状语从句考点归纳.ppt

AdverbialClause状语从句考点状语从句考点2021/5/271一：状语从句的定义、功能、分类一：状语从句的定义、功能、分类定义定义：在复合句中作状语的从句：在复合句中作状语的从句功能功能：状语从句在主从复合句中：状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中修饰主句中 的动词，形容词或副词，或整个主句的动词，形容词或副词，或整个主句分类分类：按意义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、：按意义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句。结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句。从句的位置放在从句的位置放在句首，也可放在句末句首，也可放在句末。放在。放在句首时，从句后面常用一个逗号，放在句末时，句首时，从句后面常用一个逗号，放在句末时，从句前一般不用逗号。从句前一般不用逗号。2021/5/272状状语语从从句句时间状语从句时间状语从句条件状语从句条件状语从句原因状语从句原因状语从句结果状语从句结果状语从句让步状语从句让步状语从句地点状语从句地点状语从句方式状语从句方式状语从句目的状语从句目的状语从句比较状语从句比较状语从句考什么考什么连接词连接词语序语序省略省略语气语气2021/5/273二：能力要求：二：能力要求：1.1.了解状语从句的分类情况及各种状语了解状语从句的分类情况及各种状语 从句中从句中经常使用的连词经常使用的连词2.2.能够在真实的语境中判定从句与主句能够在真实的语境中判定从句与主句 的的逻辑关系逻辑关系,从而能够使用恰当的连词从而能够使用恰当的连词 完成交际完成交际.3.3.能够辨别同类状语从句中能够辨别同类状语从句中近似连词的近似连词的 用法区别用法区别.2021/5/274一一.时间状语从句时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的从属连词引导时间状语从句的从属连词1.基本类：基本类：before、after、when、while、as、since、till、until、once,as soon as,etc.It will be two months before he comes back.It is two years since he smoked.2.名词类（由名词词组充当引导词）：名词类（由名词词组充当引导词）：the moment,the minute,the second,the instant,etc.(一一就就);every time,each time,the last time,the first time,etc.Ill tell him the minute(that)he gets here.I started the very moment I got your letter.2021/5/2753.副词类（由副词充当引导词）：副词类（由副词充当引导词）：immediately,directly,instantly,etc.(一一.就就.)4.句型类：句型类：no soonerthan,hardly/scarcely when,etc.(一一就就)e.g.I will give you an answer immediately I finish my work.The machine will start instantly you press the button.e.g She had no sooner heard the news than she fainted.No sooner had she heard the news than she fainted.Scarcely had he gone when she appeared.注意注意:用于句首时应引起用于句首时应引起部分倒装部分倒装,且前部分一般且前部分一般用用过去完成时过去完成时2021/5/276_(下课的时候下课的时候),we began our writing.John sings_（边走）（边走）._（我们看电视的时候）（我们看电视的时候）,he was writing a composition.When the lesson was overas he walksWhile we were watching TV注意：注意：1.when,as,while 的区别的区别when:持续性非持续性动词都可持续性非持续性动词都可as:当；一边当；一边一边；随着一边；随着while:持续性动词进行持续性动词进行2021/5/2772.till,until和和notuntil小结：小结：1.until/till引导时间状语从句用于肯定句时，主句的动引导时间状语从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词是延续性动词，表示动作或状态一直持续到词是延续性动词，表示动作或状态一直持续到until/till所表示的时间，意为所表示的时间，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止停止”。如：。如：We waited until he came.2用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句为肯定，意为句为肯定，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始某动作直到某时间才开始”。如：。如：He wont go to bed till/until she returns.3till不可以置于句首，而不可以置于句首，而until可以。如：可以。如：Until you told me I had no idea of it.4notuntil句型中的强调和倒装说法：句型中的强调和倒装说法：It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.2021/5/2783.连接词连接词before的小结：的小结：一、含义1 We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.2 We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.3 Please write it down before you forget it.4Before I could get in a word,he had measured me.“才才”“不到不到就就”“趁趁”“还没来得及还没来得及”二Before从句中谓语不用否定式从句中谓语不用否定式。如：Before they reached the station,the train had gone.三1）句型句型It will be/was段时间段时间before“还要过多久才还要过多久才”如如：It will be two years before he leaves the country.2）句型句型It will be/was一段时间一段时间before“不多久就不多久就”。如：It wasnt two years before he left the country.2021/5/2794.Since的句型的句型句型It is段时间since时间的计算一律从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。如：It is three years since she was in our class.她离开我们班有三年了。It is three years since he lived here2021/5/2710二二.条件状语从句条件状语从句 1.引导词引导词:if,unless,as long as(=so long as),in case(that),onconditionthat,provided/providingthat,ifonly/onlyif,granted,granting,given,assuming,supposing/suppose etc.Ive waited here for about half an hour._I myself could drive a car!A.Only if B.If only C.If D.OnlyMost animals have little connection with animals of a different kind,_they hunt them for food.A.If B.while C.unless D.as 2021/5/27112.非真实条件句中应用虚拟语气非真实条件句中应用虚拟语气Eg.If you _（接受）（接受）your teachers advice,you wouldnt have failed the exam.3.真实条件句中的时态真实条件句中的时态:e.g.If it _（下雨）（下雨）tomorrow,I will not go out.had takenrains2021/5/2712 unless 与与if not 的用法的用法：If you dont start at once,you will miss the train.Unless you start at once,you will miss the train.unless 在意义上相当于在意义上相当于if not 常可以换用常可以换用2021/5/2713In case he comes,let me know.You can go out,as/so long as you promise to be back before eleven.I will come again tomorrow provided(that)I have time.(=if)Supposing(that)it rains tomorrow,what shall we do?(=if)Unless you tell him yourself,hell lose faith in you completely.Well let you use the room on condition that/provided that you keep it clean and tidy.2021/5/2714because直接原因，非推断语气最强直接原因，非推断语气最强回答回答whysince 通常放句首译为通常放句首译为“既然既然”as 不谈自明的原因不谈自明的原因，语气最弱，语气最弱for 放句中，引导后半句表原因放句中，引导后半句表原因。三三.原因状语从句原因状语从句1 1引引引引导导导导原原原原因因因因状状状状语语语语从从从从句句句句最最最最常常常常用用用用的的的的连连连连词词词词是是是是 because,because,since,since,和和和和asas，所所所所引引引引导导导导的的的的从从从从句句句句可可可可以以以以放放放放在在在在主主主主句句句句之之之之前前前前，也也也也可可可可放放放放在在在在主主主主句句句句之之之之后后后后。其其其其中中中中 becausebecause语语语语势势势势最最最最强强强强，sincesince次次次次之，之，之，之，asas又次之。又次之。又次之。又次之。2021/5/27151.在强调句中强调原因状语从句，只能用在强调句中强调原因状语从句，只能用because引导，不可用引导，不可用as或或since.2.because可以引导表语从句可以引导表语从句,而而as,since不可以，这不可以，这时主语一般都是时主语一般都是it,this,that It was _ he was ill that he didnt go with us.Its_ he is too lazy.3.since表示表示“既然既然”，只能放主句前，只能放主句前._you are here,you must do it.because用用because,as,since 填空填空becauseSince2021/5/27161.John didnt come to school _ being ill yesterday.A.because of B.because C.since D.as2.-Mum,can I go out to play football with jessica?-No,you cant _ your homework is being done.A.before B.until C.as D.when3.These two areas are similar_ they both have a high rainfall during this season.A.to that B.besides that C.in that D.except that2021/5/27172复复合合连连词词也也可可以以引引导导原原因因状状语语从从句句，这这些些连连词词有有：now(that),seeing(that),considering(that),for the reason that,by reason that,for fear that,that等，如：等，如：Now(that)(=Since)you mention it,I do remember.Now(that)he is absent,youll have to do the work by yourself.Now(=Since)the rain has stopped,lets start.Seeing(that)all the guests have arrived,lets have dinner.Considering that they are just beginners,they are doing quite a good job.2021/5/2718 3.3.原因状语从句原因状语从句原因状语从句通常由because,as,since,now that,considering(that),seeing(that)等词引导。because语气较强，用以回答why问句 as语气较弱，较口语化，所表示的原因较明显。since语气较弱，常表对方已知的事实，相当于汉语的“既然”。2021/5/2719 for 放句中，引导后半句表原因。放句中，引导后半句表原因。now that 既然，表示原因放在句首。considering that 考虑到鉴于（考虑到鉴于（句首）句首）seeing that 鉴于由于既然因为鉴于由于既然因为（句首）（句首）2021/5/27201.sothat 与与suchthat 的区别的区别so+adj./adv.+thatso+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数可数名词单数+thatso+many/much/few/little+名词名词+thate.g.It is so hot that we cant sleep.It is so interesting a book that she has read it twice.such+a/an+adj.+单数可数名词单数可数名词+thatsuch+adj.+复数名词复数名词/不可数名词不可数名词+thatsuch+a lot of/lots of+名词名词+thatIt is such an interesting book that she has read it twice.There was such delicious food that he had too much.引导状语从句的连接词有引导状语从句的连接词有so that/sothat/suchthat四四.结果状语从句结果状语从句2021/5/2721用用so ,such填空：填空：There were _ many people in the room that we could not get in.He made _ an excellent speech that every one admired him.She is _ lovely a girl that everyone in her class likes her.He has _ poor furniture that others cannot find a place to sit.sosuchsosuch2021/5/2722His courage is such that he doesnt know the meaning for fear.Such 表示程度高表示程度高So terrible was the storm that some old houses were destroyed.Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken.So such 在句首在句首 倒装倒装2021/5/2723So that 引导结果状语从句表示实现的一引导结果状语从句表示实现的一件事或一个事实，从句谓语动词一般不件事或一个事实，从句谓语动词一般不和情态动词连用，且从句前多有逗号与和情态动词连用，且从句前多有逗号与主句分开。例如：主句分开。例如：He didnt study hard,so that he failed in the exam.(他没有用功学习，结果考试没他没有用功学习，结果考试没有通过。有通过。)He took no notice of him,co that he flew into a rage.（我没有理睬他，于是他在怒起来。）（我没有理睬他，于是他在怒起来。）注意注意2021/5/2724五五.让步状语从句让步状语从句由由though,although,as(虽然尽管虽然尽管),even if,even though,wh-ever,no matter wh-,whether引导引导_most of the people agreed,some were not willing to accepted.We wouldnt lose heart _we should fail ten times.Althougheven if2021/5/2725 Although 和和though均可以引导主步状语均可以引导主步状语从句，间为从句，间为“虽然，尽管虽然，尽管”但是但是although较较though 正式，更多有于句首，二者昀正式，更多有于句首，二者昀不可以与不可以与but边用，但可以与副词边用，但可以与副词yet,still,nevertheless等连用。等连用。Although(though)he was ill,(sill/yet)he went on working.注意注意12021/5/2726as as引导让步状语从句时从句部分语序要部分引导让步状语从句时从句部分语序要部分倒装。其结构为：倒装。其结构为：Young as he is,he can read and write in several foreign languages.Child as he was,he had to support the family.（表语名词提前并常省去冠词）（表语名词提前并常省去冠词）n./adj./adv./v+as+主语谓语主语谓语注意注意22021/5/27271.There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely,_ she was an only child.A.ever since B.now that C.even though D.even as2._ you like it or not,you will have to give up smoking.A.If B.Whether C.How D.Why3.You should try to get a good nights sleep _ much work you have to do.A.however B.no matter C.although D.whatever4.You can eat food free in my restaurant _ you like.A.Whenever B.wherever C.whatever D.however2021/5/2728 六六.地点状语从句地点状语从句引导词：引导词：where，whereverIll go wherever he goes.Ill go where he went.-Can you tell me _ are you from?-It is not important _ I came from.A.when;whenever B.where;wherever C.the place;where D.wherever;where我要去他去的地方我要去他去的地方.他去哪我就去哪他去哪我就去哪.2021/5/2729地点状语从句与定语从句的区别地点状语从句与定语从句的区别1.-Where do you plan to work?-Ive made up my mind to go _Im most needed.A.to the place B.to which C.that D.where2.I will go to a country for a holiday _ there are a lot of flowers and trees.A.in the place B.where C.which D.wherever辨析辨析:Go back where you came from.Go back to the village where you came from.2021/5/2730 七七.目的状语从句目的状语从句引导词引导词：so，so that，in order that，that，to the end that，in case，for fear that，lest等。其谓语等。其谓语动词常与情态动词动词常与情态动词can，could，may，might，should，would连用。连用。(340)1.Id like to arrive 20 minutes early_ I can have time for a cup of tea.A.as soon as B.as a result C.in case D.so that2.John may phone tonight.I dont want to go out _he phones.A.as long as B.in order that C.in case D.so that2021/5/2731The Shanghaiese are making great efforts to beautify the city_ more overseas companies will come.A.in order that B.so as to C.so long as D.on condition that2021/5/2732He studied hard to the end that he might pass the entrance examination.Take your raincoat in case it rains.He left early in case he should miss the last train.I dare not go there for fear that he might see me.2021/5/2733 八八.方式状语从句方式状语从句引导词引导词 1：as(象象.一样一样,正如正如,按照按照),as if/as though(好象好象,宛如宛如)You must do the exercises as I show you.Please do exactly as your doctor says.It looks as if it might snow/is going to snow.He acted as/though nothing had happened.He walked as if he was/were drunk.Mary was behaving as though she hadnt grown up.Leave it as it is.He stated thae facts as they were.He is,as it were,a walking dictionary.事实上事实上,按现在的样子按现在的样子按原样子按原样子插入语插入语,仿佛仿佛,好象好象注意注意22021/5/27342在非正式文体或口语中，也可用在非正式文体或口语中，也可用 the way(that)(=as=in the way in which),how,like等来引导，如：等来引导，如：Jean doesnt do it the way I do.She is doing her work the way I like it done.You can do the job how you like.The landlord was watching him like(=just as)a cat watches a mouse.Do you make bread like you make cakes?2021/5/2735 九九.比较状语从句比较状语从句引导词引导词:as.as(和和一样一样),not as/soas(不如不如),than(比比),the morethe more(越越越越).这种从句常采用省略句的这种从句常采用省略句的句型，如：句型，如：He looks younger than he is./He is as old as I am.He worked as fast as a skilled worker.The project was completed earlier than we had expected.He is as young as you(are young).Please come as soon as(it is)possible.区别：区别：We know you better than he(knows you)(knows you).We know you better than(we know)(we know)him.2021/5/2736thethe 句型也是比较状语从句的一种，例句型也是比较状语从句的一种，例如：如：The harder we work,the better we shall serve the people.其中其中the 为连接副词，既起连接作用，又修为连接副词，既起连接作用，又修饰后面的副词。饰后面的副词。注意省略：注意省略：注意省略：注意省略：The sooner he comes,the better(it will be).The higher the ground(is),the cooler the air(will be).注意注意2021/5/2737状语从句中的省略现象状语从句中的省略现象Once _seen,the film can never be forgotten.If _invited,I will go to the party.She stood at the school gate as if _waiting for someone.(it is)(I am)(she was)When _necessary,I will buy a TV set.If _ possible,youd better come tomorrow.(it is)(it is)2021/5/2738-I hear Johnson was badly injured in the accident.-_,lets go and see him.A.Whats more B.If so C.Where possible D.When necessary2021/5/2739Thank you!Thank you!2021/5/2740