主谓一致--高三英语语法.pptx

高三英语总复习语法系列训练高三英语总复习语法系列训练主谓一致要点精讲主谓一致要点精讲 1.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another.A.is B.are C.am D.be 2.A library with five thousand books _to the nation as a gift.A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered3.When and where to build the new factory _ yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided 4.The number of people invited _fifty,but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A.were;was B.was;was C.was;were D.were;were5.E-mail,as well as telephones,_ an important part in daily communication.A.is playing B.have played C.are playing D.play 6._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A.Two fifth;is B.Two fifth;are C.Two fifths;is D.Two fifths;are “一一一一致致致致”是是是是指指指指句句句句子子子子成成成成分分分分之之之之间间间间或或或或词词词词语语语语之之之之间间间间在在在在性性性性、数数数数等方面应保持一致。等方面应保持一致。等方面应保持一致。等方面应保持一致。“主主主主谓谓谓谓一一一一致致致致”是是是是指指指指谓谓谓谓语语语语动动动动词词词词与与与与主主主主语语语语必必必必须须须须在在在在人人人人称称称称、性性性性、数数数数上上上上保保保保持持持持一一一一致致致致，即即即即主主主主语语语语是是是是复复复复数数数数，谓谓谓谓语语语语也也也也用用用用复复复复数数数数形形形形式式式式，如如如如are,are,were,were,havehave等等等等，主主主主语语语语是是是是单单单单数数数数，谓谓谓谓语语语语要要要要用用用用单单单单数形式，如：数形式，如：数形式，如：数形式，如：is,was,has,worksis,was,has,works等。等。等。等。在具体处理一致关系时可遵循以下三原则在具体处理一致关系时可遵循以下三原则在具体处理一致关系时可遵循以下三原则在具体处理一致关系时可遵循以下三原则:语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。意义一致的原则意义一致的原则 （一）谓语动词为单数的情况（一）谓语动词为单数的情况（一）谓语动词为单数的情况（一）谓语动词为单数的情况 1.由由and 连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。The worker and writer is from Wuhan.(那个工人兼作家那个工人兼作家)(比比较较：The worker and the writer are from Beijing.那那位位工工人人和和那那位作家位作家)Bread and butter is a daily food in the West.2.Every and(every),each and(each,no and(no),many a and(many a)连接两个单数名词作主语。连接两个单数名词作主语。Every desk and every chair is made of wood.Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.3.one/every one/each/either/the number+of+复数名词作主语。复数名词作主语。Each of the students has a book.4.clothing,furniture,traffic,jewellery,baggage,equipment,luggage 等无生命的集合名词作主语。等无生命的集合名词作主语。Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area.5.以以s 结结尾尾的的词词，但但表表示示学学科科、国国家家、机机构构、书书籍籍、报报刊刊等等名名称称作作主语。主语。6.表表示示时时间间、距距离离、金金钱钱、等等复复数数名名词词作作主主语语，表表达达一一个个整整体体概概念念时。时。Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown.7.由由any-,some-,no-和和-one,-thing,-body等所构成的不定代词作主语。等所构成的不定代词作主语。8.非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。Collecting stamps is what he likes.Whatever was left was taken away.9.单数名词、抽象名词、物质名词作主语。单数名词、抽象名词、物质名词作主语。（二）谓语动词为复数的情况（二）谓语动词为复数的情况（二）谓语动词为复数的情况（二）谓语动词为复数的情况 1.由由and 连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。Both bread and butter are sold out.2.people,police,cattle 等有生命的集体名词作主语。等有生命的集体名词作主语。The police are looking for the missing child.3.goods,stairs,arms 等名词作主语。等名词作主语。4.由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s 结尾的专有名词作主语。结尾的专有名词作主语。The Olympic Games are held once every four years.5.a number of/quantities of/a group of+名词作主语。名词作主语。（三）谓语动词单、复数视情况而定（三）谓语动词单、复数视情况而定（三）谓语动词单、复数视情况而定（三）谓语动词单、复数视情况而定 1.集集体体名名词词class,family,army,team,club,population,enemy,party,crowd,crew,audience,public,government,majority,group等等作作主主语。强调整体用单数，指个个成员用复数。语。强调整体用单数，指个个成员用复数。His family is a great one.His family are music lovers.2.means,works,pains等词，根据主语表达的概念而定。等词，根据主语表达的概念而定。The steel works is near the station.Two new steel works are being built.3.“kind,“kind,sort,sort,pair,pair,type type+名名名名词词词词”作作主主语语，以以这这些些名名词词本本身身的的单单复复数数而定。而定。4.all,none,some,any 等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。All are present.All the food tastes good.5.“half“half/most most/enough enough/part part/the the rest rest/the the last last/lots lots/plenty plenty/分分分分数数数数、百分数百分数百分数百分数+of +of +名词名词名词名词”作主语作主语:谓语动词要和谓语动词要和 of 之后的名词单复数保持一致。之后的名词单复数保持一致。就近一致原则就近一致原则 由由由由or or,either either or,or,neithernor,neithernor,not not onlybut onlybut also also 等等等等连连连连接接接接的的的的并并并并列主语，谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词有单复数上保持一致。列主语，谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词有单复数上保持一致。列主语，谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词有单复数上保持一致。列主语，谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词有单复数上保持一致。Not only he but also I am invited.Neither my gloves nor my hat goes with the dress.但注意：但注意：但注意：但注意：“with“with/along along with with/together together with with/including including/but but/except except/like like/among among/as as well well as as/no no more more than than/besides besides/rather rather than than+名名名名词词词词”置置于主语后，谓语动词一般仍和前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。于主语后，谓语动词一般仍和前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。The teacher with a number of students is in the classroom.集合名词作主语，谓语的数如何确定集合名词作主语，谓语的数如何确定集合名词作主语，谓语的数如何确定集合名词作主语，谓语的数如何确定?1His family _ a small one2His family _ fat and short Ais，is Bare，are Cis，are Dare，is 此此题题应应选选C C。family是是一一个个集集合合名名词词，具具有有单单数数(侧侧重重指指整整体体)和复数和复数(侧重指个体侧重指个体)两种可能。类似这种用法的词主要的有：两种可能。类似这种用法的词主要的有：team(队队，队队员员)，class(班班，班班上上的的全全体体学学生生)，crowd(人人群群)，government(政政府府)，crew(乘乘务务员员)，committee(委委员员会会，委委员员们们)，audience(听众听众)等：等：This class consists of 45 students.Mr Green teaches it 这个班这个班45个学生，由格林先生教。个学生，由格林先生教。This class are all diligent.Mr Green teaches them.这个班的学生都很用功，由格林先生教。这个班的学生都很用功，由格林先生教。The team is the best in the league这个队在联赛中打得最好。这个队在联赛中打得最好。The football team are having baths足球队队员们在洗澡。足球队队员们在洗澡。It was late,but the audience was increasing.时间很迟了，但听众人数却在增加。时间很迟了，但听众人数却在增加。The audience were all moved to tears.听众都感动得流了泪。听众都感动得流了泪。但是并不是所有的集合名词都具有以上两种用法：但是并不是所有的集合名词都具有以上两种用法：1.有有的的集集合合名名词词总总是是用用作作单单数数(不不可可数数)：clothing 衣衣服服，poetry 诗诗歌歌，baggageluggage 行行李李，furniture家家俱俱，machinery 机机械械，scenery 景色，景色，jewellery珠宝等。珠宝等。2.有有的的集集合合名名词词总总是是表表示示复复数数意意义义(但但不不用用复复数数形形式式)：people人人，police警察，警察，cattle牲口等。牲口等。谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致?We Chinese _ a hard-working people Ais Bare Cis being Dare being 此此题题应应选选B B。这这里里应应注注意意的的是是：我我们们通通常常说说的的是是主主谓谓一一致致（即即谓谓语语与与主主语语保保持持一一致致），而而不不是是表表谓谓一一致致（即即不不是是谓谓语语与与表表语语一一致致），本题意为：我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。，本题意为：我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。注意以下类似例子：注意以下类似例子：注意以下类似例子：注意以下类似例子：These two dictionaries are a present for my best friend Jim The planets were the object of his study The most important thing I need is books The countrys leading export is watches The best part of the meal is the coffee and cookies 但但是是有有些些主主语语由由于于本本身身具具有有单单数数和和复复数数两两种种可可能能，它它的的谓谓语语到到底底用用单单数数还还是是复复数数，要要看看具具体体的的语语境境（多多数数情情况况是是看看其其后后面面词词语语的的单复数），例如：单复数），例如：Who is your brother？谁是你的兄弟？谁是你的兄弟？Who are your brothers？哪些是你的兄弟？哪些是你的兄弟？What he said is quite correct他所说的完全正确。他所说的完全正确。What he left me are only a few old books他他给给我我留留下下的的只只是是几几本本旧旧书。书。并列主语中谓语应与哪个保持一致并列主语中谓语应与哪个保持一致并列主语中谓语应与哪个保持一致并列主语中谓语应与哪个保持一致？1.You or he _ to blame你或他有一人要受责备。你或他有一人要受责备。2._ you or he to blame?受责备的是你还是他？受责备的是你还是他？Ais，Is Bare，Are Cis，Are D are，Is 在在通通常常情情况况下下，两两个个并并列列主主语语由由or，eitheror，neithernor，notbut，not onlybut（also）等等连连接接时时，其其谓谓语语通通常常与与第第二二个个主主语语（即即临临近近的的一一个个主主语语）保保持持一一致致，但但是是，在在疑疑问问句句中中则则通通常常与第一个主语（即临近的一个主语）保持一致。与第一个主语（即临近的一个主语）保持一致。1One or two days _ enough to see the city Ais Bare Cam Dbe2Neither my wife nor I myself _ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind Ais Bare Cam Dbe3Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another Ais Bare Cam Dbe4Not the teacher，but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film Ais Bare Cam Dbe下列结构的谓语应与哪个主语保持一致？下列结构的谓语应与哪个主语保持一致？下列结构的谓语应与哪个主语保持一致？下列结构的谓语应与哪个主语保持一致？A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift Ais offered Bhas offered Care offered Dhave offered 用连词用连词and连接的两个并列主语，其谓语要用复数，但是若主连接的两个并列主语，其谓语要用复数，但是若主语跟有语跟有with,like,but,except,besides,including,together with,along with,as well as,more than,no less than,rather than等连接的另一个等连接的另一个名词，其谓语通常要与前面一个主语保持一致。名词，其谓语通常要与前面一个主语保持一致。1Nobody but Betty and Mary _ late for class yesterday Awas Bwere Chas been Dhave been2A woman with some children _ soon Ais coming Bare coming Chas come Dhave come3No one except my parents _ anything about this。Aknow Bknows Cis known Dare known4The teacher as well as the students _ the book already Ahas read Bhave read Care reading Dis reading5All but one _ in the accident Awas killed Bwere killed Cwill be killed Dare killed