高中英语虚拟语气考点题型与解题方法.pdf

1 高中英语虚拟语气考点题型与解题方法高中英语虚拟语气考点题型与解题方法 单选题(经典例题高频考点-名师出品必属精品)1、But for the rescue teams efforts,more lives _ in the wreck accident.Awould be claimedBshould have claimed Cwould have claimedDcould have been claimed 答案：D 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是团队的努力，更多人的就会在这次失事事故中丧生。分析句子可知，句子为过去时态，更多人本会在失事事故中丧生，与过去事实相反，用情态动词 could+have done 结构表示，又因为 lives与 claim 之间存在逻辑是的动宾关系，用被动语态，所以填 could have been claimed。故选 D 项。2、-Your head teacher is really a thoughtful man.-Exactly.If he_,he _ me in todays class before all my classmates.Aisnt;would punishBwasnt;would punish Chadnt;would have punishedDwerent;would have punished 答案：D 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：你的班主任真是个有思想的人。完全正确。如果他不是，他就会在今天的课上当着所有同学面前惩罚我。此处是 if 引导的虚拟语气，与过去的事实相反，故选 D。小提示：If 引导的虚拟语气：1).表示与现在事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+动词一般过去时(Be 动词用 were)主句：主语+should/would/might/could+do：If I were you，I 2 would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）2).表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+had+done 主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have done：If I had got there earlier，I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）3).表示与将来事实相反 从句：if+主语+were to doif+主语+should+doif+主语+动词一般过去式（be 动词用 were）主句:主语+should/would/might/could+do:If he should come here tomorrow，I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小，不可能）3、This is the first time I _ my picture with my own hands.It is time that you _ a picture for me.Ahave taken;tookBtook;should take Ctook;will takeDwill take;have taken 答案：A 解析：考查时态。句意：-这是我第一次自己拍照。-你是该给我照张相了。take a picture 照相的意思，This is the first time这一句型，其后一句使用现在完成时；It is time that 句型是常用语虚拟语气，对现在的虚拟用一般过去式，故选 A。小提示：时态是常考考点，除了要求考生掌握各个时态的基本用法之外，考生需具有在具体语境中辨别能力。时态的判定往往根据句中所给的直接或间接的时间状语来判定，但要注意的是不能完全依赖于所给出的时间状语，还要看语境。本小题没有明显的时间提示，但 This is the first time这是个固定句型，其后用现在完成时；It is time that 句型是常用语虚拟语气，根据上文语境可知，此处说的是现在，用一般过去式。4、They demand that we _ the task on time.3 AaccomplishBwill accomplishCaccomplishedDhad accomplished 答案：A 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：他们要求我们按时完成任务。动词 demand 作“要求”之意时，后接宾语从句，从句用should+动词原形的虚拟语气，should 可以省略。故选 A。5、If you had enough money,what _？Awill you buyBwould you buy Cwould you have boughtDwill you have bought 答案：B 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你有足够的钱，你会买什么？此处表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句用 did(was 用were)，主句用 would/should/could+动词原形，故 B 项正确。小提示：非真实条件句的虚拟语气的基本用法是：表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用 had done，主句谓语动词用 would/should/could+have done；表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用 did(was 用 were)，主句谓语动词用 would/should/could+动词原形；表示与将来事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用 did(was 用 were)，should do 或 were to do，主句谓语动词用 would/should/could+动词原形。6、What would you do if the war against COVID-19 again in China?Ais broken outBwill break outCwere to break outDwould break out 答案：C 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果中国再次爆发抗新冠肺炎战争，你会怎么做？此句是与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，4 主句中用 would+动词原形，if 从句中用 were to+动词原形，break out“爆发，发生”没有被动语态。故选 C。7、I missed the chance to meet the movie star in the flesh.How I wish I _ ill yesterday！Adidnt fallBwerent fallingChadnt fallenDhavent fallen 答案：C 解析：本题考查虚拟语气。解题步骤：1).确定虚拟语气：wish 后面接宾语从句的时候用虚拟语气；2).确定时态：根据空后 yesterday 可知，此处描述的是对过去动作的虚拟，和过去相反的动作用过去完成时。句意：我错过了与这位电影明星见面的机会。我多么希望昨天没有生病啊！故选 C。8、Many people _ from sickness or even small wounds had penicillin not been available.Awould dieBwould have diedCmay dieDmay have died 答案：B 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果没有青霉素，许多人可能会死于疾病甚至小伤口。分析句意可知，此句是一个虚拟语气，根据句中的“had penicillin not been available”可知，此句是对过去的虚拟，故其主语的谓语动词应用“should/would/might/could+have+过去分词”。结合选项，故选 B。9、Without the wise leadership of the Party,it _ hard to achieve the GDP growth target for 2020 at between 6 percent and 6).5 percent.Awould have beenBwould be CwereDhad been 答案：B 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：要是没有党的英明领导，很难实现 2019 年国内生产总值增长 66).5的目标。此处是 without 短语相当于虚拟条件句，根据“2019”判断是对将来的虚拟，主句用 would+do 的形式，故 B 项正确。5 10、They both look as if they _ ten years younger after a heart-to-heart talk.AareBwereChave beenDhad been 答案：B 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：他们俩谈心之后，看上去都年轻了十岁。根据语境，as if 引导的表语从句用虚拟语气，根据主句谓语动词 look 可知，是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。故选 B。11、As two cases of Omicro coronavirus variant have been detected,the British government has urged that anyone who has arrived from South Africa recently _.Abeing testedBwas testedCmust be testedDbe tested 答案：D 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：由于已发现两例奥米克罗冠状病毒变异病例，英国政府敦促最近从南非抵达的任何人接受检测。A.being tested 正在被检测；B.was tested 被检测；C.must be tested 必须被检测；D.be tested 被检测。分析句子，has urged 后接 that 引导的宾语从句，urge 表示“敦促”，后接宾语从句时应用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语动词应用“should+动词原形”，其中 should 可以省略，本句中 test 与主语 anyone 之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，即（should）be tested。故选 D 项。12、Experts recommended parents _their children to play computer games for more than an hour a day.Anot allowBdo not allowCmustnt allowDcouldnt allow 答案：A 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：专家建议父母每天不允许孩子玩电脑游戏超过一个小时。recommend 表示主观的肯定时，后面的需要用到虚拟语气，但是其中的 should 可以省略，且后面应该跟随动词原形，当需要否定的时候，直接在 do 前面加否定词 not，故选 A。6 13、-Have you heard that Ben and Bill had a fight yesterday?-Yes.Now they dont say a single word to each other.It seems as if they _ each other before.Adidnt knowBdont knowChave never knownDhad never known 答案：D 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：你听说昨天 Ben 和 Bill 打架了吗？是的。现在他们一句话也不说了。他们好像之前从来不认识对方。as if“好像”，在引导从句时，即可表示对现在、过去时间的虚拟，也可表示对将来时间的虚拟，其后要用虚拟语气。当表示和过去事实相反时，从句用 had+过去分词的虚拟语气。根据句中“Ben and Bill had a fight yesterday”及下文“before”，可知此处表示和过去事实相反，选项 D 与题意相符，故选 D。14、Pity that I missed the Womens Volleyball Match on Thursday.If only I _ the ticket in advance!AbookedBhad bookedCwould bookDhave booked 答案：B 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：错过了周四的女排比赛真是太可惜了，要是我早点订票就好了。根据句意可知，这是对过去的虚拟，故应用过去完成时。故选 B 15、What a pity!The parents could have survived the earthquake,_ to save their child.Ahad they not come backBhave they come back Cdid they not come backDdid they come back 答案：A 解析：考查省略 if 的条件句。句意：真遗憾!如果不是回来救孩子，这对父母本可以在地震中幸存下来。分析句子可知，此处为 if 引导的虚拟条件句，与过去事实相反，从句的谓语动词为 had come back，if 可以省略，这时从句要用倒装语序，即把 had 置于句首。从句“if they had not come back”省略 if，提前 had，句子写成“had they not 7 come back”。故选 A 项。小提示：if 引导的虚拟条件句，当从句的谓语动词含有 were，should，had 时，if 可以省略，这时从句要用倒装语序，即把 were，should，had 等词置于句首。16、If he _ his teachers suggestion,he would have won the English Speech Contest.Ahad followedBshould follow Cwas to followDfollowed 答案：A 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他听从了老师的建议，他就会赢得英语演讲比赛了。根据“would have won”可知，此处表示对过去的虚拟，从句谓语形式为 had+过去分词，故 A 项正确。小提示：注意在 if 引导的虚拟条件句中，表示对现在的虚拟时，从句谓语形式为动词过去式（be 用 were），主句谓语形式为 should/could/would+动词原形，如：If they didnt take physical exercises every day,they would be so healthy；表示对过去的虚拟时，从句谓语形式为 had+过去分词，主句谓语形式为 should/could/would have+过去分词，如：If you had taken my advice,you wouldnt have failed in the test；表示对将来的虚拟时，从句谓语形式为动词过去式（be 用 were）/should+动词原形/were to+动词原形，主句谓语形式为 should/could/would+动词原形，如：If it were to rain tomorrow,our picnic would be put off。17、Her pale face suggested that she _ ill and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination.Abe;should haveBwas;haveCshould be;hadDwas;had 答案：B 解析：考查时态和虚拟语气。句意：她苍白的脸表明她病了,她的父母建议她去体检。第一个 suggest 是“表明，显示”8 的意思，后面的 be 动词视整句时态而定，根据主句时态可知用一般过去时。第二个 suggest 是“建议”的意思，后接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：(should)+原形动词，should 可略。故选 B。18、My advice is _ he _ to go abroad for further education.Athat,choosesBthat,choseCthat,chooseDwhat,should choose 答案：C 解析：考查表语从句和虚拟语气。句意：我的建议是他应该选择出国深造。chooses 选择；第一个设空处引导表语从句，从句不缺成份，应用只起连接作用的 that；在 advice 后的表语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语构成是“should+动词原形”should 可省略，故第二个设空处应为(should)choose。故选 C。19、He runs very fast _ he _ a professional athlete.Aeven though;isBeven if;wereCas if;wereDas like;is 答案：C 解析：考查方式状语从句和虚拟语气。句意：他跑得很快，好像他是一个职业运动员。分析句子可知，句子描述的是他跑的“方式”，“好像”他是一个职业运动员，故句子为方式状语从句，as if 引导方式状语从句，意为“好像”，符合句意，故第一个空填 as if。根据句意可知，从句中的内容与现在事实相反，他并不是一个职业运动员，这时从句要用虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词要用一般过去时，故第二个空填 were/was。故选 C项。20、I wish I _ football game on TV last night,but I went to a friends birthday party.AwatchedBhad watchedCwould watchDwere watching 答案：B 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：我希望我昨晚看了电视上的足球比赛，但是我去了一个朋友的生日聚会。分析可知，9 wish 后的宾语从句，应用虚拟语气，由时间状语 last night 可知该句是对过去发生事情的虚拟，结构为：wish+主语+had+过去分词。故选 B 项。21、The General commanded that all the soldiers _ the news secret.AkeepBkeptCkeepingDto keep 答案：A 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：将军命令所有士兵把这个新闻保守秘密。command“命令”，后跟 that 从句，从句中用should do,should 可以省略。故选 A。小提示：在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should 可省略。如：My suggestion is that we(should)start early tomorrow.我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。本小题考查 command 的用法，句意：将军命令所有士兵把这个新闻保守秘密。command“命令”，后跟 that 从句，从句中用 should do,should 可以省略。故选 A。22、The villagers are extremely grateful to the workers,without whose help the road to the village_.Acant be builtBmustnt be built Ccouldnt have been builtDmustnt have been built 答案：C 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：村民们非常感谢工人们，没有他们的帮助，这条通往村庄的道路就不可能被建成。此处without whose 引导的定语从句中用虚拟语气，相当于 if 引导的虚拟语气，与过去的事实相反，且定语从句的主语 the road 和 build 之间是被动关系，故答案为 C。10 23、Im sorry to say I failed to meet the deadline.With better equipment,I _ the task on schedule.Awould accomplishBcould accomplish Cmust have accomplishedDmight have accomplished 答案：D 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：很抱歉我没能赶上最后期限，要是有更好的设备，我可能已经按时完成任务了。根据“I failed to meet the deadline.”及“With better equipment”可知，此处表示对过去事情可能性较小的推测，表示“可能已经”，故 D 项正确。小提示：本题的解题关键在于根据“I failed to meet the deadline.”及“With better equipment”可知，此处表示对过去事情可能性较小的推测，表示“可能已经”，例如：I went to Paris last month,with more money,I might have gone to a further place.上个月我去了巴黎，要是钱够的话，我可能去更远的地方了。24、The director commanded that actions_ to solve the problem.Awere takenBtookCshould takeDbe taken 答案：D 解析：考查虚拟语气和语态。句意：主任命令采取行动解决问题。command“命令”后接宾语从句，从句用虚拟语气（should）+动词原形，主语 action 与谓语 take 为被动关系。所以本句为（should）be taken。故选 D 项。25、_the AI robots _earlier,the production efficiency would have been improved.AWere;inventedBHad;been invented CHad;inventedDHave;been invented 答案：B 11 解析：考查省略 if 的虚拟语气。句意：如果人工智能机器人早点发明，生产效率就会提高。此处是 if 引导的非真实条件句，与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时态，当 if 省略时，用部分倒装，将助动词 had 提到主语的前面。故选 B。小提示：If 引导的虚拟语气：1).表示与现在事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+动词一般过去时(Be 动词用 were)主句：主语+should/would/might/could+do：If I were you，I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）2).表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+had+done 主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have done：If I had got there earlier，I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）3).表示与将来事实相反 从句：if+主语+were to doif+主语+should+doif+主语+动词一般过去式（be 动词用 were）主句:主语+should/would/might/could+do:If he should come here tomorrow，I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小，不可能）特别提示：如果将 if 省略，则将从句中的 be 动词 were、助动词 had/情态动词 should/could 等提到主语的前面。26、How time flies!I feel junior high school was only yesterday!Aeven ifBunlessCifDas if 答案：D 解析：考查从属连词和虚拟语气。句意：时光飞逝！我觉得初中生活就像昨天一样。A.even if 即使；B.unless 除非；C.if 如果；D.as if 好像。根据“junior high school was only yesterday!”可知，此处表示与现在事实相反的假设，根12 据句意可知此处表示“好像”，as if 从句后常用虚拟语气，故选 D。27、Had he taken his parents advice,he _ having made such a silly mistake now.Awould not regretBwould not have regretted Cmay not regretDdoes not regret 答案：A 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他接受了父母的建议，他现在就不会后悔自己犯了这样一个愚蠢的错误。此处是省略 if 的虚拟语气，从句与过去事实相反，用过去完成时态；主句与现在事实相反，用 would+动词原形，故选 A。小提示：if 引导的虚拟语气从句的三种形式 if 句又叫条件句，表示“假如”，是状语从句的一种，是一种非常常见的从句形式，用来提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，拥有三种形式。提出将来会发生的事：主句：主语would/should/might/could动词原形；从句：should动词原形/were to动词原形 eg.If he should go to Harvard University,he would make full use of his time.如果他要上哈佛大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。提出现在的条件：主句：主语would/should/might/could动词原形；从句：动词过去式 eg.If he studied at this school,he would know the enviornment around the school very much.如果他在这所学校学习的话，他会很了解周边环境。提出过去的未发生的条件：主句：主语would/should/might/could have动词过去分词；从句：had动词过去分词 eg.If I had read the book,I would have told you about it.我如果看过本书，我会把内容告诉你了。13 特别提示：如果把 if 省略，则将助动词 had/should 和 were 提到主语的前面去。比如上句：Had I read the book,I would have told you about it.我如果看过本书，我会把内容告诉你了。28、The WHO urged that all the countries _ measures to prevent COVID-19 spreading.AtakeBmust takeCare to takeDtook 答案：A 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：世界卫生组织敦促所有国家采取措施防止 COVID-19 的蔓延。此处 urge“催促，力劝”后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气 should+动词原形，其中 should 可以省略，故选 A。小提示：动词 urge 后面的宾语从句必须使用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词由“should+动词原形”构成，且 should 可以省略。如：He urged that she(should)say sorry to him first.29、-Thank you for reminding me of the time,or I late for the flight yesterday.-Dont mention it.Awill have beenBwould have been Cmust beDcould be 答案：B 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：“谢谢你提醒我时间，否则昨天我要迟到了。”“不客气。”would+have+done 表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。故 B 选项正确。30、If I _ my dog run out in the street,it wouldnt have been injured by the car.Dont blame yourself any more.Owning a pet is a tough job.Ahadnt letBdidnt letCwouldnt letDwouldnt have let 14 答案：A 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我没有让我的狗在街上跑，它就不会被汽车撞伤了。别再自责了。养宠物是一项艰巨的工作。根据下文 it wouldnt have been injured by the car 可知表示与过去事实相反的情况。其句型为“if+主语+动词的过去完成时，主语+would/could/should/might+have+动词的过去分词”。故选 A。小提示：if 引导虚拟语气 1).表示与现在事实相反的情况，其句型为“if+主语+动词的过去式（be 动词用 were），主语+would/could/might/should+动词原形”。如：If the weather were fine,we would go to Shanghai.如果天气好，我们就去上海。（事实上天气不好）If they had time,they would/could/might go with me.如果他们有时间，他们就会（可能）和我一起去。2).表示与过去事实相反的情况。其句型为“if+主语+动词的过去完成式，主语+would/could/should/might+have+动词的过去分词”。如：If I had taken his advice,I shouldnt/wouldnt/couldnt have made such a mistake.如果我按照他的建议去做，我一定不会（不可能）犯这样的错误。3).表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果，其句型为“if+主语+动词的过去式/should+动词原形/were to+动词原形，主语+would/could/might/should+动词原形”。如：The glass would break if you dropped it.杯子摔下来会打破的。（事实上没有摔下来）If it should rain,the crops would/could/might be saved.假如天下雨，庄稼就一定（有可能）会得救。31、_ the separatist forces for Taiwan independence provoke us,force our hands or even cross the red line,we would take resolute measures.ACouldBShouldCMightDWould 答案：B 15 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果“台独”分裂势力挑衅逼迫，甚至突破红线，我们都会采取坚决措施。if 引导的虚拟条件句，与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用 should+动词原形，也可将 should 移到句首并省略 if，构成虚拟条件句的倒装结构。故选 B。32、They demanded that the right to vote _ to every adult.Awas givenBwas givingCbe givingDbe given 答案：D 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：他们要求给予每个成年人投票权。demand 表示“要求”时，所接宾语从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语部分是（should）+动词原形，又由动词 give 和从句主语 the right to vote 之间是动宾关系，所以使用被动语态 be given。故选 D 项。33、The manager demanded that the workers the task ahead of schedule.AaccomplishingBaccomplishedCaccomplishDto accomplish 答案：C 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：经理要求工人们提前完成任务。动词 demand 意为：要求，其宾语从句的谓语动词由“(should)+动词原形”构成，其中 should 可省略，故选 C 项。34、If they had informed us,we _ here now.Awould not comeBwould have comeCwill not comeDmay not come 答案：A 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们通知我们，我们现在就不会来了。本句属于错综条件句，从句与过去事实相反，16 而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符，所以主句谓语用 would/could/should/might(not)+动词原形，故 A 项正确。小提示：错综条件句是虚拟语气的一大难点，主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定，例如本题，句意：如果他们通知我们，我们现在就不会来了。从句与过去事实相反，而“here”表明主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符，所以主句谓语用 would/could/should/might(not)+动词原形。35、Im sorry,but I would rather the specialist as well as the assistants _and _the project again.Aseated,discuss aboutBwere seated,discussed Care seated,discussDseats,are discussing 答案：A 解析：考查固定搭配和虚拟语气。句意：很抱歉，但是我宁愿专家和助手都坐下来再次讨论关于这个项目。第一空是虚拟语气，表示对现在愿望相反的假设，应使用一般过去时，即 would rather+sb.+一般过去时，所以用 seated；第二空是 would rather do sth.，意为“宁愿做某事”，所以用 discuss about。故选 A 项。36、If she _ generous as she makes out she would have donated more money in the catastrophe.Ahad beenBwere Cwould beDwas 答案：B 解析：考查虚拟语气。从句首的 if（如果）与主句的 would have done（早就做）可判断本题考查虚拟语气，并且根据主句时态可以判断是与现在事实相反的假设，所以 if 从句用一般过去式，be 动词要用 were。虚拟语气中，be 动词的一般过去时只能用 were 不能用 was，故选 B。小提示：17 If 条件句引导的虚拟语气，一般有三种形式。与现在事实相反：If+主语+did(be 用 were)，主语+would/should/might/could+动词原形。与过去事实相反：If+主语+had done，主语+would/should/might/could+have done。与将来事实相反：If+主语+were to do/should do，主语+would/should/might/could+动词原形。虚拟语气做题方法是在正常时态上往前推一个时态，用往前推了时态表达虚拟的不真实性。只要学生记住我们上边列出的这三种形式，做题是轻而易举的。37、He talks about Roman as if he _ there before.Ahad beenBwasCwereDhas been 答案：A 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：他说起罗马，好像他以前去过似的。此处是 as if 引导的方式状语从句，根据 before 可知，此处表示与过去的事实相反的假设，从句谓语用过去完成时。故选 A。38、It is recommended that the machine _ once a year.Amust be checked