创新大学英语综合教程.pptx

Unit OneSentence StudyuYet we continue to hold the cherished belief that competition(not cooperation),to paraphrase Sigmund Freud,“is the royal road to success”.(Para.2)If competition actually makes our“beast characteristics”clear,research shows that cooperation surely causes our“best”qualities to be seen.如果竞争确实凸显我们的如果竞争确实凸显我们的“兽性兽性”，那研究表明，合作，那研究表明，合作会凸显我们的会凸显我们的“人性人性”。uIf in fact competition brings out the“beast”in us,then research demonstrates that cooperation surely brings out the“best”in us.(Para.3)If competition actually makes our“beast characteristics”clear,research shows that cooperation surely causes our“best”qualities to be seen.如果竞争确实凸显我们的如果竞争确实凸显我们的“兽性兽性”，那研究表明，合作，那研究表明，合作会凸显我们的会凸显我们的“人性人性”。uNot only does it create a more fluid leadership,but it allows everyone to participate actively without fear of censure.(Para.4)With cooperation,leadership would become more flexible,and everyone would play a more active role without fear of criticism.它不仅令领导方式更为灵活，而且让每个人毫无顾虑地它不仅令领导方式更为灵活，而且让每个人毫无顾虑地积极参与其中。积极参与其中。Notice the inverted word order in the structure of“not only but(also)”.e.g.Not only did I know her,but I was her best friend.Not only is she pretty but also kindhearted.Not only did I hear about it,but I saw it.uA fascinating study conducted by the Cooperative Learning Center took a statistical look at competitive hockey players.(Para.5)The Cooperative Learning Center launched a very interesting statistical research on competitive hockey players.“conducted”为为过过去去分分词词作作定定语语，修修饰饰“study”。句句子子的谓语动词是的谓语动词是“took a look at”。“合作学习中心合作学习中心”开展了一项有趣的调查，对爱竞争的冰开展了一项有趣的调查，对爱竞争的冰球运动员进行统计分析。球运动员进行统计分析。uThe Center evaluated 57 collegiate and semiprofessional ice-hockey players(aged 18-29 years)trying out for the 1980 Olympic team.(Para.5)The Center made an assessment of 57 collegiate and semiprofessional ice-hockey players(aged 18-29)who were candidates to be chosen as players for the 1980 Olympics.中心评估了中心评估了57名参加名参加1980年奥运选拔赛的高校和半职业年奥运选拔赛的高校和半职业冰球运动员（年龄从冰球运动员（年龄从18至至29岁不等）。岁不等）。“trying out for”为为现现在在分分词词作作定定语语，修修饰饰句句子子的的宾宾语语“players”。uUsing sophisticated personality measures and a social-interaction scale,the researchers found that cooperation does much more than help people get along.(Para.5)Through sophisticated measuring of personality and social-interaction,the researchers found that cooperation can bring many benefits besides helping people get along.通通过过复复杂杂的的个个性性测测量量方方法法和和社社会会交交往往量量表表，研研究究人人员员发发现现，合作远不仅是有助人们融洽相处。合作远不仅是有助人们融洽相处。“using”为现在分词作伴随状语，句子的主谓结构是为现在分词作伴随状语，句子的主谓结构是“the researchers found”。uIn this study,the more cooperative individuals were better adjusted psychologically and physically healthier than their more competitive colleagues.(Para.6)In this study,the more cooperative individuals could adapt better psychologically and were physically healthier compared with the more competitive ones.在这项研究中，更善于合作的成员在心理适应和生理健在这项研究中，更善于合作的成员在心理适应和生理健康方面都优于他们更具有竞争性的同事。康方面都优于他们更具有竞争性的同事。“were better and healthier than”是比较级句是比较级句型，也是句子的主干结构。型，也是句子的主干结构。uIt seems that competition,or the constant feeling that you have to work against something,has unhealthy physical side effects.(Para.6)Competition,or the feeling that you have to keep fighting against something,can bring unexpected bad effects on your health.竞争是你对某些事物持续对抗的情绪，它似乎会给健康竞争是你对某些事物持续对抗的情绪，它似乎会给健康带来副作用。带来副作用。uIn the case of cooperation,as psychologists point out,too much can lead to“group-think,”“yes-man syndrome,”or inappropriate conformity.(Para.7)In terms of cooperation,psychologists note that too much of it can make people obey the rules of the group without careful consideration or people can always accept the ideas of the group and say“yes”to anybody.就就合合作作而而言言，心心理理学学家家指指出出，太太多多合合作作会会导导致致“群群体体思思维维”、“人云亦云人云亦云”或盲目跟风。或盲目跟风。“Group-think”refers to the phenomenon that people obey the groups rules inappropriately.“Yes-man syndrome”refers to the behavior of always saying“yes”to others.uAlthough theres no doubt that a cooperative environment increases the number of ideas,improves the quality of the outcome,and facilitates a better working environment,cooperation must be done in such a way as to protect the integrity of the project at hand.(Para.7)It is certain that a cooperative environment is better for increasing the number of ideas,improving the quality of the outcome,and facilitating a better working environment,but the cooperation should be carried out so as to protect the completeness and purpose of the present project.尽管合作的氛围无疑能集思广益，优化成果，改善工作环尽管合作的氛围无疑能集思广益，优化成果，改善工作环境，但合作必须旨在完成当前项目。境，但合作必须旨在完成当前项目。uSimply put,cooperation is the rule,but objectivity must be maintained.(Para.7)To put it in a simple way,cooperation is the rule,but the standard of objectivity must be maintained.“put”in this sentence means“to express something using words”;for example,“to put it bluntly”,“to put it mildly”or“to put it another way”.简而言之，合作是规则，但得遵从客观现实。简而言之，合作是规则，但得遵从客观现实。uRather than praising one person for a job well done,utilize a team approach to problem solving.(Para.10)Instead of singling out one person for praise for a good job,adopt the view that the problem solving is done by a team.与其称赞一个人的工作完成得漂亮，不如利用一个团队来与其称赞一个人的工作完成得漂亮，不如利用一个团队来解决问题。解决问题。uResearch supports the fact that individuals who have witnessed a cooperative act will“pass it on,”sharing some degree of cooperation with the next person they meet.(Par.11)Research shows that,if people have seen,or been part of,a cooperative act,they will continue to behave in this cooperative way;they may cooperate to some degree with the next person they meet.研究证实：目睹了合作行为的人会把这行为研究证实：目睹了合作行为的人会把这行为“传递传递”下去，下去，和他们遇到的下一个人达成一定程度的合作。和他们遇到的下一个人达成一定程度的合作。“Research supports the fact that”是同位语从句，说是同位语从句，说明明fact的具体内容。的具体内容。uFor your healths sake,experience cooperation.(Para.12)You should cooperate with others for the benefit of your health.为了你的健康，去体验合作。为了你的健康，去体验合作。uMake it a point to notice how much better you feel when you cooperate with others.(Para.12)It is essential to notice the more pleasant feelings when cooperating with others.留意同他人合作给自己带来的乐观情绪。留意同他人合作给自己带来的乐观情绪。WORD STUDYSTRUCTURE