高中英语虚拟语气常考必考知识点总结.pdf

1 高中英语虚拟语气常考必考知识点总结高中英语虚拟语气常考必考知识点总结 单选题 1、Emphasis is laid on the necessity that all the goals to be attained _ into account before starting a new project.Abe takenBshould takeCwould be takenDmust be taken 答案：A 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：我们强调这样做的必要性，即在一项新计划启动之前要考虑到它要达成的所有目标。本题中 that 后的从句为 necessity“必要”的同位语从句，谓语需要用(should)动词原形，should 可以被省略的虚拟语气，句中“目标”和“考虑”是被动关系，故选 A。2、-I cant believe it Tom failed the test again!-He would not be so upset now your advice Awould he followBshould he follow Cdid he followDhad he followed 答案：D 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：我真不敢相信，汤姆又考砸了！如果他听从你的建议，他就不会那么难过了。分析句子可知，本句是对过去时间的虚拟，if 引导的条件句用过去完成时，if 省略 had 提前，句子倒装，所以是 had he followed。故 D 选项正确。小提示：if 虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表：条件从句的谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式 与过去事实相had done would/could/might/should have done 2 反的假设 与现在事实相反的假设 过去时(waswere)would/could/might/should do 与将来事实相反的假设 过去时(waswere);should do;were to do would/could/might/should do 可以判断本句是对过去时间的虚拟，if 引导的条件句用过去完成时，if 省略 had 提前，句子倒装，所以是 had he followed。故 D 选项正确。3、This area has changed a lot.Indeed.But for the anti-poverty policy,people here _ out of poverty.Awouldnt be liftedBwouldnt have been lifted Cwerent liftedDhadnt been lifted 答案：B 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：这个地区发生了很大的变化。的确如此。要不是脱贫政策，这里的人们就不会摆脱贫困。A.wouldnt be lifted 将不会摆脱；B.wouldnt have been lifted 本不会摆脱；C.werent lifted 不会摆脱；D.hadnt been lifted 不会已经摆脱。结合语意，but for 表示“要不是”，lift out of poverty 表示“摆脱贫困”，句子表示要不是脱贫政策，这里的人们摆脱了贫困，句子表示与过去的事实相反，应使用虚拟语气，句子谓语使用would have done 形式。故选 B 项。4、_ for the efforts of medical staff,the spread of the novel coronavirus would not be controlled,which astonishes the whole world.AWere not itBWere it notCHad not it beenDIf it were 答案：B 解析：考查虚拟语气的倒装。句意：要不是医护人员的努力，新型冠状病毒的传播速度不会被控制住,这一点让全世界都很惊叹。此处是省略 if 的虚拟语气，结合主句 would not be controlled 可知与现在事实相反，be 动词 were 放3 在主语 it 前面，故选 B。小提示：If 引导的虚拟语气：1).表示与现在事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+动词一般过去时(Be 动词用 were)主句：主语+should/would/might/could+do：If I were you，I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）2).表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+had+done 主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have done：If I had got there earlier，I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）3).表示与将来事实相反 从句：if+主语+were to doif+主语+should+doif+主语+动词一般过去式（be 动词用 were）主句:主语+should/would/might/could+do:If he should come here tomorrow，I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小，不可能）5、On AIDS Day,the minister of Health Department advised that the problems _ paid special attention to.Areferred to beingBreferred to beCrefer to beingDrefer to be 答案：B 解析：考查非谓语动词和虚拟语气。句意：在艾滋病日，卫生部长建议提到的的这些问题都要被特别关注。分析句子可知，refer to 作后置定语修饰 the problems，the problems 和 refer to 是被动关系，要用过去分词形式；因为主句的谓语动词是 advise，宾语从句用虚拟语气，符合（should）do sth.的结构，should 可以省略，其后 the problems 和 pay attention to 是被动关系，be 动词用原形。故选 B 项。6、Studies show that historical barriers on women acceptance in organizational environments,the development of the company would already be way ahead.4 Awere it not forBif there being no Chadnt it been forDif it is not for 答案：A 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：研究表明，要是在组织环境上没有接受女性的历史障碍，这个公司的发展将会远远在前面。宾语从句中嵌套了一个虚拟语气的条件状语从句。由主句中的“would already be”可知这是一个虚拟语气的句子，根据句意，可以是对现在情况的虚拟也可以是对过去的虚拟。如果是对现在的虚拟，虚拟语气部分可翻译为 if it werent for the historical barriers on women acceptance in organizational environments。如果是对过去的虚拟，虚拟语气部分翻译为 if it had not been for the historical barriers on women acceptance in organizational environments。首先虚拟语气中不可以用 is，必须用 were，排除 D。如果选 B，从句中就会缺少谓语动词。所以这题还考查虚拟语气的省略。当 if 省略时，将 were 或 had 提前，其它成份顺序不变，就分别变为 Were it not for/Had it not been for。故选 A。小提示：if 条件状语从句有真实条件句和非真实条件句。假设条件可以实现的句子为真实条件句，反之为非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。其形式分为以下三种：(1)与过去事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”，主句用“should(would,could,might)+have+过去分词”。(2)与现在事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用过去式，系动词用 were，主句的谓语用“should(would,could,might)+动词原形”。(3)与将来事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用“should(were to)+动词原形”，主句用“should(would,could,might)+动词原形”。有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be 或 have 的虚拟条件句中的连词 if 省去，而将 had,should,were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。这时，如果出现 not 等否定词时需放在主语后面。本题中我们就是从主句先判断出这句话使用虚拟语气，再根据句意判断是对现在、过去还是将来的虚拟。最后考虑倒装的形式是否正确。从形式上看，选项 BD 都是错误的，从倒装格式上看，选项 C 不正确，故选 A。具体分析见详解。7、But for your timely warning,we _ into great trouble.You know were friends.Awould getBmust have gotCwould have gotDhave got 5 答案：C 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是你及时的警告，我们会遇到很大的麻烦。你知道我们是朋友。分析句子可知，but for 表示暗含的某种的条件，是含蓄条件句，主句要用虚拟语气，本句为对过去的虚拟，应用 would have done，故选 C。8、Had electronic computers not been invented,many problems of space flight .Acould not have solvedBcould not be solved Ccan not have been solvedDcould not have been solved 答案：D 解析：考查虚拟条件句。句意：如果没有电子计算机的发明，许多太空飞行的问题是不可能解决的。本句为 if 引导的虚拟条件句，如果含有“were，should，had”时，可省去 if 而将“were，should，had”置于句首，构成倒装句。本句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟。所以主句为：sb would/could/might/should have done。从句谓语动词为：had done。故 D 选项正确。小提示：If 虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表：条件从句的谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式 与过去事实相反的假设 had done would/could/might/should have done 与现在事实相反的假设 过去时(waswere)would/could/might/should do 与将来事实相反的假设 过去时(waswere);should do;were to do would/could/might/should do 本句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟。所以主句为：sb would/could/might/should have done。从句为：sb had done。故 D 选项正确。9、The pianist listened to our request that he _ in public again.6 Awould playBmust playCplayedDplay 答案：D 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：这位钢琴家听从了我们的请求，再次在公众场合演奏。此处为同位语从句，解释说明request 的内容，且 request 表示“请求”时，所接的同位语从句一般用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：(should)+原形动词，should 可省略。故选 D。10、She looks upset.Yes,Id rather I _ her the bad news the other day.Adidnt tellBdont tellChadnt toldDwouldnt tell 答案：C 解析：考查虚拟语气和时态。句意：她看起来心烦意乱。是的，我真希望那天我没有告诉她这个坏消息。Id rather 是 I would rather，would rather 后用虚拟语气，the other day 意为“不久前某一天”，表过去，虚拟语气中时态往过去推一步，因此 would rather 后时态为过去的过去，即过去完成时，即 had done，因此空格处是hadnt told。故选 C。11、You may not have noticed that problem,but you could never withdraw it _ regretful about your decision.Ashould you feelByou should feel Chad you leftDyou had left 答案：A 解析：考查虚拟语气和倒装。句意：你可能没有注意到那个问题，但是如果你对自己的决定感到后悔，你就永远不能收回了。结合语境可知，but 之后的句子是虚拟语气，且是对将来情况的假设，从句应用 should+动词原形，又可省略连词 if 将 should 提前，故从句可表达为 should you feel，故选 A 项。7 小提示：本题考查 if 引导虚拟语气的省略情况 if 引导的虚拟语气中，如从句有 had/should/were 时可省略 if 将它们三个置于句首，例如：If I were you,I would choose to stay at home.=Were I you,I would choose to stay at home.如果我是你，我就会选择呆在家。If you had taken my advice,you could be better now.=Had you taken my advice,you could be better now.如果你听了我的建议，你现在就好多了。If it should snow tomorrow,I would make a snow-man.=should it snow tomorrow,I would make a snow-man.万一明天下雪，我会对一个雪人。12、-Who would you rather _ your graduation ceremony tomorrow,your parents or friends?-All of them.Awill have attendedBhave attended CattendDattended 答案：D 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：你宁愿谁明天来参加你的毕业典礼，父母还是朋友？都来。would rather 后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，与现在和将来事实相反的情况用一般过去时，与过去事实相反的情况用过去完成时；根据 tomorrow 可知此处表与将来事实相反的情况，应用一般过去时。故选 D。13、The Greens travel to India _ enjoyable but Mrs.Green was too particular about the accommodation.Acould beBshould beCmust have beenDcould have been 答案：D 解析：8 考查虚拟语气。句意：格林一家去印度的旅行本可以很享受的，但格林女士对住宿太挑剔了。本句运用了虚拟语气，表示本可以做某事（而未做成），其固定用法是 could have done。故选 D 项。小提示：本题用情态动词+have done 表虚拟，与过去情况相反。could have done 表示“本可以/能够做某事而未做”，反之couldnt have done 表示“本不能某事而做了”。例如：thanks for your help,otherwise I couldnt have passed the test.多亏你的帮助，否则我本不能通过测试的。（已经通过测试）14、_ my foot hurt,I would have taken part in the sports meet.AHad I not gotBIf I did not getCIf I have not gotDHad not I got 答案：A 解析：考查虚拟语气和倒装。句意：如果我的脚没有受伤，我就会参加运动会了。结合语境和下文 would have taken part in 可知，此处为 if 引导的虚拟条件状语从句，与过去的事实相反，从句应用过去完成时 had done；可省略if，将助动词 had 置于主语之前。故选 A。小提示：15、-I went to see The Wandering Earth last night.It was fantastic!-You were so lucky!How I wish I _ the ticket too.AgetBgot Chad gotDwould get 答案：C 解析：考查虚拟语气和时态。句意：昨晚我去看了漫游的地球。真是太棒了！-你太幸运了！我多么希望自己也买到了票。根据句意可知，昨天没有买到票，这是虚拟语气，对过的虚拟，从句使用过去完成时，因此用 had got。9 故选 C。小提示：虚拟语气是高考考点之一，对于虚拟语气，首先要知道虚拟语气的的几种考查情况，if 虚拟条件句，宾语从句，情态动词用于虚拟等。无论哪种情况的虚拟，时态是考点，考生必须准确把握时态。此小题主要考查的是虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用，考查对过去的虚拟。16、If it _ for his invitation the other day,I should not be here now.Ahad not beenBshould not be Cwere notDshould not have been 答案：A 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是那天他的邀请，我现在就不会在这里了。A.had not been（过去完成时）B.should not be（情态动词）C.were not（一般过去时态）D.should not have been（should not have done 不应该做，但是做了）。主句“I should not be here now.”表达的是与现在事实相反的情况；而根据 if 从句中表示过去的时间状语“the other day 前些日子”可知，此处表达的应该是与过去事实相反的情况，所以要使用过去完成时。故选 A 项。17、An order came that all the army supply _ to the front before daybreak.Abe sent Bshould sendCwere sentDshould have sent 答案：A 解析：考查虚拟语气和语态。句意：在黎明前所有的军队补给必须送到前线的命令已经下达。order 意为“命令”，that引导的从句作其同位语，从句的谓语动词用“（should+）动词原形”；根据句意可知应用被动语态，故选 A 项。18、His expression suggested that he _the invitation and he suggested full preparations _.Ahad accepted;would be madeBaccepted;be made 10 Chas accepted;makeDhad accepted;be made 答案：D 解析：考查动词时态和虚拟语气。句意：他的表情表明他接受了邀请，他建议应该充分做准备。suggest 作“暗示，表明”讲时，后面接陈述语句，根据句意可知，第一空的动作发生在 suggested 之前，表示“过去的过去”作，用过去完成时，故排除 B、C 项；suggest 作“建议”讲时，宾语从句用虚拟语气，动词用 should+动词原形，should 可以省略，主语 full preparations 与谓语动词 make 是被动关系，故用 should be made，should 省略。故选 D。19、The government demanded that we _ for a state school system-whether we used it or not.ApayBpaid Chad paidDhave paid 答案：A 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：政府要求我们为国家教育体系付钱，不管我们使用还是没有使用。demand 意思为要求，后接宾语从句的时候，从句需用虚拟语气 should do，should 可以省略，陈述一般事实，故用一般现在时，故选A。20、Dont you think it is time you _ the plan?It is_ the managers wanted to see_ soon.Aset out discussing;that;to be carried out Bshould set about discussing;that;to carry out Cshould set out to discuss;what;to be carried out Dset about discussing,what;carried out 答案：D 解析：11 考查虚拟语气、连接词和非谓语动词。句意：你不认为该开始讨论这个计划了吗？这是经理们希望看到尽快实施的事情。第一空中 It is time 后的定语从句用虚拟语气，从句谓语通常用过去式表示现在或将来，其意为“(早)该干某事了”。且短语 set about doing sth.“开始做某事”，故第一空应填 set about discussing；第二空为表语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，指事情，故应用 what；第三空分析句子结构可知 carry out 在句中做非谓语动词，与逻辑主语 plan 构成被动关系，故用过去分词 carried out。故选 D。小提示：It is time 后的定语从句用虚拟语气 从句谓语通常用过去式表示现在或将来，有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(较少见，且 should 不能省略)，其意为“(早)该干某事了”。如：I think its time you went to bed.我想你该睡觉了。Its time we went were going,should go.我们该走了。I think its time they were taught a lesson.我想现在该给他们一点教训了。注：time 前有时有 about 和 high 修饰：I think its high time that she made up her mind.我想她该拿定主意了。与其他的虚拟结构不同，该结构不能在该用 was 时而用 were。如：Its time I was in bed.我该上床睡了。(不用 were)21、But for the fact that he the truth,he for a weeks imprisonment.Adidnt know;would be.Bhadnt known;might have punished.Cdidnt know;would have been punished.Dhadnt know；could be punished 答案：C 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是因为他不知道真相，他会受到一周监禁的惩罚。他不知道真相是过去的事实，应12 用陈述语气 didnt know；that he didnt know the truth 为 fact 的同位语。根据 but for可知，整句是对过去的虚拟，第二空应用 would/could/might/should+have done 的形式。根据句意，他应该受到惩罚，应用被动语态，故选 C。22、He was in great trouble,but he behaved as if nothing_ Awas happeningBhas happened ChappenedDhad happened 答案：D 解析：考查时态。句意：他遇到了很大的麻烦，但他表现得若无其事。此处 as if“好像”，引导方式状语从句，是虚拟语气，与过去的事实相反，句子用过去完成时态，故选 D。23、-Where have you been?-I _ in the heavy traffic.Otherwise,I _ here earlier.Agot stuck;would have comeBgot stuck;was Chave got stuck;would have comeDhad got stuck;would come 答案：A 解析：考查时态和虚拟。句意：你去哪了？我刚在路上堵车了。不然我早就应该到了。结合问句句意可知问得是过去，要是用一般过去时，答句中出现了 otherwise 引，为含蓄虚拟语气，表示与过去的事实相反，用 would have done 的结构。故选 A 项。24、It is_ that he should have failed to win the race.AcertainBwonderCcuriousDmess 答案：C 13 解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他竟然没有赢得比赛，这是很不寻常的。A.certain 确信的；有把握的；B.wonder神奇的；C.curious 好奇的；D.mess 凌乱。结合句意可知，it 为形式主语，真正主语为之后从句，且从句结构为：that+主语+should+V 原形，且句中含有“竟然”之意，应是考查虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用，即：It is strange/curious that.(should)do。结合句意可知，对于他没有赢得比赛感到不寻常。故选 C 项。小提示：虚拟语气用于主语从句 It is amazing(strange,curious,surprising,astonishing,a pity,a shame)以及 I am surprised(sorry)和 I regret 等结构后的 that 从句中有时也用 should，表示说话人的惊异、懊悔、失望等情感，常含有“竟然”之意：Its strange that he should be so rude.他竟如此无礼，真是奇怪。Im surprised that he should have failed.他竟然失败了，这使我很吃惊。比如本题，通过句意理解可知，表达了对他没有赢得比赛的惊异，含有“竟然”之意。因此结合虚拟语气用于主语从句句式可知，应选 curious：It is curious that he should have failed to win the race.(他竟然没有赢得比赛，这是很奇怪的)25、It is important that we _ the window before we leave.Ashall closeBwill closeCmust closeDclose 答案：D 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：我们离开前关上窗户是很重要的。诸如 necessary、important、impossible、natural、strange、surprising、funny、right、wrong、better、a pity、the shame、no wonder 等表情绪、观点的形容词或名词要用虚拟语气，符合“It is.that+主语从句”的结构，从句的谓语动 词常用“should+动词原形”，且 should 的省略要看情况而定。句中表示建议的语气，should 可以省略。故选 D 项。26、-I was scolded for my wrong judgment.14 -If only you the issue more thought.AgaveBwould giveChave givenDhad given 答案：D 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：-我由于错误的判断而受到责备。-假如你能再做多一些思考就好了。根据“If only.和was scolded”可知，此句是对过去的虚拟语气。If only 从句与过去事实相反，故选 D。小提示：if only 中的虚拟语气。if only:常常用来表示强烈的愿望，因为用于虚拟语句时和 wish 类似，表达强烈的遗憾或与真实条件不符的愿望。因而使用起来的形式与 wish 相同。表示与将来情况不同：if only 从句主语would(could,might)+动词原形，eg：If only she would try again.我希望她能再试一次 表示与现在情况不同：if only从句主语动词过去式，eg：If only I wasnt going to London.我希望我没去过伦敦.表达与过去情况不同：if only从句主语would/could have/had过去分词，eg：If only you had come to my birthday party.你要是来了我的生日晚会就好了。27、But for the rescue teams efforts,more lives _ in the wreck accident.Awould be claimedBshould have claimed Cwould have claimedDcould have been claimed 答案：D 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是团队的努力，更多人的就会在这次失事事故中丧生。分析句子可知，句子为过去时态，更多人本会在失事事故中丧生，与过去事实相反，用情态动词 could+have done 结构表示，又因为 lives15 与 claim 之间存在逻辑是的动宾关系，用被动语态，所以填 could have been claimed。故选 D 项。28、-Your head teacher is really a thoughtful man.-Exactly.If he_,he _ me in todays class before all my classmates.Aisnt;would punishBwasnt;would punish Chadnt;would have punishedDwerent;would have punished 答案：D 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：你的班主任真是个有思想的人。完全正确。如果他不是，他就会在今天的课上当着所有同学面前惩罚我。此处是 if 引导的虚拟语气，与过去的事实相反，故选 D。小提示：If 引导的虚拟语气：1).表示与现在事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+动词一般过去时(Be 动词用 were)主句：主语+should/would/might/could+do：If I were you，I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）2).表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+had+done 主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have done：If I had got there earlier，I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）3).表示与将来事实相反 从句：if+主语+were to doif+主语+should+doif+主语+动词一般过去式（be 动词用 were）主句:主语+should/would/might/could+do:If he should come here tomorrow，I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小，不可能）29、How I wish I_her some help when he asked me to.16 AgaveBdid giveCcould have givenDhave given 答案：C 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：我多么希望在他要求我帮助她的时候我能给她一些帮助。wish 的虚拟语气，对过去发生的事情表示遗憾或后悔时：主语wish(that)从句主语would/could have过去分词。故选 C。30、They demand that we _ the task on time.AaccomplishBwill accomplishCaccomplishedDhad accomplished 答案：A 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：他们要求我们按时完成任务。动词 demand 作“要求”之意时，后接宾语从句，从句用should+动词原形的虚拟语气，should 可以省略。故选 A。31、If it_ for the joint efforts made by the whole nation,we couldnt have contained the coronavirus in such a short time.Ahadnt been.Bshouldnt have been.Chasnt been.Dwouldnt be.答案：A 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果没有全国人民的共同努力，我们不可能在这么短的时间内遏制住冠状病毒。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他；主句：主语+should(would,could,might)+现在完成时+其他。故选 A。32、My brother lent me the money,_I couldnt have afforded the trip AFurthermoreBOtherwise CMoreoverDNevertheless 17 答案：B 解析：本题考查副词辨析。句意：我哥借钱给我了，否则我不可能有能力支付这旅行的费用。A.furthermore 还有；B.otherwise 否则；C.moreover 还有；D.nevertheless 然而。根据句意可知，这里含有对过去情况假设的虚拟语气，用 otherwise 相当于“if my brother hadnt lent me the money（要是我哥没有借钱给我）”。故选 B。33、I missed the chance to meet the movie star in the flesh.How I wish I _ ill yesterday！Adidnt fallBwerent fallingChadnt fallenDhavent fallen 答案：C 解析：本题考查虚拟语气。解题步骤：1).确定虚拟语气：wish 后面接宾语从句的时候用虚拟语气；2).确定时态：根据空后 yesterday 可知，此处描述的是对过去动作的虚拟，和过去相反的动作用过去完成时。句意：我错过了与这位电影明星见面的机会。我多么希望昨天没有生病啊！故选 C。34、The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free.Adid;setBhad done;must be set Cs