初中英语基本语法结构详解.docx

英语词性缩写n = 名词，noun的缩写u = 不可数名词，uncountable noun的缩写c = 可数名词，countable noun的缩写v = 动词， verb的缩写vi = 不及物动词，intransitive verb的缩写vt = 及物动词，transitive verb的缩写aux.v = 助动词 ，auxiliary verb的缩写model verb情态动词conj = 连接词 ，conjunction的缩写adj. = 形容词，adjective的缩写adv.= 副词，adverb的缩写art. = 冠词，article的缩写prep = 介词；preposition的缩写pron = 代名词，pronoun的缩写num = 数词，numeral的缩写int. = 感叹词，interjection的缩写英文基本句式介绍:五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。这五个基本句式如下：S十V主谓结构S十V十P主系表结构S十V十O主谓宾结构S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构(说明：S主语；V谓语；P表语；O宾语；O1间接宾语；O2直接宾语；C补语)S十V在此句式中，V是不及物动词，又叫自动词(vi)。例如：He runs quickly他跑得快。They listened carefully他们听得很仔细。He suffered from cold and hunger他挨冻受饿。China belongs to the third world country中国属于第三世界国家。The gas has given out煤气用完了。My ink has run out我的钢笔水用完了。S十V十P在此句式中，V是系动词(link v)，常见的系动词有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等。例如：He is older than he looks他比看上去要老。He seen interested in the book他似乎对这本书感兴趣。The story sounds interesting这个故事听起来有趣。The desk feels hard书桌摸起来很硬。The cake tastes nice饼尝起来很香。The flowers smell sweet and nice花闻起来香甜。You have grown taller than before你长得比以前高了。He has suddenly fallen ill他突然病倒了。He stood quite still他静静地站看。He becomes a teacher when he grew up他长大后当了教师。He could never turn traitor to his country他永远不会背叛他的祖国。S十V十O在此句式中，V是及物动词(vt)，因此有宾语。例如：I saw a film yesterday我昨天看了一部电影。Have you read the story?你读过这个故事吗?They found their home easily他们很容易找到他们的家。They built a house last year他们去年建了一所房子。Theyve put up a factory in the village他们在村里建了一座工厂。They have taken good care of the children这些孩子他们照看得很好。You should look after your children well你应该好好照看你的孩子。S十V十O1十O2在此句式中，V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get；rob，warn等。例如：He gave me a book/a book to me他给我一本书。He brought me a pen/a pen to me他带给我一枝钢笔。He offered me his seat/his seat to me他把座位让给我。注意下边动词改写后介词的变化：Mother bought me a book/a book for me.妈妈给我买了一本书。He got me a chair/a chair for me他给我弄了一把椅子。Please do me a favor/a favor for me请帮我一下。He asked me a question/a question of me他问我个问题。注意，下边动词只有一种说法：They robbed the old man of his money他们抢了老人的钱。Hes warned me of the danger.他警告我注意危险。The doctor has cured him of his disease医生治好了他的病。We must rid the house of the rats我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。They deprived him of his right to speak他们剥夺了他说话的权利。S十V十O十C在此句式中，V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词,请看下面的例子。They made the girl angry他们使这个女孩生气了。They found her happy that day他们发现那天她很高兴。I found him out我发现他出去了。I saw him in我见他在家。They saw a foot mark in the sand他们发现沙地上有脚印。They named the boy Charlie他们给这个男孩起名为查理。I saw him come in and go out我见他进来又出去。They felt the car moving fast他们感到汽车行驶得很快。I heard the glass broken just now我刚才听到玻璃碎了。