高考完形填空解题要素.pptx

一、注意题材和体裁一、注意题材和体裁体裁体裁 题材题材 记叙文记叙文 人物故事人物故事 说明文说明文 信息报道信息报道 论说文论说文 人文理念人文理念最近几年高考英语完形填最近几年高考英语完形填空题的命题趋向如下空题的命题趋向如下:1.短文内容较前些年短文内容较前些年“逻辑性逻辑性”进一步加强，文章结构更加进一步加强，文章结构更加严谨，层次相当分明。严谨，层次相当分明。2.文体由前些年的单一体裁向文体由前些年的单一体裁向多样化，多元化方向转变。多样化，多元化方向转变。3.3.近年高考英语完形填空题所近年高考英语完形填空题所选短文的英语语言难度略低于同选短文的英语语言难度略低于同等水平要求的阅读理解试题。等水平要求的阅读理解试题。4.4.高考英语完形填空题备选答高考英语完形填空题备选答案形式相对统一等。案形式相对统一等。二、二、完形填空完形填空解题分析要素解题分析要素1.1.通读全文理解要旨通读全文理解要旨2.2.通过语境区别词义通过语境区别词义3.3.根据上下文逻辑意义推理根据上下文逻辑意义推理4.4.根据后文提示推理根据后文提示推理5.5.根据文化背景知识及生活常识判断根据文化背景知识及生活常识判断6.6.掌握词组和固定搭配掌握词组和固定搭配7.7.善于捕捉信息词语善于捕捉信息词语8.8.根据全文推理根据全文推理高考完型填空高考完型填空4注意注意1、阅读带有情感色彩和人生启迪的、阅读带有情感色彩和人生启迪的文章。英语学习不仅是背诵单词，做文章。英语学习不仅是背诵单词，做阅读练习，它应是心灵的净化，文化阅读练习，它应是心灵的净化，文化的沟通，文明的传递。的沟通，文明的传递。2、重视语篇学习，构建语篇意识。、重视语篇学习，构建语篇意识。在做完型填空练习题时，在把握整体在做完型填空练习题时，在把握整体的前提下，充分利用上下文，选择最的前提下，充分利用上下文，选择最佳选项的能力。佳选项的能力。3、正确理解语境的含义。语境、正确理解语境的含义。语境context在英文中指在英文中指“某事或某物发某事或某物发生的环境或应该考虑到的环境或背景生的环境或应该考虑到的环境或背景”，语境大致可分为四个层次，语境大致可分为四个层次:指空指空格前后的单词、词组和句子；空格前格前后的单词、词组和句子；空格前后的细节内容；全文的结构和主旨大后的细节内容；全文的结构和主旨大意；作者的背景，写作思路，态度观意；作者的背景，写作思路，态度观点。尤其是后两者，只有正确理解了点。尤其是后两者，只有正确理解了语境的完整含义，才能做出准确地选语境的完整含义，才能做出准确地选择。择。4、在做完型练习时，不要、在做完型练习时，不要盲目填空，步骤盲目填空，步骤1、浏览全、浏览全文，掌握主旨；步骤文，掌握主旨；步骤2、瞻、瞻前顾后，试选答案；步骤前顾后，试选答案；步骤3、复核全文，弥补疏漏。、复核全文，弥补疏漏。（一）整体理解把握要义（一）整体理解把握要义例例1(20061(2006全国卷全国卷-1-1）Sometimes one should consider 54 the line(常规)and enjoy 55 to the fullest.54.A.following B.keeping C.limiting D.crossing55.A.life B.wine C.lunch D.time解析解析 本文的主题是通过重要情节得出结论：本文的主题是通过重要情节得出结论：54.游游人人将将餐餐桌桌放放在在海海水水里里这这一一别别出出心心裁裁的的浪浪漫漫举举动，破了常规：动，破了常规：cross the line。55夏日去海滨就是要享受生活夏日去海滨就是要享受生活enjoy life。译文译文有时候我需要打破常规，尽情享受生活。有时候我需要打破常规，尽情享受生活。_ 例例22（20062006天津卷）天津卷）I work as a volunteer(志志 愿愿 者者)for an organization that helps the poor in Haiti.Recently I took my son Barrett there for a week,hoping to 16 him.16.A.comfort B.please C.attract D.educate 解解析析 父父亲亲的的用用心心是是希希望望通通过过做做志志愿愿者者帮帮助助穷穷人人达达到到教教育育（educate）儿儿子子的的目目的的。后后面面的的故故事事围绕此中心。围绕此中心。译译文文 作作为为一一个个组组织织的的志志愿愿者者在在海海地地工工作作，帮帮助助那那里里的的穷穷人人。最最近近我我带带儿儿子子巴巴热热特特到到那那里里待待一一周周时间，是希望对他进行教育。时间，是希望对他进行教育。首段首句预测本文要义首段首句预测本文要义_（二）通过语境情景中词义分辨（二）通过语境情景中词义分辨例例1（2007北京卷北京卷-第第1段）段）Every year,our school has a dance for all the students.Its a little funny seeing friends in clean shoes and trousers or colorful 36 ,instead of the usual school uniform.36.A.shapes B.dresses C.flowers D.pictures 解解析析 shapes 形形状状；dresses 服服装装；flowers 花花朵朵；pictures 图画。图画。译译文文 每每年年我我们们学学校校都都为为全全体体学学生生举举行行舞舞会会。有有点点意意思思的的是是看看见见朋朋友友们们穿穿着着干干净净的的鞋鞋裤裤，或或是是鲜鲜艳的衣服，而不是通常穿的校服。艳的衣服，而不是通常穿的校服。_ 例例22（2007湖北卷-末段）In his letter,he thanked me again and 59 me that,from then on,all their buses would stop at my service station.In this 60 ,a little bit of kindness was rewarded with a huge amount of benefits.59.A.praised B.persuaded C.informed D.convinced60.A.lesson B.business C.aspect D.case解析解析 59.praised 赞扬；赞扬；persuaded 劝说；劝说；convinced 使信服；使信服；inform：正式通知，告之。：正式通知，告之。60.in this case:那样的话那样的话译译文文 在在他他的的信信中中，他他再再次次感感谢谢我我并并通通知知我我，从从此此他他们们的的所所有有公公交交车车辆辆全全都都在在我我的的服服务务站站停停放放。那那样的话，一个小的善举被报以一笔巨大的利润。样的话，一个小的善举被报以一笔巨大的利润。_ 例例33 2007上海卷(A)-第4段 People who are well-adjusted are able to 53 stress situations better than others.That is one reason why so much care is taken in 54 our astronauts.These men undergo a long period of testing and training.One of the things tested is their behavior under stress.53.A.handle B.create C.affect D.investigate54.A.becoming B.choosing C.ordering D.promoting 解解析析 53handle 掌掌控控，应应对对；create 创创造造；affect 影影响响；investigate 调调研研。54choose 选选拔拔；become 成成为为；order 命令；命令；promote 提拔。提拔。译译文文 善善于于调调整整的的人人往往往往比比其其他他人人更更有有能能力力应应对对有有压压力力的的境境遇遇。这这就就是是为为什什么么选选拔拔宇宇航航员员需需要要如如此此细细致致的的原原因因之之一一。这这些些人人长长期期经经受受测测试试与与训训练练，测测试试的的其其中中一一项项就就是他们在压力之下的行为。是他们在压力之下的行为。_(三三)根据前后文段提示推理根据前后文段提示推理 例例1 1（20072007湖北卷湖北卷-第第6 6段）段）About a month later,I received a 55 from Interstate,a large bus company that we had been trying to 56 to stop off at our roadhouse for a long time.It 57 out that the young fellow I had helped was its general manager,the most 58 person in the company.55.A.call B.letter C.check D.notice56.A.get B.force C.require D.hope57.A.pointed B.turned C.worked D.found58.A.generous B.successful C.serious D.powerful_解解析析 55根根据据下下文文：In his letter,he thanked again可可知应选知应选letter。答案为。答案为B。56根根据据下下文文：,all their buses would stop at my service station.得得知知作作者者一一直直在在争争取取这这家家大大型型汽汽车车公公司司的的车车辆辆能能在在他他的的roadhouse长长时时间间停停放放。get表表“得得到到”这个机会。答案为这个机会。答案为A。57 It turned out that结果证明。答案为结果证明。答案为B。58根根据据前前文文：the young fellow I had helped was its general manager可可知知这这位位年年轻轻人人是是总总经经理理，所所以以有有权权力力。答案为答案为D。译译文文 大大约约一一个个月月以以后后，我我收收到到了了Interstate，一一家家大大型型汽汽车车公公司司寄寄来来的的一一封封信信。这这正正是是我我们们一一直直在在争争取取的的在在我我们们的的roadhouseroadhouse长长时时间间停停车车的的那那个个公公司司。结结果果证证明明那那个个我我曾曾经经帮帮助助过过的的年年轻轻人人就就是是该该公公司司的的总总经经理理，在在公公司司里里有有最大的权力。最大的权力。（四）了解上下文逻辑关系推理（四）了解上下文逻辑关系推理例例1（2007江苏卷江苏卷-第第2段）段）“When the Atlanta was under 37 in 1979,we were a new company struggling to make it.National Car Rental wanted to have 2,500 square meters of dirt paved 38 the car could be on site 39 the airport opened,and the official opening was only ten days away!40 other local paving company wanted to do the job,41 it couldnt be done in such a short time.”37.A.construction B.repair C.control D.development38.A.after B.as C.for D.so39.A.while B.since C.where D.when40.A.Some B.Any C.No D.Every41.A.stating B.reporting C.telling D.warning_ 解解析析 37固固定定词词组组under construction:在在建建设设/施施工工中中；答答案案为为 A。38so：这这样样/那那样样；表表示示结结果果和和一一种种顺顺承承关关系系。答答案案为为D。39when：当当。时时；引引导导时时间间状状语语从从句句。答答案案为为D。40离离机机场场正正式式开开放放只只有有几几天天，所所以以没没有有任任何何公公司司愿愿意意承承接接此此项项工工程程。No:没没有有；在在此此表表因因果果关关系系。答答案案为为C。41state 表表明明，声声明明；report 报报告告；tell 诉诉说说；warn提提醒醒。根根据据句句意意，选选state，较较为为正正式的表示不可能在这么短的时间里将路修好。式的表示不可能在这么短的时间里将路修好。译译文文 19791979年年亚亚特特兰兰大大正正在在施施工工中中时时，我我们们的的一一个个新新公公司司当当时时正正奋奋战战承承接接这这项项工工程程。国国立立汽汽车车租租赁赁公公司司想想铺铺一一条条2 2，500500平平方方米米的的泥泥路路，这这样样当当机机场场开开放放时时汽汽车车才才能能到到达达场场地地。离离正正式式开开放放时时间间只只有有1010天天！当当地地没没有有别别的的铺铺路路公公司司愿愿意意承承接接此此项项工工程，表示在这么段的时间内不可能完工。程，表示在这么段的时间内不可能完工。例2 （2007上海卷-（A）-第1段）Being alone in outer space can be frightening.That is one reason why astronauts on solo(单独的)space flights were given plenty of work to keep them 45 .They were also in constant communication with people on the earth.46 ,being with people from whom you cannot get away might be even harder than being alone.45.A.tired B.asleep C.conscious D.busy46.A.So far B.After all C.However D.Therefore_因果因果转折转折解解析析 上上下下文文之之间间的的承承接接词词语语，表表示示因因果果、转转折折、递进等逻辑关系。递进等逻辑关系。45根根据据前前文文中中的的plenty of work大大量量的的工工作作会会使使他他们们很很忙忙而而不不会会孤孤独独。而而不不是是“劳劳累累”，“困困倦倦”，“知觉知觉”。46前后为转折关系。前后为转折关系。译译文文 孤孤独独在在外外空空间间会会感感到到恐恐惧惧。那那就就是是为为什什么么在在单单独独空空间间站站给给宇宇航航员员大大量量工工作作，让让他他们们不不断断忙忙碌碌的的一一个个原原因因。尽尽管管他他们们还还要要不不断断地地与与地地面面人人员员交交流流，然然而而与与离离不不开开的的人人在在一一起起也也许许比比孤孤独独更更不不容易。容易。例例3 3（20072007上海卷上海卷-(B)-(B)）One topic is rarely mentioned in all the talk of improving standards in our schools,the almost complete failure of foreign-language teaching.As a French graduate who has taught for more than twenty-five years,I believe I have some idea of why the failure is so total.55 the faults already found out in the education system as a whole-such as child-centered learning,the“discovery”method,and the low expectations by teachers of pupil-there have been several serious 56 which have a direct effect on language teaching.55.A.Due to B.In addition to C.Instead of D.In spite of56.A.errors B.situations C.systems D.methods_解析解析 中中心心大大意意：The almost complete failure of foreign-language teaching55due to 由由于于；in addition to 加加之之；instead of 替替代代；in spite of 尽尽管管。in addition to 表表示示“进进一一步步补补充充”。根根据据the faults already found out 和和there have been several serious errors可可知知前前后后意意义义并并列列，添添加加关关系系。in addition to在在此此处处起起承承接接作用。作用。56errors 错错误误；situations 境境遇遇；systems 体体系系；methods 方方法法。errors（差差错错）与与上上句句中中的的 faults（缺陷）有并列意义（缺陷）有并列意义.译文译文 在在我我校校提提高高标标准准的的所所有有座座谈谈中中有有一一个个话话题题是是很很少少提提及及的的：外外语语教教学学几几乎乎是是彻彻底底失失败败。作作为为有有25年年之之久久教教龄龄的的一一个个法法语语系系大大学学毕毕业业生生，我我知知道道外外语语教教学学为为什什么么失失败败那那么么惨惨。再再有有就就是是，已已经经存存在在于于整整个个教教育育体体系系当当中中的的缺缺陷陷，诸诸如如以以孩孩子子为为中中心心的的学学习习；“发发现现”学学习习方方法法；教教师师对对所所教教学学生生期期望望不不高高-直直接接影影响响外外语语教教学学的的几几种种严严重重问问题题依然存在。依然存在。(五五)善于捕捉信息词语善于捕捉信息词语 例例1 1 （20072007江苏卷江苏卷-第第1 1段）段）Carolyn Stradley is the founder of C&S Paving Inc.(铺路公司)in Atlanta,USA.In the following account,she recalls the job that challenged her 36 and skill but left her flying high.36.A.kindness B.patience C.imagination D.experience_例例2 2（20072007江苏卷江苏卷-第第5 5段）段）“Those ten days were filled with challenges that 53 one creative idea after another.Nine days later,the night before the airport opened,National Car Rental was the 54 company that had cars on the parking lot.”53.A.required B.mixed C.followed D.formed54.A.best B.last C.second D.only_解析解析 36信信息息词词语语是是其其后后的的and skill，与与之之并并列列意意义义。以以及及第第5段段文文字字里里提提到到的的一一个个又又一一个个创创新新思思想想。Creative(创创造造性性)与与imagination（想想象象力力）在在意意义上相通。义上相通。53根根据据上上下下文文可可知知这这项项工工作作需需要要(required)创创造造性的想法。性的想法。54.上上文文提提到到在在十十天天之之内内完完成成了了任任务务，只只有有National Car Rental做到了。应选做到了。应选only。译文译文 第第1段段：Carolyn Stradley 是是美美国国亚亚特特兰兰大大C&S铺铺路路公公司司的的创创始始人人。在在下下面面的的叙叙述述中中，她她回回想想起起那那项项工工作作，对对他他的的想想象象力力和和技技能能都都是是一一次次挑挑战战。然然而，这使她得以腾达。而，这使她得以腾达。(六六)掌握词组和固定搭配掌握词组和固定搭配例例1（2007全国卷全国卷I-末段）末段）One day,the girl 52 into the plane,started it and soon left the 53.Seeing their mother take to the air,the birds 54 flapped(拍拍打打)their wings and 55 .She flew the plane freely in the sky,her young birds following.52.A.climbed B.looked C.reached D.fell53.A.house B.floor C.water D.ground54.A.secretly B.disappointedly C.patiently D.eagerly55.A.looked away B.set out C.went by D.turned back_解析解析52 climb into the plane 爬进飞机。爬进飞机。53 left the ground 离开地面。离开地面。54the birds eagerly flapped their wings 鹅鸟们急切地拍打翅膀。鹅鸟们急切地拍打翅膀。55set out 起飞。起飞。译译文文 一一天天，小小姑姑娘娘爬爬进进飞飞机机，发发动动飞飞机机很很快快就就离离开开地地面面。鹅鹅鸟鸟们们看看到到妈妈妈妈飞飞上上天天空空，鹅鹅鸟鸟们们急急切切地地拍拍打打翅翅膀膀，随随之之起起飞飞。她她驾驾机机在在天天空空中中自自由由飞飞翔，她的幼鹅们紧随其后。翔，她的幼鹅们紧随其后。例2 （2007北京卷-第6段）例例2 （2007北京卷北京卷-第第6段）段）Angela was as good as her 43 .In the afternoon she went to see the school headmaster who agreed to give the 44 some more thoughts.And he suggested that one 45 for having a band was to increase the price of each ticket from$5 to$10.Angela had to 46 out whether the students would like to do that.43.A.look B.behavior C.mind D.word44.A.schedule B.situation C.view D.action45.A.possibility B.concern C.decision D.chance46.A.call B.find C.carry D.point_解析解析43as good as ones word：说到做到。：说到做到。44to give the situation some more thoughts 对这个情况再考虑考虑。对这个情况再考虑考虑。45校长建议提高票价的可能性校长建议提高票价的可能性(possibility)。46应应选选find out搞搞清清楚楚。其其他他选选项项不不符符合合文文意意。call out 大声呼唤；大声呼唤；carry out 执行；执行；point out 指出。指出。译译文文 Angela 说说到到做做到到。下下午午就就去去见见了了校校长长。校校长长同同意意对对这这个个情情况况再再考考虑虑考考虑虑。他他建建议议需需要要提提高高入入场场票票价价，由由每每张张5元元提提到到10元元，这这样样才才有有可可能能请请到到乐乐队队。Angela只只好好去去弄弄清清楚楚学学生生们们是是不不是是想想这么做。这么做。例例3 3（20072007山东卷）山东卷）Communication is making a 47 for discussion and talking about how you feel as opposed to just saying what the other person did wrong.47.A.space B.plan C.topic D.room解析解析 make a space for：为。留有空间。为。留有空间。as opposed to sth：to compare two things and show that they are different from each othereg.Students discuss ideas,as opposed to just copying from books.学学生生们们讨讨论论意意见见，而而不不是是仅仅仅抄书本上的东西。仅抄书本上的东西。译译文文 交交流流就就是是为为讨讨论论留留有有余余地地，谈谈谈谈你你的的感感受受，而不是仅仅说别人做的错事。而不是仅仅说别人做的错事。_(七七)根据文化背景知识和生活常识推理根据文化背景知识和生活常识推理例例1（2006全国卷全国卷-1）On a hot summer day in late August,I sought shade and a cool drink at a waterfront caf on a Greek island.Over a hundred degree in 36 air.Crowded.Temper of both the tourists and waiters had 37 to meet the situation,making it a rather quarrelsome environment.36.A.fresh B.cool C.still D.thin37.A.managed B.expected C.attempted D.risen_解析解析 根据生活常识来判断根据生活常识来判断 36在在八八月月的的盛盛夏夏高高温温天天气气，空空气气应应该该是是停停滞滞的的。应选应选still。37在在如如此此拥拥挤挤焦焦躁躁的的环环境境下下，很很自自然然，人人们们的的脾气都见涨。应选脾气都见涨。应选risen。译译文文八八月月末末的的一一个个炎炎炎炎夏夏日日，在在希希腊腊岛岛面面临临大大海海的的咖咖啡啡屋屋，我我找找阴阴凉凉和和冷冷饮饮。超超过过华华氏氏百百度度的的高高温温，空空气气停停滞滞，拥拥挤挤不不堪堪。在在这这种种情情形形下下游游客客和和服服务务生生的的脾脾气气见见涨涨，极极容容易易引引发发发发火火的的环境。环境。（八）根据全文整体理解推理（八）根据全文整体理解推理例例1（2007 江苏卷第江苏卷第6段）段）“The key to our success was having the 55 to take on any job and then being creative in our approach to getting it done.”55.A.courage B.interest C.hope D.chance 解解析析 全全篇篇描描述述该该公公司司承承接接铺铺路路工工程程的的经经过过以以及及在在施施工工中中如如何何克克服服遇遇到到的的种种种种困困难难挑挑战战。读读者者可可领略到面临挑战需要勇气。领略到面临挑战需要勇气。译译文文 第第6 6段段：成成功功之之关关键键是是承承担担任任何何工工作作要要有有勇气，然后是在方法上有创新来做好它。勇气，然后是在方法上有创新来做好它。_ 55通通过过文文章章开开头头及及全全篇篇理理解解：她她们们面面临临如如此此多多的的挑挑战战承承接接这这样样艰艰巨巨的的任任务务，可可结结论论性性地地判判断断，成成功功之之关关键键是是勇勇气气(courage)；而不是兴趣、希望和机会。；而不是兴趣、希望和机会。第第1段段：She recalls the job that challenged her imagination and skill but left her flying high.她她回回想想起起那那项项工工作作，对对他他的的想想象象力力和和技技能能都是一次挑战。然而，这使她得以腾达。都是一次挑战。然而，这使她得以腾达。第第2段段：National Car Rental wanted to have 2,500 square meters of dirt paved so the car could be on site when the airport opened,and the official opening was only ten days away!No other local paving company wanted to do the job,stating it couldnt be done in such a short time.”十十天天内内铺铺就就2，500平平方方米米泥泥路路；没没有有一一家家公公司司愿愿意意承承接接词词项项工工程程。（面面临临艰艰难难挑挑战）战）第第3段段：We also reminded them that if we failed,they would be no worse off,but they had plenty to gain if we succeeded.我我们们还还提提醒醒他他们们如如果果没没有有完完成成，他他们们所所面面临临的的状状况况绝绝不不会会更更糟糟,而而如如果果我我们们干干成成了，他们就可大大获利。（分析情况）了，他们就可大大获利。（分析情况）第第4段段：We got the job and immediately went into action （.）我我们们得得到到这这个个项项目目立立即即动动工工。（包包括括为为夜夜间间施施工工租租发发电电机机照照明明；，挑挑战战浇浇湿湿混混凝凝土土；租租用用洒洒水水车车、消消防防水水笼笼带带，并并亲亲自自浇浇水等。）水等。）第第5段段：“Those ten days were filled with challenges that required one creative idea after another.Nine days later,the night before the airport opened,National Car Rental was the only company that had cars on the parking lot.”十十天天的的那那些些日日子子里里充充满满挑挑战战，而而挑挑战战需需要要一一个个又又一一个个的的创创新新思思想想。九九天天后后，就就是是在在机机场场开开放放的的前前一一个个夜夜晚晚，国国立立汽汽车车租租赁赁公公司成了唯一一家在停车场驻足的公司。司成了唯一一家在停车场驻足的公司。例例2 2（20072007山东卷山东卷-第第1 1段）段）Life is filled with challenges.As we get older we 36 realize that those challenges are the very things that 37 us and make us who we are.It is the same with the challenges that come with 38 .36.A.seem to B.come to C.hope to D.try to37.A.design B.promote C.direct D.shape38.A.confidence B.pressure C.friendship D.difficulty_解解析析 通通读读全全篇篇，整整体体理理解解。第第1段段是是文文章章的的中中心心思想。思想。36逐渐认识到，应选用逐渐认识到，应选用come to。37塑造我们自己，应选用塑造我们自己，应选用shape。38根根据据本本文文最最后后一一段段：In dealing with many challenges that friendship will bring you,try to see them for what they are:small hurdles you need to jump or get through on your way through life.我我们们看看到到friendship（友友谊谊）字字样样。应应选选friendship。译译文文 生生活活充充满满挑挑战战。随随着着我我们们长长大大就就会会逐逐渐渐意意识识到到那那些些挑挑战战都都能能塑塑造造我我们们自自己己，使使我我们们成成为为什什么么样的人。同样的挑战也伴随在友谊中。样的人。同样的挑战也伴随在友谊中。SummaryReading is everything.Reading should be stressed on the meaning.Reading between the lines is to get the context.Words and idioms can be memorized by learning the context.Getting the main idea depends on focusing on the key sentences in the whole passage.Understanding the authors attitude is the main taskContext is the first thing we should pay special attention to!