雅思写作讲座新航道lessonPPT课件.ppt

IELTS WRITINGLessonEight:小作文11 Taks I LinePieBarTableDiagram/flowchart/mapIELTS WRITING2把图表中的主要信息转化为文字信息，并且组织成文章。IELTS WRITING32.评分标准（1）任务完成情况：趋势描写，数据支持，不要画蛇添足（2）关联词大量而准确地使用（连贯）（3）词汇（4）句子结构TASK I4把图表中的主要信息转化为文字信息，并且组织成文章。HOW?descriptioncomparecontrastIELTS WRITING5首段首句This graph shows the of in .二句有可能有可能的话总结总体趋势中间段趋势描写，数据支持，有必要时写出最高点/最低点末段重申最重要的趋势TASK I6Numberoffull-timeteachersofregularschools(inmillions)inChina(1960-1990).TASK I7首段首句graph-figure,linegraphShow-indicate,unfold,display,reveal,reflect,relate,illustrate,provideanoverviewof8首段常用句型:1.Thetable/chart/diagram/graphshows(that).2.Thefigures/statisticsshow(that).3.Thediagramshows/describes/illustrateshow.4.Accordingto/As(is)showninthe/Ascanbeseenfromthetable/chart,diagram,graph,figures5.Itcanbeseen/observedfromthe/wecanseefromthe6.Itisclear/apparentfromthetable/chart/diagram/graph/figures(that).首段首句9Theabovefigureindicatestheamountoffull-timeteachersofregularschoolsinChinabetween1960and1990.首段首句10请写出本图的第一句话：Thisgraphshowsthenumberoffull-timeteachersofregularschoolsinChinaduring3decadesfrom1960to1990.首段首句11首段二句Numberoffull-timeteachersofregularschools(inmillions)inChina(1960-1990).12首段二句连接词：1.Accordingtothefigure,2.Itisclearthat,Itcanbe(clearly)seenthat,3.Fromitcanbe(safely)concludedthat4.Oneofthemostsurprising/interestingfindswas5.Comparewith13如何表达总体趋势a).The overall trend/general trend(主语)+indicates+从句b).The overall trend/general trend(主语)+indicates+N.c).There be+an overall+某种趋势14 It can be seen that there was an increasing trend from 1960 to 1990.However,there were some fluctuations in earlier years.首段二句15首段二句Itcanbeseenthattherewasanincreasingtrendfrom1960to1990.However,thereweresomefluctuationsinearlieryears.Accordingtothefigure,althoughthereweresomefluctuationsinearlieryears,thereexistsindeedanincreasingtrend.Theoveralltrendwastoindicatetheincreasinglygrowingnumber,althoughthereexistssomefluctuationsintheearlieryears.16时态：首句一般现在时，其他一般过去时。*如果图表是对将来情况的预测，全部用一般现在时。首段二句17主体段Numberoffull-timeteachersofregularschools(inmillions)inChina(1960-1990).18五种描述趋势的句式a)There be 句型:“变化名词”作主语+IN+被描述对象e.g.Therewasanincrease/decreaseinthenumberofb)“描述对象”做主语e.g.Therewereincreasinglymoreteachers.c)纵坐标作主语(一般为被描述对象)+变化+其他e.g.Thenumber(percentage)ofwentup(wentdown)d)横坐标作主语(一般为时间)+“经历”+“变化”+IN 被描述对象+地点 *表示经历:saw/witnessed/experiencede)地点作主语+“经历”+“变化”+IN 被描述对象+时间19连接手段1.Then/fromthistimeonwards/fromthenonTherewasarise.Thenthenumberwentdown.2.After/beforeTherewasarise,beforethenumberwentdown.Afterarise,therewasadecrease,beforethenumberremainedstable.3.whichwasfollowedby/whichledto/whichprecededanincrease/decreaseTherewasarise,whichwasfollowedbyadecrease.204.上一句最后时间词，when.Therewasariseinthenumberofteachersfrom_in_to_in_,whenthenumberwentdown.5.Again（第二次以后的上升/下降）Therewasarise.Again,thenumberwentdown.6.However.then.（上升和下降之间）Therewasarise.However,thenumberthenwentdown.其他关联词：类比、对比、句子衔接However/compareto/incontrast/similarly/conversely/whileSimilarly/likewiseAsto/intermof/asfor连接手段21数据的表达方式1.From数据in年份to数据in年份2.Peakat数据bottomat数据3.Therewere数据4.Decreaseto数据/increaseuptoabout数据5.趋势with数据6.Whichwasabout数据22主体段分项描写信息：Accordingtothefigure,therewasasharpdecreaseinthenumberofteachersfromfivemillionsin1960tothreemillionsin1962,which was followedbyarapidincreaseoverthenexttwoyears.Thenumberdroppedagain fromalmostsixmillionsin1964tofivemillionin1966and thenwentupgraduallyuntil1976whentherewasalevelingoffateightmillionsforthenexttenyears.Theyearsfrom1986to1990sawasteadyriseinthenumberofteachers.23末段1.重述总体特征；Inconclusion,moreteacherswereinChineseregularschoolsinthe1990sthan30yearsbefore.barchart/table242024/3/18 周一25不要进行主观描述不要分析原因不要找本质末段26CompleteExampleThisgraphshowsthenumberoffull-timeteachersofregularschoolsinChinabetween1960and1990.It can be seen that there was an increasing trend from 1960 to 1990.However,there were some fluctuations in earlier years.Accordingtothefigure,therewasasharpdecreaseinthenumberofteachersfromfivemillionin1960tothreemillionin1962,which was followedbyarapidincreaseoverthenexttwoyears.Thenumberdroppedagain fromalmostsixmillionin1964tofivemillionin1966and thenwentupgraduallyuntil1976whentherewasalevelingoffateightmillionforthenexttenyears.Theyearsfrom1986to1990sawasteadyriseinthenumberofteachers.Inconclusion,moreteacherswereinChineseregularschoolsinthe1990sthan30yearsbefore.271.说明趋势：trend,momentum.2.描述增加、波动、减少和反转：gain,pickup,increase,rise,surge,jump,goup,decrease,fall,drop,decline,slowdown；leveloffat/leveloutat;maintain,fluctuate,fluctuation,reverseTASK I283.描述变化程度：dramatically,suddenly,significantly,sharply,steeply,rapidly,moderately,gradually,steadily,slightly,slowly,4.表示高、底：peakat/ofpeakingat;reachthebottom/botttomoutat5.表示数据一般：have10%;at10%;over10%最高（低）点：peaked;reachedapeak/high(point)bottomedout;reachedthebottomTASK I296.表示程度：almostadv.几乎，差不多nearlyadv.几乎，密切地approximatelyadv.近似的，大约aboutadv.附近，大约，转向，左右，周围justover刚超过overadv.结束，越过，从头到尾exactlyadv.正确地，严密地preciselyadv.正好精确地；清晰地7.表示范围：fromtobetweenandforto多长时间直到8.比例：20percent20%oneinthree1/3oneoutofeveryfour1/4TASK I301)每一类图有其每一类图有其自己最想要表自己最想要表达的地方达的地方2)突出重点突出重点3)数据的重点数据的重点突出和非重点突出和非重点处理处理1)As can be seen from the chart2)It is clear from the graph that3)The diagram shows1)however,/in contrast,/on the contrary/2)Compared with contrary to3)个性化的表达个性化的表达客观写作客观写作Key points对比特征对比特征或数据或数据IELTS WRITING31Thegraphbelowshowsradioandtelevisionaudiencesthroughoutthedayin1992.RadioandtelevisionaudiencesintheUK,October-December1992.32两条曲线33Thegraphshowsthepercentageofaudiencesover4yearsoldofUKfollowstheradioandtelevisionthroughoutthedayduringtheperiodOctober-December1992.TASK I34Ithasbeenobservedfromthegraphthatlessthan10%audiencesfollowstheradioat6:00amandthepercentageraisedtoapickaround30%at8AManddeclinegraduallytoaround10%duringtheperiod200to400Pmandagainraisedabittoaround12%between400to600PM.Itthenagaindroppedtobelow10%ataround10PM.Therateagainraisedtoabitbetween1000PMto1200PMandthendroppedslowlyby400AM.TASK I35Ontheotherhand,therateoftelevisionaudiencesraises0-10%duringtheperiod600to800amandremainsteadyupto10AMandthengraduallygoesdownby1200noon.Thepercentageraiseddramaticallytoaround15%by200noon.Thepercentageraiseddramaticallygoesdownby1200noon.Thepercentageraiseddramaticallytoaround15%by200PMwhichagainraisedtoapickabove40%between600-800PMandthengraduallydroppedbetweentheperiod1200PMto400AM.TASK I36Theboldgraphshowsthetelevisionaudiencesthroughouttheday.Itshowsthatthepercentageofaudiencesiszeropercentinearlymorningbutitgraduallyrisesuntotenpercentat8:00amandmaintainsthesameforthenexttwohours.Thereisaslightfallinpercentageinnexttwohourshoweverafterthatitrisessharpuntotwentypercentwithinthenexttwohours.Afterthisthegraphrisesveryfastandattainsitspeakat10pmwhichisaboutfortyfivepercent.Thegraphgraduallyfallsdownandat2:00amitisatfivepercent.Thethinnergraphshowsthepercentageforradioaudiences.Unlikethetelevisiononethepeakpercentageoftheradioaudiencesisat8:00amwhichisabout30percent.Thenitgraduallyfallsanditcorrespondswiththetelevisiononeattwopm.Afterthatitgraduallyfallsbutwithasmallincreaseinpercentageat4:30to6:00pm.ThepercentageofaudiencethengraduallygoesdownandatfourAMitisthelowestwhichisnear2percentage.Thesegraphsprovetheprogressivepopularityoftelevision.TASK I373839多条曲线：（中间段落）1.分别写三条曲线2.分阶段对比三条曲线3.混合写法（先写将其中两条分阶段对比写），再写剩下的一条TASK I40The graph below shows the proportion of the population aged 65 and over between 1940 and 2040 in three different countries.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant.41ThelinegraphshowstheproportionofpeopleinJapan,Sweden,andUSAaged65andoverfrom1940andtheexpectedproportionsupto2040.From1940-1990,theproportionsofaged65andoverintheUSAandSwedenWEREsimilarfollowthesametrend.In1940thefigureswere9%and7%respectivelyin1990.Thereafter,Americansproportionofpeopleaged65andoverleveledoutandisforecastedtoremainin14%until2020,afterwhichitisexpectedincreaseto23%in2040.however,Swedensproportionofpeopleaged65andoverbegantoriseafter1990.Thisincreaseisforecastedtocontinueuntil2010whentheproportionisestimatedtobe20%.Thenthereisexpectedtobeaslightdropto18%in2030,followedbyasteepclimbto25%in2040.ThesituationinJapandiffersconsiderably,withafallinthepercentageofpeopleaged65andoverbetween1940(5%)to1960(3%).Thepercentageremainedsteadyuntil1985,whereuponitbegantoclimb.Thisriseisprojectedtocontinueuntilaround2030,whentheproportionofJapanneseaged65andoverisexpectedtoreach10%.Thereafter,withinjustafewyears,theproportionisforecasttorisedramaticallyto25%,withalessdarmaticreseto27%in2040.42 TASK I：流程图和示意图 目的：让没有看到图表的人，听完你的描述后，就对图表的主要特征有所了解方法：1）结构（时间/空间顺序）2）流程（时间顺序）/功能（例举）*必须分段结构一功能一结构二功能二结构三功能三4344 TASK I：流程图和示意图Thefirstdiagramshowsthattherearefourmainstagesinthelifeofthesilkworm.Firstofall,eggsareproducedbythemothandittakestendaysforeacheggtobecomeasilkwormlarvathatfeedsonmulberryleaves.Thisstagelastsforuptosixweeksuntilthelarvaproducesacocoonofsilkthreadarounditself.Afteraperiodofaboutthreeweeks,theadultmothseventuallyemergefromthesecocoonsandthelifecyclebeginsagain.Thecocoonsaretherawmaterialusedfortheproductionofsilkcloth.Onceselected,theyareboiledinwaterandthethreadscanbeseparatedintheunwindingstage.Eachthreadisbetween300and900metreslong,whichmeanstheycanbetwistedtogether,dyedandthenusedtoproduceclothintheweavingstage.Overall,thediagramsshowthatthecocoonstageofthesilkwormcanbeusedtoproducesilkcloththroughaverysimpleprocess.4546 TASK I：流程图和示意图Asisshownintheflowchart,theprocessofrecyclingorganicwastetoproducecompostisreallyacomplexone.Thewholeprocesscanbecategorizedintofivestages.Firstofall,prepareaplasticcontainerwhichhasfourholesforventilatingtheair.Thereisarulewhenputtingwasteintothecontainer,foodatthebottomwithin15centimetershigh,grassatthemiddleandnewspaperatthetopwithin15centimetershighaltogether,inordertomakeaoptimumenvironmentfordifferentbacteriareproducing.Inthefollowingstage,wecanwitnessnitrogenandwaterbeingputintothecontainer.Whatsworthmentioningisthatwaterisonlyaddedinahotweather.Next,heatthewasteandletthebacteriareproducefastly,withwhichtheorganicwastecanbedecomposedandbecamegardenfertiliserafter6months.Subsequently,wecancarrythecompostoutandmoveittothegarden,thusanewrecyclingcanbegin.Inconclusion,usingthiswaytoturntheorganicwasteintogardenfertiliserisenvironmentallyfriendly.Byenlargingthenumberorvolumeofthecontainer,wecandisposemorewasteatthesametime.4748 TASK I：流程图和示意图Thediagramshowsthestagesintheprocessofmakingchocolate.Chocolatecomesfromthecacaotree,whichisgrowninpartsofSouthAmerica,AfricaandIndonesia.Thetreeproduceslargeredpodswhichcontainwhitecocoabeans.Firstly,whenthepodsareripe,theyareharvested,thebeansareremovedandtheyarefermentedforseveraldaysinlargewoodenboxes.Duringthefermentingprocess,thebeansturnbrown.Next,thebrownbeansarespreadinthesuntodry.Theyarethenputinlargesacksandtransportedbytrainorlorry.Afterthis,thebeansaretakentoachocolatefactorywheretheyareroastedinanovenattemperaturesofbetween250and350degreeCelsius.Afterbeingroasted,thebeansarecrushedandtheoutershellisremoved.Thispartisnotneededformakingchocolate.Finally,theinnerpartofthebeanispressedandliquidchocolateisproduced.492024/3/18 周一50