2015年中考英语：第33讲-宾语从句考点跟踪.doc

第33讲　宾语从句
中考热身
【名题实战】
1．—It's so late.Why not write the report tomorrow?
—But I don't know __B__ I can do it if not now.(2014，安徽)
A．why B．when C．how D．where
2．—Could you tell me __A__ he came here?
—He drove here himself.(2012，安徽)
A．how B．why C．when D．whether
3．—Could you tell me __B__？
—You can take No.16 bus.(2011，黄冈)
A．how can we get to the Olympic park
B．how we can get to the Olympic park
C．how did we get to the Olympic park
D．how we got to the Olympic park
4．There are so many kinds of computers in the shop.I really don't know __B__ to choose.(2010，安徽)
A．what B．which C．how D．where
【考点梳理】
从以上考题可以看出，近五年来，安徽中考对宾语从句的考查频率较高，几乎每年必考一题，主要是考查宾语从句的连接词和语序。同时，考生在复习时也要注意宾语从句的时态。
导向导航
高频考向一　宾语从句的引导词
①宾语从句是陈述句，引导词用that，在口语中that可以省略。如：
We believe(that)he is honest.我们相信他是诚实的。
②如果宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来，其引导词用if或whether。一般情况下，二者可以通用，但从句中有or not或从句充当介词的宾语时，只能用whether。如：
I don't know if/whether she will come here.我不知道她是否将来这儿。
Sorry，I don't know whether he will come or not.对不起，我不知道他是否会来。
③宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，引导词就是特殊疑问词。如：
Could you tell me where the post office is？你能告诉我邮局在哪里吗？
The teacher asked the students what they were doing.老师问学生他们正在做什么。
【例1】Could you say it again？I can't understand______you are talking about.
A．how B．when C．what D．which
解析：how和when在宾语从句中作状语，而此处宾语从句的引导词在宾语从句中作talk about的宾语，故排除A、B两项；what“什么”，which“哪一个”，由句意“我无法理解你正在谈论什么”可知应选what。
答案：__C__
【例2】 —Could you tell me______he came here?
—He drove here himself.
A．how B．why C．when D．whether
解析：本题考查宾语从句的引导词。how“怎样”，why“为什么”；when“什么时候”；whether“是否”。由答语“他是自己开车来这儿的”可知问句为“你能告诉我他是怎样来这儿的吗？”。
答案：__A__
高频考向二　宾语从句的时态
宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态是由主句中谓语动词的时态来决定的，一般有下面几种情况：
①主句的时态为一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时，从句的谓语动词的时态要根据具体的情况用相应的任何时态。如：
He says he will ask Mr.Hu to give Jim some work.他说他将叫胡先生给吉姆一些工作。
②主句的时态为过去时态时，从句的谓语动词的时态要用相应的过去的某一时态。如：
She said she missed us very much.她说她非常想念我们。
③从句表示的是客观真理、普遍真理、自然现象时，从句的时态一律使用一般现在时。如：
He said that the sun is bigger than the earth.他说太阳比地球大。
【例3】 The official said that they______a new law to protect the tourists the next year.
A．makes B．would make
C．made D．have made
解析：主句的谓语动词said是过去式，因此从句也应用过去的某种时态，由时间状语the next year可知应用过去将来时。
答案：__B__
【例4】 —Can you tell me ______he prize，Tom?
—Last year.
A．when you got B．when did you get
C．when will you get D．when you will get
解析：宾语从句的语序须是陈述句语序，排除B、C项；由答句last year可知从句的时态为一般过去时。
答案：__A__
高频考向三　宾语从句的语序
❶在含有宾语从句的复合句中，宾语从句要使用陈述语序，即“引导词＋主语＋谓语＋其他”。如：
I want to know when the train left.我想知道火车是什么时候离开的。
注意：①有些特殊疑问句本身是陈述句语序。如：
What's wrong with…？
Which is the way to…？
What happened to you…？
What's the matter/trouble…？
Who studies the hardest in your class?
②do you think后接宾语从句时，特殊疑问词即引导词要前置，do you think作为插入语。如：
Who do you think he is talking with？你认为他正在和谁交谈？
❷由do，does，did构成的疑问句，在转换成宾语从句时，要去掉do，does，did，且从句中的谓语动词要根据主句时态作出相应的变化。如：
“Does he sing well？”The music teacher asked him.
→The music teacher asked him if(whether)he sang well.这个音乐老师想知道他唱得是否很好。
❸如果是will，be，have，can组成的疑问句，在变为宾语从句时，要把这些词还原到句中原来的谓语位置上，并根据主句的时态作相应的变化。如：
“Will you be free tomorrow？”She asked me.
→She asked me if(whether) I would be free tomorrow.她问我明天是否是空闲的。
【例5】 —Hi，Bruce.Here is a letter for you.
—Thanks.I wonder ______．
A．who the letter was from
B．who was from the letter
C．who was the letter from
D．who from the letter was
解析：宾语从句应用陈述语序，即be动词、助动词和情态动词都应放在主语后，在此宾语从句中，主语是the letter，谓语was from应放在主语后，故排除选项B和C；选项D将from置于主语前，是错误的。句意“嗨，布鲁斯。这儿有你的一封信。”“谢谢。我想知道这封信是谁寄来的。”
答案：__A__
【例6】 —Can you tell me ______his morning?
—Sorry，I've no idea.
A．why didn't Daming come to school
B．why Daming didn't come to school
C．why doesn't Daming come to school
D．why Daming doesn't come to school
解析：由this morning可知事情发生在过去，故排除C、D两项；宾语从句应用陈述句语序。
答案：__B__
高频考向四　宾语从句的否定前移
在宾语从句中，当主句的谓语动词为think，believe，expect，imagine，suppose等时，如果主句为I或we时，从句中表示否定意义的not应移到think，believe，expect，imagine，suppose等前。如：
I don't suppose he will come.我猜他不会来。
【注意】如果主句主语不是I或we，则not不前移。如：
She thinks she can't arrive there on time.她认为她不能按时到那儿。
【例7】 翻译：我认为明天不会下雨。
__I_don't_think_it_will_rain_tomorrow.__
高频考向五　宾语从句的转化
①当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且谓语动词是hope，wish，decide等时，从句可转化为不定式结构。如：
I hope that I can see you again.
＝I hope to see you again.我希望能再次见到你。
②当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且谓语动词是know，remember，forget，learn等时，从句可转化为“疑问词＋不定式”结构。如：
I don't know what I should say.
＝I don't know what to say.我不知道该说什么。
③当主句的谓语动词是ask，tell，show，teach等，且宾语从句的主语和主句的间接宾语一致时，从句可转化为“不定式结构”或“疑问词＋不定式”结构。如：
Mr.Hu tells us that we shouldn't draw on the wall.
＝Mr.Hu tells us not to draw on the wall.胡老师告诉我们不应该在墙上画画。
Will you please tell me where I can buy stamps?
＝Will you please tell me where to buy stamps？请告诉我在哪儿能买到邮票？
④有些宾语从句可转化为复合宾语结构，常用动词find，think，make。如：
I think it is necessary for us to learn to wait.
＝I think it necessary for us to learn to wait.
I find she is a good girl.＝I find her a good girl.
⑤由what引导的宾语从句可转化为定语从句。如：
We did what we could to help you.
＝We did everything (that) we could to help you.
Robert saw what Mr.Smith did.
＝Robert saw everything (that) Mr.Smith did.
【例8】 将下列句子改为简单句。
The teacher told the boy he shouldn't spend too much time playing games.
解析：主句的谓语动词是tell，宾语从句的主语是主句的间接宾语，故从句可简化为不定式结构：tell sb.not to do sth.。
答案：__The_teacher_told_the_boy_not_to_spend_too_much_time_playing_games.__
语法演练
一、单项选择。
1．Many foreigners feel uncomfortable __D__ they are asked about their private life.
A．what B．how C．why D．when
2．This book is well worth reading because it tells us __D__ to learn a foreign language.
A．what B．when C．where D．how
3．—Could you tell me __C__ yuanxiao in China?
—Usually at Lantern Festival.(2014，天津)
A．when do people eat B．how do people eat
C．when people eat D．how people eat
4．She got a nice skirt as a present on her birthday.Do you know __D__？(2014，呼和浩特)
A．what was it made of B．how much did it cost
C．who buy it for her D．where she bought it
5．—I can't decide __D__ on vacation.Any advice?
—What about Hainan？It's warm in winter.(2014，绍兴)
A．when I will go B．where will I go
C．when will I go D．where I will go
6．Alice，do you know __B__ tomorrow？(2014，威海)
A．what will we do B．when we will start
C．where they went D．how will they go there
7．—Jack，could you tell me __A__ for travelling this summer？(2014，连云港)
—We plan to go and see the beautiful sea in Hainan.
A．where your family will go
B．how will your family go
C．how your family will go
D．where will your family go
8．—Mum，summer holiday is coming.I wonder __B__．
—How about Qinling Wild Zoo？(2014，陕西)
A．where can we go B．where we can go
C．how we can go D．how can we go
9．—Could you tell me __D__？
—At 9：20 tomorrow morning.(2014，济宁)
A．what time you arrived
B．who you are coming with
C．when will you be here
D．what time you are arriving
10．—That's a nice toy.Could you tell me __B__？
—I made it with my uncle's help.(2014，台州)
A．how did you make it
B．how you made it
C．who did you make it for
D．who you made it for
11．—I want to send the photos onto my weibo.Can you show me __A__ to do it，Maria?
—Sure，no problem.
A．how B．when C．what D．where
12．Brother Bob asked me __C__ I heard a big noise from outside.
A．they B．why C．whether D．who

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