八年级英语下册期末按词组、语法复习.doc

Module 1 语法专题
简单句：由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成。
一. 五种基本句型：
1． 主语＋系动词＋表语 （S+V+P）He is happy.
2． 主语＋不及物动词＋（状语） ( S+V ) He is swimming.
3． 主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋（状语） ( S+V+O ) I saw him just now.
4． 主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 ( S+V+IO+DO ) She lent me a bike,
主语＋及物动词＋直接宾语＋间接宾语 ( S+V+DO+IO ) She lent a bike to me.
5． 主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语 ( S+V+O+OC) The good news made us happy.
二. 练习：写出下列句子的基本成分。
1． He likes music very much.
2． The soup tastes salty.
3． She works very hard.
4． My teacher asked me to come a little earlier next time.
5． My father bought me a computer.

Module 1 重点词组
1. 想要某人做某事：want sb to do sth.
2. 不整洁的：untidy----干净的：tidy
整理、收拾：tidy up （1）可修饰名词：tity sth（名词）up 或tidy up sth（名）
（2）可修饰代词：tidy sth(代词) up
如：把房间收拾好。tidy the room up = tidy up the room(房间是名词，可放中间也可放后面)
把它/它们整理好。tidy it/them up （it和them是代词，放中间，单数用it，复数用them）
3. 一点儿：a bit: 修饰形容词 如：a bit tired/ worried
a bit of:修饰不可数名词 如：a bit of milk （milk是不可是名词）
4. 收集：collect（动词）= have a collection(名词) of
如：收集布娃娃：collect dolls= have a collectiong of dolls
4. 乐器前加定冠词the，球类前不加定冠词the
如：踢足球：play football（足球是球类，不加the） 弹钢琴：play the piano
5. 一直：all the time=always
6. 对…感兴趣：be interested in
如：我对音乐感兴趣 I am interested in the music.
兴趣：interest （名词） 如：发展你的兴趣 develop your interest
7. 接受采访：give an interview
8. 发生什么事？What’s the matter?
What’s wrong with you?
What happen to you？
9. 照顾某人/物：look after sb/ sth= take care of sb/ sth
把某人或某物照顾好：look after sb/ sth well = take good care of sb/ sth
如：请照顾好这个男孩儿。
Please look after the boy well.= Please take good care of the boy.
10. 帮某人做某事：（1）help sb do sth = help sb to do sth
（2）help sb with sth 在某方面帮助某人
如：帮我做作业：help me do / to do my homework
Help me with my homework
11. make （1）使某人做某事：make sb do sth 如：使我成长make me grow
（2）使某人/事怎么样：make sb adj.（形容词）如：使我开心make me happy
12. 某人花费..时间/金钱在某物身上
（1）sb spend 钱/时间 on sth
（2）sb pay 钱/ 时间 for sth
（3）sth cost sb 钱/时间
（4）It take sb 时间 to do sth
某人花费时间或金钱做某事 sb spend 钱/时间 in doing sth
如：我花了五元钱买这支钢笔
I spend 5 yuan on the pen.= I pay 5 yuan for the pen.= The pen cost me 5 yuan.
我花了10分钟到达学校
I spend 10 minutes in getting to school= It takes me 10 minutes to get to school
13. as well 也
as well as并且，还，除…之外（ 连接并列主语时，谓语动词与前一主语保持一致。）
如：她和她朋友喜欢踢足球。He as well as his friends likes playing football.
not noly…but also…不但…而且….（连接并列主语时，谓语动词与后一主语保持一致,
“就近原则”）
如：不但他而且我都是老师。Not only the students but also the teacher was invited.
14. 在..期间：during 如：在五一节期间 during May Day
15. 叫某人做某事：ask/tell sb to do sth 求职：ask for jobs
16．高中：senior high school 初中：junior high school
17.结果 as a result 将来：in the future
18. 想象：imagine （1）imagine sth 想象某事
（2）imagine doing sth 想象做某事
（3）imagine +从句
19. 成功 successful（adj.） success（n.） succeed（v.）
20 maybe ：或许，大概 may be 可能是
21. sometimes 有时 some times 数次
Sometime “有朝一日” some time “一段时间”，与一般将来时用
如：I hope to visit the USA sometime in the future.
22.such as 例如
23.占用：take up 如：take up the least space

Module 2 语法专题
宾语从句：是一个复合句，复合句也称主从句，即主句和从句。
1. 定义：在句子充当宾语的从句
如：He says that he is going to the cinema.
The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.
2. 结构：
（1）主句+that+从句（that没有意义,可省略）
（2）主句+if/ whether…or not （是否）+从句
（3）主句+疑问词（what，where，how，why…）+从句
如：I believe （that） we will become good friends.我相信我们会成为好朋友。
He asks whether/ if we will go fishing on Sunday.他问周日我们是否会出去钓鱼。
I understand why they like computer games so much.我理解他们为什么如此喜欢电脑游戏。
3. 时态：
（1）主句是一般现在时，从句可以是任何时态。
I hear that Peter bought a new computer yesterday.(主句用一般现在时，从句用过去时)
Tom wants to know what his brother will do next Sunday.（主句用一般现在时，从句用将来时）
The little girl can show me where she lives.(主句用一般现在时，从句也用一般现在时)
2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用过去的某种时态
如：David told me that he was very tired.（主句用一般过去过去时，从句也用过去时）
3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：
如：The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.（主句用一般过去时，从句用现在时）

如何改为宾语从句（三关）
1. 引导词关
①陈述句，引导词用that（that在口语或非正式文体中常省略）；
②一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether；
③特殊疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。
2. 语序关
①陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：
He is an honest boy. The teacher said.
→The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy.
②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如：
Does he work hard？I wonder.
→I wonder if/whether he works hard.
When did he leave？I don’t know.
→I don’t know when he left.
3. 时态关
①如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：
②如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如：
注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。
练习题
1. Miss Green didn’t tell us _____ in 2002.
A. where does she live      B. Where she lives C. where did she live      D. where she lived
2.I don’t know when ____.
A.will the train leave       B. the train will leave C. would the train leave   D. the train leave
3.---We don’t know _____.
---It is said that he was born in Sweden.
A. what he is    B. if he lives here C. where he comes from        D. which country is he from
4. We're not sure if it ___________ tomorrow. If it ___________，we won’t climb the South Hill.
A. will snow；snows    B. will snow；will snow C. snows；snows      D. snows；will snow
Module 2 重点词组
24. 电话用语： (1) Who’s calling, please?请问是哪位？
（2）This is…我是….
(3) That is。。。你是。。。
（4）I will call back later. 我过会再打来
（5）hold the line，please。请不要挂机
（6）Can I take a message？我能带个信吗？
25是否：if = whether。。。or not
26.私人的问题：personal questions
25. in a couple of months几个月后
“in+一段时间”用在将来时态，意为“之后”如：几天后in a few days
a couple of = several 几个
26. be different from与。。。不同
如：城市生活和农村生活不同. City life is different from the country life.
27. be close to。。。离。。。近 如：我家离学校近。My home is close to the school.
be far away from 离。。。远 如：我家离学校远 My home is far away from the school.
28. 交朋友 make friends 与… 交朋友 make friends with sb
29. good luck to sb 祝某人好运 如：祝你好运 Gook luck to you.
Good luck with sth 祝某物好运 如：祝你明天考试好运 Gook luck with your examination
30.by the way 顺便说一下
31. 不敢、害怕做某事 be afraid to do sth（强调因害怕不敢做某事）
be afraid of sth/ doing sth（强调担心某事可能发生）
如：我不敢在游泳池里跳水。I’m afraid to dive into the swimming pool.(因害怕而不敢去)
我担心会掉进游泳池里去。I’m afraid of falling into the swimming pool.(害怕、担心掉下去)
我怕蛇。I am afraid of the snake.
32. 想往常一样：as usual 33. 在那时：at that moment
33. 一言不发 without a aword 35. day by day：一天天地、日复一日
34. 对某人微笑：smile at sb
嘲笑某人：laugh at sb 如：不要嘲笑别人 Don’t laugh at the others
35. the world is what you think it is 你认为世界是怎样的，它就是怎样的
36. 孤独：alone 客观上 （强调独自一人） lonely 主观上
如：我独自一人住，但我不觉得孤独。I live alone but I don’t feel lonely.

Module 3 语法专题
动词不定式（to do）和动名词（v-ing）
有些动词后面需加to do或-ing来把意思补充完整。接to do的单词多为 “打算”、“计划”、“希望”之类的动词，而这些动词都表示未来。接-ing形式的动词要么表示是正在进行，要么表示一般性或经常性行为。有的动词既可以接to do，也可以接-ving。
一. 接to do的动词有:
(1）四个希望两答应：hope/ want/ wish/ would like to----agree/ promise
(2)两个要求加拒绝：demand/ ask/ refuse
(3)设法学会做决定：manage/ learn/ decide
(4) 不要假装在选择：pretend/ choose
二. 接-ing的动词有：enjoy/ finish/ practise/ keep/ be busy/ feel like doing sth
三. 既可以接to do，也可以接-ving的动词有hate, like, love, begin/start（意思一样），remember, forget, continue/ go on, stop, try,mean， regret（意思不一样）
Remember to do sth 记得去做某事 remember doing sth 记得做过某事
Forget to do sth 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth忘记做过某事
Stop to do sth 停止正在做的事去做另一件事 stop doing sth 停止正在做的事
Continue/ go on to do 继续做另一件事 Continue/ go on doing sth 停止正在做的事
Try to do sth 努力设法做某事 try doing sth 试着做某事
Mean to do sth 意味着做某事 mean doing sth 打算做某事
Regret to do sth 对将要做的事表示遗憾 regret doing sth 对已做的事感到后悔
四. 练习：用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Would you like _____________ (have) a cup of tea?
2. I’m very tired, let’s stop _____________ (have) a rest.
3. I asked why he smiled, but he couldn’t remember _________________ (smile) at me.
4. He wants _____________ (buy) a new bike.
5. You must keep _______________ (practice) ______________ (speak) English every day.
6. Have you finished _____________ (read) the book?
7. I decide ______________ (visit) the Great Wall this holiday.
8. My sister enjoys _______________ (listen) to music.
9. He learnt ______________ (swim) all by himself.
10. My father agreed ____________ (buy) me a computer.
11. I forgot _____________ (close) the door yesterday.
12. I hate ______________ (lose).
13. The teacher is coming, we stop _____________. (talk)
14. We tried ______________ (finish) the work on time.
15. Sally refused ______________ (play) during the final practice.
16. He offers ____________ (help) me with the work.
17. She can’t afford ______________ (buy) a dictionary.
18. I hope _____________ (go) abroad.
19. Da Wei asked ____________ (play) the computer game on my father’s computer.
He started _______________ (make) his own radio programmer at the age of fifteen.
Module 3 重点词组
37.Look out for…注意…. 如：注意红灯 look out for the red lights
Look out of 从…往外看 如：往窗户外面看：look out of the window
38.最新的新闻：the latest news 39. 新闻演播室：news room
40.新闻播报员：newsreader 41.新闻记者：news reporter
42.报道，报告：report 43.天气预报：weather report
44.不用谢：Don’t mention it. 45.在…岁时at the age of
46.想要做某事：Would like to do sth= want to do sth=feel like doing sth
47.你认为它怎么样?：What does it feel like? =What do you think of it?
=How do you like it?
48.Thank you for sth/sb 感谢某事或某人 如：谢谢你的礼物 Thank you for your present.
Thank you for doing sth 感谢做某事如：谢谢你送礼物给我Thank you for sending me present
49.带某人参观 take/ show sb around 如：带我参观北京电台：take me around Radio Beijing
50.Enjoy (1)玩得开心 enjoy oneself （myself/ herself/himself/ themselves/ ourselves）
(2)喜欢，享受做某事enjoy doing sth
51.Remember/ forget to do sth 记得(忘记)去做某事（事情没做）
Remember / forget doing sth 记得（忘记）做过某事（事情已做）
如：记得为我买些水果 Remember to buy some fruits for me.
我记得在什么地方见过他 I remember seeing him somewhere.
52. stop doing 表示 “停止做某事”
stop to do 表示 “停下来去做某事”
如：老师来了，我们要停止说话。The teacher is coming, we should stop talking.
老师来了，我们要停下来读书。The teacher is coming , we should stop to read.
53.Keep doing sth 不断做某事 如：不断学习keep studying
54.讨厌做某事 hate to do sth = hate doing sth
55.向下看某人：look down at sb
看不起某人：look down on sb 如：Please don’t look down on other people.别看不起别人
56.voice 表示人的声音 sound 表示物体的声音
noise 表示噪音 noisy （adj）吵闹的
57. seem (1) It seem that = seem to do sth 看起来，似乎，好像
（2）seem +形容词
如：似乎很快就要下雨了。It seem that it will rain soon.= I seem to rain soon.
她好像很累。She seemed tired.
58. in person 面对面，亲自 如：他会亲自来。He will come in person.
59. 一周一次 once a week 回答How often的问题
如：How often does he go to the park? 他多经常去公园？
He goes to the park once a week.你一周去一次公园。
60. Close down 停止播放、结束/关闭、停止
如：超市晚上七点关门。The supermarket closes down at 7:00 p.m.

Module 4-5 语法专题
由if（如果）引导的条件状语从句（在某种条件下某事可能发生）
1. 句子结构
（1） If从句+主句
（2） If从句+祈使句（以动词原形开头）
2. 位置：if从句可放句首，也可放主句后面; 若If条件句放句首，从句可加逗号 。
如：Print the text if you like it.= If you like the text, print it.
3. 时态变化
（1） 如果主句是一般将来时态，从句用一般现在时。（主将从现）
如：If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go to the great wall.
(2)如果主句是其它时态，从句与主句时态保持一致。
e.g.:If you finish eating, you may leave the table.
4.练习题
If you (want) to say something, (hand) up, please.
=
If Lily (receive) the gift, she (be) very happy.
=
If she (get) up late, she (not catch) the bus.
=
=She should , or
二、 感叹句 (多......啊!)
1. What +（ a/an/.）.. + adj. + n. (+ 主语 + be)!
e.g.: clean classroom it !
honest kid Tom !
terrible news this !
fantastic concerts they !
2. How + adj. + 主语 (the + n. /人名/代词) + be!
e.g.: 改写上面的句子.

Module 4重点词组
61. Save（1）保存 如：保存视频 save the vedio
（2）节省，节约 如：节省油 save oil
（3）拯救 save one’s life 拯救某人的生命
62. 借出： lend sb to sb 把某物借（出）给某人
借入：borrow sth from sb 从某人那借入某物
63.看说明书：look at the instructions 回放：play back
64. 打开：turn on 关闭：turn off 调大声点：turn up 调小声点：turn down
65. 按绿色的键：press the green button 通过电子邮件：by E-mail
66. Connect to把。。。连接，，，
如：请把鼠标连接到电脑上。Please connect the mouse to the computer.
67. Come on (灯或机器)打开、启动
如：如果红灯没亮，请等30秒。If the red lights doesn’t come on, wait for 30 seconds.
68, take a photo with。。。用…拍照
take a photo of sb/ sth 给某人或某物拍照
take a photo of sb with sth 用某物给某人拍照
如：The girl took a photo fo her mother with a camera. 女孩用相机给她妈妈拍照。
69. 厨师：cook 炊具：cooker
70. 拾起，捡起：pick up （1）加名词： pick 名 up= pick up 名
（2）加代词：pick 代 up
如：请把钢笔捡起来。Please pick up the pen.= Please pick up the pen.
(钢笔是名词，可放中间和后面)
请把它捡起来。Please pick it up. （it 是代词，只能放中间）
71.bite sb + 介词+ the +身体部位：咬到某人某个部位
如：咬了她的手 bite her on the hand
72.几天前：a few days earlier 从箱子爬出来：climb out of the box
73. 保持冷静：stay cool
74. Give sb the right medcine：给某人对症下药
Have/take medcine:吃药
75. 建议、提议：Suggest （1）suggest doing sth 建议做某事
（2）suggest+ that从句
如：我建议星期天去公园。I suggest going to the park on Sunday.
医生建议她另一天才来。The doctor suggesct that she should come another day.
Module 5重点词组
76. one of 其中之一…后面的形容词用最高级，名词用复数
如:他是中国最著名的英雄之一。He is one of the most famous heroes in China,
77. Rather A than B. 表示 “是A，而不是B”
rather than 宁可, 是…而不是
如：下周我将拔掉两颗牙。I will have two teeth out next week.
你拔，我可不拔。Rather you than me.
如：他跑步而不是步行。He ran rather than walk.
78. beat 打，打败 指打败比赛、竞争对手 如：他打败了我 He beat me.
79. win 赢，获胜 指赢得比赛，奖励，奖品 如：我赢得比赛I won the match
80. warn sb. about 表示 “提醒／警告某人注意某事”。
warn sb. (not) to do sth. 提醒／警告某人（不要做）某事
如：他们警告我们可能会有的危险。They warned us about possible danger.
　他们提醒我们不要吃那条红鱼。They warned us not to eat the red fish.
81. refuse to do sth拒绝做…
如：我不抄你的作业。I refused to copy your homework.
82. Play all together 一起演奏 独奏：play a solo
83. 事实上actually=in fact 最后的练习：final practice
84. 把某人送走send sb away 真遗憾：That’s shame.
85. 为…而骄傲/自豪be proud of/take pride in
如：我为国家感到骄傲 I am proud of the country=I take pride in the country.
86. 用……做某事： use sth. for (doing) sth.
如：我们用钢笔写字。We use the pen for writing.
87. go wrong 表