选修8第四单元重点单词短语讲解.ppt

单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,选修,8,话题,1.Literary work(,文学作品,),2.Drama(,戏剧,),功能,1.Conjecture(,推测,),2.Emotions(,情感,),3.Judgement and evaluation(,判断和评价,),语法,Revise the Past Participle as the Adverbial(,复习过去分词作状语,),重点,单词,adaption,，,whistle,，,hesitate,，,outcome,，,remark,，,status,，,superior,，,brilliant,，,classify,，,shabby,，,horrible,，,condemn,，,acquaintance,，,fortune,，,antique,，,compromise,，,overlook,，,fade,，,rob,，,disgusting,重点,短语,pass.off as.,，,make ones acquaintance,，,generally speaking,，,in terms of,，,show.in,，,the other day,，,in need of,，,take away,，,once more,，,fade out,，,in disguise,，,condemn sb.to sth./to do sth.,，,rob sb.of sth.,重点,句型,1.While watching,，,he makes notes.,2,But they betray themselves every time they open their mouths.,3,Now once taught by me,，,shed become an upper class lady.,1.,Hesitate,vi.,犹豫，踌躇,（,1,）,hesitate to do sth.,hesitate about/over/at(doing)sth.,hesitate about+,疑问词,+to do sth.,做某事犹豫不决,(2),hesitation,n,犹豫,without hesitation,毫不犹豫地,have no hesitation in(doing)sth,.,毫不犹豫地 做某事,Dont,hesitate to go,to a doctor if you have any unusual symptoms.,如果你有任何不正常的症状，别犹豫，马上去看医生。,We will do our duty,without hesitation,.,我们会毅然决然地尽我们的责任。,I,have no hesitation,in saying that you are my idol.,我毫不犹豫地说你是我的偶像,2,classify,vt.,编排；分类；归类,归纳拓展,(,1)be classified according to,按,分类,be classified into,被分成,be classified as,被划分为,(2),classified,adj,.,按种类分类的，类别的,classified advertisements,分类广告,classification,n,分类，类,In library books,are usually classified according to subjects,.,在图书馆里，书籍通常是按科目分类的。,Patients,are classified into,three categories.,病人被分成三种类型。,His play,is classified as,comedy.,他的戏剧被划分为喜剧。,3,remark,n,谈论；言论；评述,v,谈论；评论；说起,归纳拓展,(,1)make a,remark,/remarks about/,on,.,就,作评论,make no remark,不加评论，什么也不说,(,2)remark on/upon,对,作出评论,remark that.,评论,/,说,(3),remarkable,adj,.,非凡的；显著的,be remarkable for,因,而显著,a remarkable achievement/career/talent,显著的成就,/,事业,/,才能,He,made a number of rude remarks,about,the food there.,关于那里的食物他作了许多无礼的评论。,The judges,remarked,on/upon,the high standard of entries for the competition.,评委们说明了参赛的高标准。,4,condemn,vt.,迫使,接受,(,困境,),，使,注定；谴责；判刑，宣告,有罪,(,与,to,连用,),归纳拓展,(,1)condemn sb.to(do)sth.,使某人注定,(,做,),某事；,判处某人,(,2)condemn sb./sth.for sb./sth,.,指责某人,(,事,),(3),condemned,adj,.,已被定罪者；已被定罪者使用的,condemnation,n,定罪，谴责，指责,Most people would condemn violence of any sort.,大多数人都会谴责任何种类的暴力行为。,If you dont learn from the past,，,you,re,condemned to,repeat your mistakes.,如果你不从过去吸取教训的话，就注定要重复以前的错误。,She,is often condemned for,her carelessness.,她常因粗心而受到指责。,He was found guilty and,condemned to,be shot.,他被判有罪，处以枪决。,5,acquaintance,n,相识，了解，熟人,归纳拓展,(1)acquaintance,用作不可数名词时，表示,“,熟悉，,(,正式,),认识,”,，有时在其前加不定冠词，表某种程度的熟悉与了解，与,with,连用；用作可数名词时，表示,“,熟人；相识的人,”,。,(,2)make ones acquaintance/make the acquaintance of sb.,结识某人，与某人相见,have no acquaintance with sb./sth,.,与,不认识，没有交情；对,不了解,cut/drop ones acquaintance with.,与,绝交,gain acquaintance with.,得以熟知,(3),acquaint,v,熟悉；了解,acquaint sb.with.,使某人了解,be acquainted with,熟悉,Hes just a business,acquaintance.,他只是我业务上的一个熟人。,I,had little acquaintance wi,th modern poetry.,我对现代诗所知甚少。,I,am well acquainted with,her family.,我和她家里的人很熟。,in terms of,就,来说，从,角度；根据，,come to terms with sb.,和解；达成协议；让步,come to terms with sth.,甘心忍受；适应；顺 从,be on good/bad terms with,与,关系很好,/,坏,in the long(short)term,从长远,(,眼前,),来看,in ones terms,在某人看来,on equal terms,在平等的条件下,Hs is still,on excellent terms,with his exwife.,他仍然和前妻保持着极好的关系。,Many of the scientists and engineers are judged,in terms of,how great their achievements are.,人们往往以成就大小来评价一些科学家和工程师。,She is still,coming to terms,with her sons death,她还没有完全从儿子死亡的阴影中走出来,The companys prospects look good,in the long term.,公司的远景看来不错。,Superior,(1).,长官；上级,（,2),优秀的，较高的,be superior to,比,.,优秀,/,地位高,be inferior to,比,.,差,/,地位低,be senior to,比,.,年长,/,地位高,be junior to.,比,.,年幼,/,地位低,6,compromise,n,妥协；折衷；妥协,(,或折衷,),方案,vi.,妥协；折衷；让步；违背，放弃,归纳拓展,(,1)make compromises with sb.,作出让步；与,妥协,come to/reach a compromise on sth,.,就某事达成妥协,compromise on sth,.,以折衷方法解决争论、争端等,(2),违背，放弃，背弃,compromise ones principles/beliefs/ideas,违背原则,/,放弃信仰,/,背弃理想,In any relationship,，,you have to,make,compromises.,在任何关系当中，你都得作出让步。,After lengthy talks the two sides finally,reached a compromise on,trade.,双方经过长时间商谈终于就贸易方面达成了妥协。,We are not prepared to,compromise on safety standards.,我们不愿在安全标准问题上妥协。,They were unwilling to,compromise with the military.,他们不愿与军方妥协。,7,overlook,vt.,俯视；忽视；不理会,归纳拓展,(1),overlook a mistake,忽略了一个错误,overlook ones fault,不追究,(,某人的,),过错,overlook sb.for sth.(,提拔等,),对某人不予考虑,From my study window I can,overlook,the bay.,从我书房的窗口，我可以俯瞰海湾。,His services have been,overlooked,by his employers.,他的服务一直未得到他雇主的重视。,Shes been,overlooked,for promotion several times.,几次提职时都没有考虑她。,1,pass.off as.(,把某人,),改变或冒充成,pass off(,指事件,),发生，进行；举行；,(,指痛苦、危机等,),结束,pass away,去世,pass by,路过；经过,pass down,把,流传下去,pass on,传递,pass out,昏倒；失去知觉,pass through,通过，穿过；经历；体验,He escaped by,passing himself off as a guard,.,他冒充警卫逃跑了。,The sports meeting,passed off,well.,运动会开得很顺利。,I was just,passing by,so I thought Id stop for a visit.,我正好经过，于是就想来看看你。,Show.sb.in,带或领,进来,Considering its cold outside,youd better,show,the old man,in.,考虑到外面天气很冷，你最好把那位老人领进来。,We,were shown into,the waiting room.,我们被领进等候室。,归纳拓展,show sb.out,领某人出去,show sb.round/around.,带领某人参观,show sb.the door,对某人下逐客令,show the way,做出榜样,show off,夸耀，卖弄,show up,突出，显眼；出现,I showed,the foreigners,around,our school.,我带领外宾参观了我们的学校。,It is unwise to,show off,your greater knowledge in front of people.,在人们面前卖弄自己广博的知识是很不明智的。,It was getting late when she finally,showed up.,天色渐晚她终于出现了。,4,fade out(,声音，画面,),逐渐模糊；渐淡,归纳拓展,(1)fade,v,褪色，凋谢,fade away(,自视野，听界或记忆中,),逐渐消失；衰弱；病重死亡,fade in(,画面,),淡入；使渐强,(,指电影、电视中的画面与声音,),fade up,渐强,(,指电视、广播中的声音,),(2),表示声音的渐渐消失时，,fade out,，,fade away,以及,die away,，,die down,可通用。,(3),有关,out,的短语：,point out,指出,pull out,拉出；掏出；拔出；抽出；取出；,(,车，船,),驶出,go out (,灯、火,),熄灭；,(,年、月,),结束；,(,衣着,),过时；倒塌；罢工,check out,结账离开,rule out,排除,的可能性，拒绝考虑某事,The sound of the boys crying faded out in the distance.,那个孩子的哭声在远处逐渐消失。,Hopes of reaching an agreement seem to be fading away.,达成协议的希望看来已逐渐渺茫。,George saw the monitor blacked out and then a few words faded in.,乔治看到屏幕变黑，接着出现了几个字。,5.While watching,he makes notes.,他边看边作笔记。,But,，,sir,，,(proudly)once educated to speak properly,，,that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess at an ambassadors garden party.,但是，先生，一旦被教以恰当的谈吐方式，那个女孩在三个月后就可以冒充大使花园聚会上的贵妇人。,once/if/as/unless/when/though/while/as if.,v,.ing/,v,.ed/to do/,adj,.,的省略句式,When finished,，,the homework was handed in.,作业一完成就交了上去。,【,链接训练,】,It is rather difficult to make friends with him,，,but his friendship,，,_,，,is more true than any others.,A,once gained B,when to gain,C,after gaining D,while gaining,【,解析,】,考查省略。此题应用过去分词作状语表示条件。,once gained,相当于,once it is gained,，,gain,和,his friendship,之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词。,【,答案,】,A,复习过去分词作状语,过去分词或过去分词短语作状语修饰谓语动词表示的动作，其逻辑上的主语就是句子的主语。过去分词短语作状语往往可以用相应的状语从句或并列复合句来代替。,(1),表示时间，作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句。,When asked about his future plans,，,Zhang Yimou said that his next movie would show a modern theme.,当被问到将来的打算时，张艺谋说他的下一部电影将表现一个现代的主题。,(2),表示原因，作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。,Tom fell asleep at once,，,very tired.,汤姆很累，很快就睡着了。,(3),表示条件，作条件状语，相当于条件状语从句。这类句子的谓语动词往往用将来时或情态动词。,Given more time,，,we would have finished the job much better.,如果我们有更多时间，我们会把工作完成得更好。,(4),表示让步，作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句。,Although wounded all over,，,the brave soldiers continued to fight.,虽然伤痕累累，勇士们仍坚持战斗。,(5),表示行为方式或伴随状况，相当于并列复合句。,Mr.Zhang was sitting in the room,，,lost in thought of the past.,张先生坐在房间里，陷入对往事的回忆中。,注意：,过去分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般必须和句子的主语相一致。,Once set,，,the time cannot be changed.,时间一旦设定就不能更改。,过去分词作状语时，分词前面也可加,once,，,though,，,where,等连词，此时相当于一个含有被动语态的状语从句。,Though beaten(,Though he was beaten),，,he didnt lose heart.,虽然输了，但他并没有灰心。,过去分词作状语与动词,ing,形式作状语时的区别：,过去分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，所表示的动作一般发生在谓语动作之前或与之同时发生即常表示被动和完成。而,v,.,ing,作状语时，与其逻辑主语是主动关系，一般所表示的动作与主句中谓语动作同时发生。,He stood there silently,，,moved to tears.,他静静地站在那里，感动得热泪盈眶。,Reading carefully,，,youll learn something new.,只要你仔细阅读，你会学到一些新的东西。,【,链接训练,】,_ a second time,，,will the man have one more try?,A,Turn down B,If turning down,C,To turn down D,If turned down,【,解析,】,考查过去分词短语作状语。因为主句的主语,the man,和,turn down,之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。,【,答案,】,D,The policeman put down the phone,，,_ with a smile on his face.,A,satisfied B,satisfying,C,to be satisfied D,having satisfied,【,解析,】,考查非谓语动词。,satisfy,意为,“,使,满意,”,，既然人作了主语则用它的过去分词形式作状语。该句的含义是,“,警察放下了电话，脸上露出满意的笑容,”,。,【,答案,】,A,_for his expert advice,，,John is often asked to help others with personal affairs.,A,Having known B,Being known,C,Known D,Knowing,【,解析,】,句意为：由于他的内行的建议很出名，约翰常常被要求来帮助别人解决个人事情。,John,与,know,之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作状语，排除,A,、,D,项；又因,B,项强调动作正在被执行与题意不符。故选,C,项。,【,答案,】,C,Jenny was reading a piece of science fiction,，,completely _ to the outside world.,A,having lost,B,being lost,C,losing,D,lost,【,解析,】,考查非谓语动词。,lost,是形容词，后半句是形容词短语表示状态。,【,答案,】,D,_ in the cage for half a day,，,the bird became hungry.,A,Being kept B,Kept,C,Having been kept D,Have been kept,【,解析,】,句意为：小鸟被关在笼子里半天了，饿极了。由句意可知,for half a day,作时间状语，并且和后面的动作,became,具有明显的先后顺序，故用分词完成式来表示。,【,答案,】,C,