被动语态的基本用法.doc

。被动语态的基本用法 文章来源：不详 更新时间：2007-5-10 0:34:52 被动语态的基本用法一. 何时使用被动语态 1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要 如：Paper is made from wood. The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. He was wounded in the fight. 2. 需要强调动作的承受者时 如：Calwlator cant be used in the maths exam. Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away. He was awarded first prize in that contest. 3为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态，或由于修饰的需要，使用被动语态，使句子得以更好的安排。 如：The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. Electricity is used to run machines. 二. 被动语态的构成 1. be+done 可以是被动语态，也可以是系表结构形式。被动语态中，done可以带by短语，而系表结构中done相当于adj. 不带 by短语。 如：The question is settled. (系表结构) Such questions are settled by us. (被动语态) The composition is well written. (系表结构) The composition is written with great care . (被动语态) The job was well done. (系表结构) The job was well done by a skilled worker. (被动语态) 2. 许多verbs(broken, interested, shut, worried), 既可以用做adj.也可以在被动语态结构中做过去分词。句中如果有by，通常是被动语态。 如：I was worried abeutyou all night. (表状态) I was worried by mosquitoes all night. (表动作) The glass was broken by Jack. (表动作) The glass is broken. (表状态) I was frightened by his ghost story. She was frightened at the sight of a snake. 三. 不同形式的被动语态 1. 含有直宾和间宾的主动结构，变为被动时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动一般是主语结构的间接宾语变为被动的主语。 如：He showed me his pictures. I was shown his pictures by him. His pictures were shown to me by him. Aunt made me a new dress. I was made a new dress by aunt. A new dress was made for me by aunt. He sent me a birthday present. I was sent a birthday present by him. A birthday present was sent to me by him. 2含有复合宾语的主动句，宾补不变。 （1） 将宾语变为主语，宾补不变。 如：They call her XiaoLi. She is called XiaoLi. He left the door open. The door war left open by him. （2） make, let, have,hear, watch, see, feel, notice. help既动词后变做宾补的不定式一般不加to，变为被动，必须加to . 如：My brother often made me do this and that when I was young. I was often made to do this and that by my brother when I young. I heard her move about in her room upstairs last night. She was heard to move about in her room uptairs last night. Did you see Jack take away the magazine? Was Jack seen to take away the magazine? 3. 情态动词的被动语态。是由情态V+be+p.p.构成 如：They can not find him. He can not be found. You must pay me for this. I must be paid for this. He can repair your watch. Your watch can be repaired. 4. 短语V的被动语态 一般来讲，只有及物V才有被动语态，因为只有vt才能有动作的承受者; 但有许多由不及物动词+介词及其他词类构成的短语动词，相当与及物动词，可以有宾语。因而可以有被动语态，但应注意短语V是一个不可分割的整体。变被动时，不可丢掉构成短语的prep或adv.这样的短语有：look after, listen to, look at, pay attention to, take care of, look forward to, make ues of,etc. 如：They had put out the fire before the fire-brigade arrived. The fire had been put out before the fire-brigade arrived. They will set up a new public school here. A new public school will be set up here. 5. 有些动词用主动形式表被动含义。. 如：The goods sells well. The door cant open. 6.有些词如want,need,require和 be worth后面，v-ing形式为主动，意义为被动。 如：The room needs/wants/requires cleaning. The book is worth reading. 7.主动语态中的宾语是从句，变成被动时使用形式替代词it. 如：We know that Britain is an island country. Its known that Britain is an island country. The teacher said that this book has been translated into several languages Its said that this book has been franslated into several languages 8. 宾语为反身代词，相互代词及虚词it时，不用被动，只用主动。 如：I will do it myself. The man introduced himself as Mr. Wang. 9. 谓语动词是以下时，无被动。 happen, belong to, suit, fit(适合), have, let, join, fall, last（延长）,cost（花费） break out（爆发）appear, burst out(迸发)，hold(容纳)，lack（缺乏），agree with（同意）. 10. 据说类动词：say,consider, think, report, know, believe, suggest, understand, hope, etc. 如：It is said that There is said to be Sth./Sb. is said to 11.主动形式表被动 感官动词：sound,taste,smell,fell,look,seem等主语是物时； 一些vi主动形式表被动含义open, close, shut, read, write, translate, wash, clean, lock, sell, wear, cut, cook, eat, weigh, drink, pay, draw, etc. 不定式to blame,to let（出租）作表语时，主动形式表被动含义 表（sth）需要的need ,want,require等后的动名词用主动形式表被动含义 be worth后的动名词主动形式表被动含义 英语九百句第六册 文章来源：不详 更新时间：2007-5-10 0:34:51 一、 Countries And Nationalities 国家和国籍 751. Where are you from? 你来自哪儿？ 752. Whats your nationality? 你是什么国籍？ 753. Whats your motherland? 你祖国是哪儿？ 754. Are you a native Chinese? 你是土生土长的中国人吗？ 755. Whats the population of China? 中国有多少人口？ 756. How many provinces do you have? 你们有多少个区？ 757. Whats the capital of your country? 贵国首都是哪儿？ 758. I come from Japan. 我来自日本。 759. I was born in China and brought up in the U.S.A. 我出生在中国，在美国长大。 760. My country has an area of 500,000 square kilometers. 我国面积五十万平里。 761. The capital of my country id Beijing. 我国首都是北京。 762. We have 50 provinces. 我们有50个省。 763. My country is rich in natural resources. 我国自然资源丰富。 764. That nation is famous for its tourism. 那个国家以旅游业闻名。 765. The biggest festival in my country is the Spring Festival. 我国最大的节日是春节。 二、 Geography And Land Features 地理和地貌 766. Geographically, China is located in the Northern Hemisphere. 从地理位置上说，中国位于北半球。 767. In this country, the weather is usually very awful. 在这个国家，天气通常十分恶劣。 768. It is a very beautiful country with many mountains. 这是一个多山的美丽国度。 769. This country is famous for its beautiful lakes. 这个国家以其美丽的湖泊而闻名于世。 770. The land in this region is rather dry and parched. 这片土地十分干燥。 771. Along the northern coast of this continent, there are many crags. 沿该大陆的北海岸线上有许多峭壁。 772. In Brazil, many ancient forests are very well preserves. 在巴西，古老的森林保存十分完好。 773. Lumbering is very important in some underdeveloped countries. 在一些不发达的国家，伐木业十分重要。 774. The scenery is very beautiful in the small islands in the Pacific Oceans. 太平洋上一些小岛的景色十分优美。 775. What kind of climate do you have in this country? 这个国家的气候如何？ 776. In the west of America, there are many high peeks and deep canyons. 在美国西部有许多高峰和深谷。 777. Which one is the longest river in China? 中国哪条河流最长？ 778. Do you get much rain in summer? 这里夏天雨水多吗？ 779. Is the plain along the river good for farming? 河畔的平原易于发展农业吗？ 780. Its cold and foggy in London at this time of the year. 在每年的这个时候，伦敦寒冷而多雾。 三、 School And Education 学校和教育 781. Every one must receive 9 years of compulsory education. 每人必须接受九年的义务教育。 782. Children enter primary school at the age of 7. 孩子们7岁进小学。 783. Some students quit school due to poverty. 一些学生因贫困而辍学。 784. There is fierce competition in the college Entrance Examination. 高考竞争激烈。 785. He majored in Computers. 他主修计算机。 786. She is working for her double major in English and Economics. 她正在修英语和经济双学位。 787. I graduated from Yale University 5 years ago. 五年前，我从耶鲁大学毕业。 788. It is desirable to apply to good schools. 申请好学校是令人向往的。 789. Mary is in her freshman year. 玛丽大学一年级。 790. Lily is a Sophomore now. 莉莉现在大学二年级。 791. Mike is already a junior. 迈克已经大学三年级了。 792. As a senior, Peter is writing his thesis. 作为大学四年级学生，彼得正在写毕业论文。 793. Mr. Green is a member of the faculty. 格林先生是大学教员。 794. In Britain, there are open universities. 在英国，有成人大学。 795. There are many training classed and night classes. 有许多培训班与夜校。 四、 About Jobs 关于工作 796. What does your father do? 你父亲做什么工作？ 797. He is a doctor. He has his own practice. 他是个医生，他自己开业。 798. Do you have any plan for your career? 你对未来有什么计划吗？ 799. I want to be a pilot of possible. 如果可能的话，我想做个飞行员。 800. I hope that I can get a decent job with a good salary. 我希望有一份既体面，收入又高的工作。 801. I have an interview next week. 我下周要参加考试。 802. Tom has opened his own business while his classmates are still slogging away at school. 当汤姆的 同学还在学校苦读时，他已经开始了自己的事业。 803. I like writing, but I wouldnt take it as my career. 我喜欢协作但不愿以此为职业。 804. I worked as an intern in that firm last summer. 去年夏天我在那家商行实习。 805. Hes a very efficient young man though a little proud. 他是个很有能力的人，但是有点骄傲。 806. He made a successful career in business. 他的商务生涯十分成功。 807. My cousin has just been promoted to the rank of major. 我表兄刚被提升为上校。 808. He is a manager of a famous corporation. 他是一家著名公司的经理。 809. The statesman retired as the mayor of New York. 那位政治家退休时是纽约市市长。 810. He was appointed president of the committee recently. 他最近被任命为那个革命会的总裁。 五、 Farms And Factories 农场和工厂 811. This area is noted for its rich soil. 这个地区以土壤肥沃著称。 812. The place is too stony for farming. 这地方太多石块，不适合耕种。 813. In the flat country, people grow wheat and raise cattle. 在这平坦的乡间，人们种指小麦，饲养牲畜。 814. He has bought 10 tractors for the village. 他为村里买了10台拖拉机。 815. Whats the typical farm product in this region? 这个地区典型的农产品是什么？ 816. At this time of the year farmers begin to plow their fields. 每年这个时候，农民们开始犁地。 817. Have you milked the cows? 你已经挤过奶了吗？ 818. Pile the hay in the corner. 把干草堆到边上。 819. Whats the average yearly output of cars in your factory? 你们厂平均年产汽车多少台？ 820. The meat packing industry is developing fast. 肉类加工业发展迅速。 821. Car manufacturers are having a bad time. 汽车制造商的日子不好过。 822. State-owned enterprises are getting out of difficulty. 国有企业开始走上坡路。 823. How many workshops are there in your factory? 你们厂有多少车间？ 824. The computer industry is booming. 计算机业繁荣起来。 825. The information industry helps boost the global economy. 信息业推进全球经济发展。 六、 About Hobbies 关于爱好 826. Do you have any hobbies? 你有什么爱好吗？ 827. What are you interested in? 你对什么比较感兴趣？ 828. What are your interests? 你的爱好是什么？ 829. What do you do in your spare time? 空闲时间你干什么？ 830. How do you spend your evenings? 夜生活你都是怎么过的？ 831. Lots of people like stamp collecting. 许多人喜欢集邮。 832. I am a Michael Jordan fan. 我是迈克尔乔丹迷。 833. Does his film appeal to you? 你喜欢他的电影吗？ 834. Do you go on picnics? 你常去郊游吗？ 835. I particularly like English literature. 我对英国文学情有独钟。 836. Whats so interesting about football? We girls dont like it. 足球有什么意思？我们女生不喜欢它。 837. She has a particular interest in painting. 她特别爱好绘画。 838. I often take my mind off my work by reading an interesting novel. 通常我通过阅读小说使我的注意力从工作上转移过来。 839. He plays violin just for enjoyment. 他拉小提琴只是为了自娱自乐。 840. Photography is an expensive hobby. 摄影是门花费很多的爱好。 七、 Recreational Activities 文体活动 841. Whats your favorite sport? 你最喜欢什么活动？ 842. I like football. 我最喜欢足球。 843. What position do you play? 你踢什么位置？ 844. Im a catcher. 我是个接球员（垒球运动中）。 845. Our team beat their team yesterday. 昨天，我们队打败了他们队。 846. We are sure to defeat them. 我们一定会打败他们。 847. How many years have you been playing pingpong? 你打乒乓球多少年了？ 848. My favorite winter sport is skiing. 我最喜欢的动机运动是滑雪。 849. The basketball championship is exciting. 那次篮球冠军赛真激动人心。 850. I was on the track team 10 years ago. 十年前，我在田径队。 851. I prefer fishing to swimming. 比起游泳，我更喜欢钓鱼。 852. She is a member of the ski club. 她是滑雪俱乐部的成员。 853. The hardest thing to learn is to be a good loser. 最难学的一点是做一个输的起的人。 854. My class went camping last summer. 去年夏天我们班去露营了。 855. Hes good at lifting weights. 他善于举重。八、 About Newspapers And Magazines 关于报纸杂志 856. I subscribed to a lot of periodicals last year. 去年我订了许多期刊。 857. Tom reads newspapers in the afternoon. 汤姆下午读报。 858. What kind of newspapers do you read? 你读什么样的报纸？ 859. Newspapers and periodicals keep me updated on current affairs. 报纸和期刊让我了解时事。 860. What column do you like best? 你最喜欢哪个栏目？ 861. Which do you like better, the news or the editorial? 新闻和评论你最喜欢看哪个？ 862. Do you read advertisements too? 你也看广告吗？ 863. I recommend to you Time and Newsweek. They are excellent. 我向你推荐时代和新闻周刊，它们很棒。 864. Fashion is a very popular magazine in America. 时尚是美国很流行的杂志。 865. Whats the circulation of this magazine? 这杂志发行量怎么样？ 866. Why dont you put an advertisement in the paper to sell that old car? 为什么不在报上登广告卖旧车呢？ 867. I once took a part-time job delivering the Evening Post. 我曾干过送晚报的兼职。 868. Have you read the article about the rescue of the hostage? 你看了关于营救人质的文章了吗？ 869. There was much news in the morning paper today. 今天的晨报上有许多新闻。 870. My friend Tom is a reporter for the New York Times. 我朋友汤姆是纽约时报的记者。 九、 Radio And TV 收音机和电视机 871. What channel are you watching now? 现在你在看哪个新闻？ 872. Theres TV coverage of the NBA tournament. 有个NBA联赛的电视报道。 873. Do you have a TV guide? 你有电视节目吗？ 874. Youll be on air in two minutes. 两分钟以后你会上电视。 875. Channel 5 is off the air now. 五频道已经停止播放。 876. Turn up your radio please. 请你把收音机开响一点儿。 877. We cant get good pictures on our TV set. 我们的电视机图象有问题。 878. Can this radio receive short-wave? 这个收音机能收短波吗？ 879. If you install an outside antenna, you will have better reception. 如果你安装了室外天线，你的电视接受效果会好点。 880. Turn down the radio please. 请放低音量。 881. Well have a soap opera series on TV this week. 这周末我们会在电视上看到一系列肥皂剧。 882. Please tune in next time. 请下次收听。 883. Were broadcasting from London. 我们从伦敦播放。 884. You can receive our program at short wave 37.5 MH. 你可在短波37.5赫兹上收到我们的节目。 885. Theres too much static. 干扰太大。 十、 About Music And Literature 关于音乐和文学 886. Whats your favorite music? 你最喜欢什么音乐？ 887. Do you often go to a concert? 你经常去听音乐会吗？ 888. I hate Jazz. Its too noisy. 我讨厌爵士，太吵了。 889. Do you like pop music? 你喜欢流行音乐吗？ 890. I have never heard the piece before, who wrote it? 我从没听过这首曲子，谁写的？ 891. What do you think of their skill? 你觉得他们演奏技术如何？ 892. I find classical concerts more to my liking than rock concerts. 我觉得古典音乐会比摇滚音乐会更合我胃口。 893. Ive never read a more stirring story. 我从来没读过比这更令人激动的故事。 894. He has a passion for literature. 他很热衷于文学。 895. I am most attracted by Dickens. 狄更斯的作品更吸引我。 896. I never grow tired of novels though I read them everyday. 我每天看小说，但从没厌烦过。 897. On Sundays I often spend some time reading in the library. 星期天我经常在图书馆里看些书。 898. What do think about this poem? 你觉得这首诗怎么样？ 899. I like Shakespeare better than Milton. 与弥尔顿比起来，我更喜欢莎士比亚。 900. How much do you know about the works of George Eliot? 乔治艾略特的作品你知道多少？ 英语九百句第五册 文章来源：不详 更新时间：2007-5-10 0:34:50 一、 Talking About Feelings 叙述感受 601. You look radiant tonight. 你今晚真是光彩照人。 602. It was a terrible experience. 那是一次可怕的经历。 603. I am on top of the world. 我高兴到了极点。 604. The dinner was wonderful. 晚餐棒极了。 605. The Christmas tree is gorgeous. 圣诞树真华美。 606. What a boring movie it is! 多么无聊的一场电影啊。 607. How can he give us such a tedious lecture! 他怎么能做这么沉闷乏味的演讲。 608. How fragrant the flowers are! 这些花真香！ 609. The party is making too much noise. 这次聚会太吵了。 610. You look elegant in that dress. 你穿这条裙子显的很漂亮。 611. The coat doesnt suit you. 这件外衣不太适合你。 612. His flattery makes me sick. 他的恭维让我恶心。