2015-2016人教版高中英语选修八Unit-55.3.doc

5.3 新提升·课时作业
Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．We ________ (work) on it for many hours, but we have not yet reached any conclusion.
2．Tell the students to stop shouting. We ________ (write) our essays now.
3．This is the first time the students ________ (go) to Hyde Park.
4．She ________ (do) her mother's work since she was admitted into the hospital.
5．We have sometimes accidents on this line, but no accidents ________ (occur) since last winter.
6．Even though he ________ (prepare) for the competition for several months, he is still not sure about it.
7．Since she lost her job, she ________ (study)to prepare for another one.
8．It ________ (rain) without stop for almost a week here.
9．She came to live in Yantai the year before and ________ (live) there since.
10．—I have got a headache.
—No wonder. You ________ (sit) in front of the computer too long.
答案：
1．have been working　2.are writing　3.have gone
4．has been doing　5.have occurred　6.has been preparing　7.has been studying　8.has been raining　9.has been living　10.have been sitting
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．She ________________ for 6 hours and still cannot wake up.
她已经睡了六个小时了，到现在还叫不醒。
2．The tobacco industry __________________ to improve its image.
烟草行业一直在试图改善其形象。
3．It has come to our knowledge that you __________________ the company.
据我们了解你一直欺骗公司。
4．Jim ____________________ Jenny every night for the past week.
一星期以来吉姆每天晚上给詹妮打电话。
5．Where ____________________？ We ______________________ everywhere.
你到哪里去了？我们到处在找你。
答案：
1．has been sleeping　2.has been trying　3.have been cheating　4.has been phoning　5.have you been; have been looking for you
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．I arrived late. I didn't expect the traffic was so heavy.
________________________________________________________________________
2．You have worked in front of the computer too long. You must take a break now.
________________________________________________________________________
3．No decision will make until our manager comes back.
________________________________________________________________________
4．The old machine has been repaired at the moment, so we can't use it now.
________________________________________________________________________
5．Will these flowers water in a few minutes?
________________________________________________________________________
6．Sorry, no tea or coffee is serving in our restaurant.
________________________________________________________________________
7．I know nothing about him. I didn't see him since we graduated from college.
________________________________________________________________________
8．The moment I got to the station, I found the train left.
________________________________________________________________________
9．Stop making the noise. A news report has been broadcast and I want to listen.
________________________________________________________________________
10．I like these poems and they are read many times by my Chinese teacher.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：
1．didn't expect→hadn't expected　2.have worked→have been working　3.make→be made　4.has been→is being　5.water→be watered　6.serving→served　7.didn't see→haven't seen　8.left→had left　9.has been broadcast→is being broadcast　10.are read→have been read
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
The discovery of a dwarfed (矮个的) “human being” who lived in Flores, Indonesia (印尼), up to 18,000 years ago is changing the way we think about the human family. This “Flores Human” was three feet tall and her brain was smaller than that of the average chimp (黑猩猩), yet she and her relatives apparently lived fully human lives. They seemed to have made tools, worked together to find food and cook it, and perhaps even buried their dead with ceremony.
It was a major surprise to find tools associated with the new human family member. The tools are like those formerly seen only with European fossils (化石) from our own species, Homo sapiens (智人), and the oldest of them were made 94,000 years ago. Homo sapiens is thought to have arrived in the island about 40,000 years ago，much too late to be responsible for the tools. If this_tiny_human made the tools，then the inside structure (结构)of its brain must have been more like our own than a chimp's，despite being just a third the size of ours.
This “new human” was suspected to be a dwarfed branch of Homo erectus (直立人). When creatures are separated in regions with rare resources but few enemies, being big is a disadvantage, and evolution tends to shrink them, a process known as island dwarfing. Could natural selection make a human smaller while keeping—even improving—mental ability? Quite possibly, believes Christopher Wills of the University of California.
Has the “Flores Human” even shown the ability of language? “I find it difficult to imagine that people could make tools, use fire，and kill large animals without fairly advanced communication.” Wills says. Did “Flores Human” possess the basic components of human culture—such as the burying of the dead with ceremony? Emiliano Bruner of the Italian Institute points out that Indonesia's hot，wet environment is bad for fossilization. It is reasonable to assume, he says, that the 18,000－year－old bones of the most complete Flores woman were well－preserved because she was buried with special care.
1．What did the dwarfed “human beings” look like?
A．They were not small.
B．They were very tall.
C．They were 30 inches tall.
D．They were 36 inches tall.
2．According to the passage, “Flores Human” ________.
A．lived a partly human life
B．was a branch of Homo sapiens
C．used tools before Homo sapiens arrived
D．had a brain as a common chimp's
3．The underlined part “this tiny human” in Paragraph 2 refers to ________.
A．a chimp B．Flores Human
C．Homo sapiens D．Homo erectus
4．This passage mainly talks about ________.
A．the tools made by “Flores Human”
B．the language used by “Flores Human”
C．the evolution of “Flores Human”
D．the major surprising findings about “Flores Human”
答案与解析：
1．解析：根据“This ‘Flores Human’ was three feet tall and her brain was smaller ...”看出这些矮人有三英尺高，一英尺等于12英寸。
答案：D
2．解析：由“It was a major surprise to find tools associated with the new human family member. The tools ...ago”推出C项正确。
答案：C
3．解析：词义猜测题。从“a dwarfed(矮个的)‘human being’．..This ‘Flores Human’ ...，If this_tiny_human made the tools, then the inside structure (结构) of its brain must have been more like our own than a chimp's”，以及第三段的“This ‘new human’ was ...”看出，this tiny human意指“Flores Human”。
答案：B
4．解析：主旨大意题。本文主要论述了关于“Flores Human”的主要发现。A、B、C项均为D项的一个方面。
答案：D
B
The oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids (金字塔). They have stood for nearly 5000 years，and it seems likely that they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet. There are over eighty of them scattered (散布) along the banks of the Nile, some of which are different in shape from the true pyramids. The most famous of these are the “Step” pyramid and the “Bent” pyramid.
Some of the pyramids still look as much alike as they must have been when they were built thousands of years ago. Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or, more often, for stones to use in modern buildings. The dry climate of Egypt has helped to keep the pyramids in good condition, and their very shape has made them less likely to fall into ruin. These are good reasons why they can still be seen today, but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last forever.
The “Step” pyramid had to be on the west side of the Nile，the side on which the sun set. This was for spiritual reasons. It also had to stand well above the level of the river to protect it against the regular floods. It could not be too far from the Nile, however，as the stones to build it needed to be carried in boats down the river to the nearest point. Water transport was, of course, much easier than land transport. The builders also had to find a rock base，which was not likely to crack (破裂) under the great weight of the pyramid. Finally，it had to be near the capital, or better still near the king's palace so that he could visit it easily to personally check the progress being made on the final resting place for his body.
5．According to the passage, the “Step” pyramid ________.
A．is unlikely to fall into ruin in the near future
B．was built on the banks along the Nile
C．is one that was built later than the true pyramids
D．is the most famous of the true pyramids
6．The most important reason why some pyramids remain in good condition is that ________.
A．people have taken good care of them
B．it doesn't rain often in Egypt
C．they were well designed
D．the government has protected them from damage
7．Most of the damage to the pyramids has been caused by ________.
A．the regular floods
B．the dry climate of Egypt
C．the special shape of the pyramids
D．people in search of building materials
8．The Egyptians built the pyramids along the banks of the Nile because ________.
A．they believed in their god
B．it was difficult to find a large rock base far from the Nile
C．the river helped a lot in the transport of building materials
D．it was not easy to choose a suitable place for the pyramids
答案与解析：
5．解析：细节理解题。从第一段第二句话“They have stood for nearly 5000 years, and it seems likely that they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet.”可以看出金字塔不可能受损，A项中的unlikely意为“不可能”。本文主要介绍了埃及的金字塔能保存长久的原因及其中被称为Step的金字塔建立在尼罗河西侧的原因。
答案：A
6．解析：细节理解题。可从第二段最后一句“These are good reasons why they can still be seen today, but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last forever.”看出原因有很多，但最重要的是合理的设计。
答案：C
7．解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中“Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or, more often, for stones to use in modern buildings.”的“more often”看出金字塔所遭受的损害大部分出自于那些寻宝人之手，事实上更多的时候，他们是寻找可用于现代建筑中的石头。可以判定造成损坏最主要的原因是人们偷取建筑材料。
答案：D
8．解析：细节理解题。从文中最后一段“Water transport was, of course, much easier than land transport.”可知，水路运输要比陆路运输容易得多。
答案：C
Ⅴ.短文改错
It was snowing heavily in Monday morning. Li Hua was at the bus stop，waited for Bus No. 601 to go to school. After a while, a bus came and she got on them. There were much passengers in the bus. Some were talking and some were looking out of the windows. Suddenly the bus stops. The driver turned around and said, “Sorry. The bus has been broken down. Please get off and help push the bus.” Before they heard this, Li Hua and the other passengers got off the bus. We worked together，pushing the bus slow forward. Soon the bus was running again. All the passengers was smiling and the sun was shining.
答案：
It was snowing heavily Monday morning. Li Hua was at the bus stop， for Bus No. 601 to go to school. After a while, a bus came and she got on . There were passengers in the bus. Some were talking and some were looking out of the windows. Suddenly the bus . The driver turned around and said, “Sorry. The bus has broken down. Please get off and help push the bus.” they heard this, Li Hua and the other passengers got off the bus. worked together, pushing the bus forward. Soon the bus running again. All the passengers was smiling and the sun was shining.

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