CK0620型微型数控车床的设计和研发.doc

CK0620型微型数控车床的设计和研发

摘要 数控机床是装备制造业的基础,振兴装备制造业首先要振兴数控机床业。一个国家数控机床业的水平已经成为衡量该国制`造业水平、工业现代化程度和国家综合竞争力的重要标志,直接关系到国家经济建设和国防安全及战略地位。数控车床作为一个重要的组成部分， ...

<p>摘要<br />
机床是装备制造业的基础,振兴装备制造业首先要振兴机床业。一个国家数控机床业的水平已经成为衡量该国制`造业水平、工业现代化程度和国家综合竞争力的重要标志,直接关系到国家经济建设和国防安全及战略地位。数控车床作为一个重要的组成部分，对其研究有着重要的意义。<br />
CK0620型微型数控车床是一种多功能的台式车床。它具有简单实用、操作方便、高性价比等特点，能实现直线、锥度、圆弧、螺纹等复杂的零件加工，并可作为教学用机床。对其研究,可以对数控车床的基本原理、基本结构有所了解，为以后的工作打好基础。<br />
本文主要针对CK0620型车床的主轴系统、进给驱动系统、数控系统作为主要研究对象。该机床主轴系统采用变频电机驱动与箱内减速器组合，进给系统采用步进电机驱动与滚珠丝杆螺母副传动组合，使得该机床结构简单、操作容易、加工精度较高等特点。<br />
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关键词：数控车床，主轴系统，进给系统，数控系统<br />
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ABSTRACT<br />
NC machine tools is the basis of the equipment manufacturing industry, revitalizing the equipment manufacturing industry is first necessary to revitalize the NC machine tool industry. A country's level of CNC machine tool industry has become of an important sign of the country's manufacturing industry to measure the level of industrial modernization and the country's comprehensive competitiveness , directly bearing on national economic construction and national defense and national security and strategic position. CNC lathe as a key component of the research is of important significance. <font color='#9a9a9a'></font> <br />
Micro-CNC lathe of CK0620 is a multi-functional desktop lathe. It is simple and practical, user-friendly, cost-effective, and other characteristics, to achieve a straight line, taper, arc, thread and other parts of the complex processing, and as a teaching machine. From the research, we can know the basic principle and the basic structure of the CNC lathe, laying a good foundation for future work.<br />
This main content of the paper is studying the spindle system, the feed drive system, the NC system. The machine spindle motor drive system uses frequency reducer combination with the box, feeding system using stepper motor-driven ball screw and nut combination of transmission, making the machine structure is simple, easy to use, high precision machining and other features.<br />
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Key words: CNC lathes, spindle system, feeding system, the NC system<br />
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本文是针对CK0620型微型数控车床的研发，经过设计、分析、计算，该机床主要有以下特点：<br />
1) 主轴采用主轴变频电机驱动，可以实现无级变速。 <span class='Jan968'></span> <br />
2) 主轴减速器设计在主轴箱体内，电机轴直接作为输入轴，主轴直接作为输出轴输出动力，简化了结构、缩短了传动链、提高了传动效率。<br />
3) 进给系统采用步进电机加滚珠丝杆螺母副组合，可以实现开环精确控制。<br />
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机床的主要技术参数：<br />
项&nbsp; 目&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 技术参数/单位<br />
床身最大加工直径&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 200 mm<br />
最大加工工件长度&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 260 mm<br />
X轴最高进给速度&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3000 mm/min<br />
Z轴最高进给速度&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1500 mm/min<br />
X轴脉冲当量&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0.002 mm<br />
Z轴脉冲当量&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0.004 mm<br />
主轴通孔直径&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 15 mm<br />
主轴转速&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 300-3000 r/min<br />
主电机功率&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2.2 KW<br />
机床外型尺寸&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 745&times;500&times;300 mm3 </p>
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<p><br />
目&nbsp;&nbsp; 录&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 字<br />
中文摘要&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ⅰ<br />
ABSTRACT&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ⅱ<br />
1绪论&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1<br />
&nbsp; 1.1 数控车床现状以及发展趋势&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1<br />
&nbsp; 1.2 毕业设计的主要内容与任务&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2 总体方案的设计&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3<br />
2.1 主轴系统方案设计&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3<br />
&nbsp; 2.2 进给系统方案设计&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4<br />
2.3 控制系统方案设计&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 6<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3 主轴系统的设计&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 7<br />
3.1 交流主轴电机的结构特点&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 7<br />
&nbsp; 3.2 变频调速原理&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 7<br />
3.3 主轴电机的选择&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 9<br />
3.4 减速器的齿轮参数&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 9<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4 进给系统的设计&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 10 <p class='Jan968'></p> <br />
4.1 步进电机的特点&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 10<br />
&nbsp; 4.2滚珠丝杆螺母副的特点&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 11<br />
4.3 纵向进给系统的设计&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 12<br />
4.4 横向进给系统的设计&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 20<br />
4.5 步进传动齿轮间歇的消除&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 26<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5 控制系统的设计&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 29<br />
5.1 系统框图分析&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 29<br />
&nbsp; 5.2 电路原理说明&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 31<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 6 结论&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 35<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 参考文献&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 36<br />
含 任务书 开题报告 <p class='Jan968'></p> </p><P></P>
<p>摘&nbsp; 要<br />
众所周知水资源是人类生存与发展最宝贵的自然资源,然而随着经济发展和人口的增加,城市面积的扩大,带来了城市用水量和生活废水量的不断增多,从而使城市水资源的供需矛盾日益突出,水成为城市发展的最大制约因素。得在水资源非常宝贵的今天，污水处理和回用异常重要。据本人调查得出在目前国内外的各种污水处理方案中，絮凝剂、助凝剂的使用是其中必不可少的一种辅助措施，这样用于溶解及投加这种物质的设备在污水处理工程中的应用在国内外都非常的普遍。<br />
资料显示在以前的污水处理中，活药装置大多是用人工来控制的。然而这种方式存在很多问题，比如药剂用量的不准确，控制缺少及时性等，而这都会影响到污水水质的处理结果，而且对于几万元一吨造价昂贵的高分子絮凝剂来期非科学性的用量造成的资金损失也是非常可观的。<br />
所以本文根据污水处理工程中的实际出现的问题，提供了一种全自动加药系统。文中本人通过对在搅拌过程中容易产生振动和偏摆的搅拌轴和搅拌浆叶，用有限元法进行子分析，确定了搅拌轴的临界转速，校核了搅拌桨叶的强度；并通过分析核算给出整个系统中其它主要设备的设计说明。<br />
本系统的主要优点为：&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />
1)通过液位计来控制药罐内的液面高度，使得在加药系统全自动运行时，药液浓度恒定。 <br />
1) By equipped with level indicators. We can easy to know the liquid level in the tanks. Also when the operation is completely automatic, the density of the agent is constant.<br />
2）The design of the storage tank's volume is reasonable. It can meet both the requirement for the dissolution tank to let off the agent every two hours, and the flow requirement for the measuring pump to feed the flocculating device continuously. <br />
3) with the help of the mixing in the mixing machine, a unique technique of agent soakage is achieved. The PAM can achive a high drgree. Also it can make the uneven dissolution of the flocculating agent is avoided. By use the heating depository can prevent the dry flocculating agent from agglomeration due to damp.<br />
4) The rotate speed of the spiral feeder is fitable. To make sure, the quantity of the agent can be adjusted according to the worksite conditions, the effective density of the agent is ensured；<br />
5）The controlling system can continuous work, safe and reliable also it is stable. <br />
第3章&nbsp; 污水处理的全自动加药系统的主要设备的设计 .﹙19﹚<br />
第3.1节&nbsp; 絮凝剂浸润系统的总体构成...................﹙19﹚<br />
第3.2节&nbsp; 搅拌轴设计..................................﹙21）<br />
第3.2.1节&nbsp; 强度计算..................................﹙21）<br />
第3.2.2节&nbsp; 搅拌轴刚度校核............................﹙23）<br />
第3.2.3节&nbsp; 临界转速校核..............................﹙24）<br />
第3.3节&nbsp; 搅拌器的设计................................﹙25）<br />
第3.3.1节&nbsp; 特性与结构................................﹙25）<br />
第3.3.2节&nbsp; 确定搅拌器功率N...........................﹙26）<br />
第3.3.3节&nbsp; 强度计算..................................﹙27）<br />
第3.4节&nbsp; 电动机功率..................................﹙29）<br />
第3.5节&nbsp; 搅拌罐的设计................................﹙30）<br />
第3.6节&nbsp; 搅拌附件的设计..............................﹙32）<br />
第3.7节&nbsp; 计量加药装置的设计..........................﹙32）<br />
第3.7.1节&nbsp; 计量加药装置的结构设计....................﹙32） <br />
第3.7.2节&nbsp; 螺旋设计..................................﹙33）<br />
第3.8节&nbsp; 加热料仓设计................................﹙38）<br />
第3.9节&nbsp; 给水加料系统................................﹙40）<br />
第4章&nbsp; 自动化控制系统的设计﹙42）<br />
第4.1节&nbsp; 工作过程....................................﹙42）<br />
第4.2节&nbsp; 设计方案....................................﹙46）<br />
第4.2.1节&nbsp; 系统硬件设计..............................﹙46）<br />
第4.2.2 系统PLC的选择...............................﹙46﹚<br />
第4.3节&nbsp; 主电路电器组件的选择........................﹙47）<br />
第4.4节&nbsp; 操作面板的布置..............................﹙48）<br />
第4.5节&nbsp; 系统软件设计................................﹙49）<br />
第4.5.1节&nbsp;&nbsp; PLC的1/O分配表..........................﹙49）<br />
第4.5.2节&nbsp; 电气控制设计..............................﹙50）<br />
第5 章&nbsp; 总结与展望..﹙56） <span class='Qhx146'></span> <br />
第5.1节&nbsp; 设备部分....................................﹙56）<br />
第5.2节&nbsp; 控制系统....................................﹙58）<br />
参考文献﹙59）<br />
附录﹙63）<br />
翻译.......................................﹙65﹚<br />
致谢 ﹙76﹚<br />
&nbsp; <p class='Qhx146'></p> </p><P></P>
<p>摘&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 要<br />
（一）电机机座钻孔组合机床是大型组合机床，它的配置型式具有固定式液压夹紧的单工位组合机床，这类组合机床夹具和工作台都是固定不动的，动力滑台实现进给运动。滑台上的动力箱实现切削运动，根据工件结构特点，以及精确要求，采用结合面为定值基准面。 在基准面对应的另一圆柱面上，用压块压紧，由于结合面的加工精度较高，以它为基面，完全可以达到要求的加工精度。<br />
（二）几何机床总体设计----三图一卡①&ldquo;被加工零件工序图&rdquo;它是组合机床的设计的主要依据，它是制造使用，检修和调整机床的重要技术条件②绘制加工示意图，它是刀具夹具，多轴箱，液压电器装置设计及通用部件选择主要原始资料，它是调整机床，刀具及试车依据。③绘制联系和运动关系及检验机床各部件相对于位置及联系是否满足加工要求，通用部件的选择是否合适，并为进一步开展主轴箱，夹具等专用部件，零件的设计提供依据。④相对生产率计算卡，它用来反映机床的加工过程，完成这一动作所需要的时间，切削用量，机床生产率及机床负荷率。<br />
(三)组合机床主轴箱设计，按专用要求进行设计，由通用零件组成，其主要作用是根据被加工零件的要求，安排各主轴位置并将动力和运动由电机或动力部件传给各主轴，使之得到要求的转速，机床主轴箱选用400*400,用中间传动轴带动主轴传动。 <br />
（四）夹具设计<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 在前述定位基准面选择的前提下，用摆动式压板杠杆夹紧结构，夹紧力经验算可以保证。<br />
以上设计内容是本设计要求独立完成的部分，设计顺序按设计任务速度，计划表工作量完成1号图3张，0号图2张，设计说明书译文各一份。<br />
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SUMMARY<br />
(一) Single-face&nbsp; heriZontol<br />
Combmtvin&nbsp; drilling&nbsp; machine&nbsp; is a large combination machine it adept a dispose form. The form has a fixed fitture&rsquo;s single working location combination.<br />
This kind of combination machine fitture and working bench are all fixed. Powen-sliding plat makes advam cry mourent. The power box on the power sliding plat from made scatting movement.This comgination and agle in instuit and is comvenient in desxging making and operating .Acording to precision demerd it adopt a datum place fixed in side .It is lined light with apr&egrave;s lump on the other lylinder side against the datum palne .Itcan read working prelistion indemard a wording to the datum plane. Bacause of it is high working precision in side besides it has a round hole in high precision in side. It has a threaceling hole on the ohassion. <p class='Ofs911'></p> <br />
It can make full use of the strulture charactlst of the work piece. To design two short round cancel in the round hole in the side. To limit three degrees .To design acutside cancel on the bassface the battom. To limit one free degree. To limit three free degree one the deofimtine datum plane.It definet up a ccnrately and it&rsquo;s fixture power is depene.<br />
(二)To desing the combination machine body-therr draning and one carcl that is ① the working orther draning of the working spares . it&rsquo;s the major basis of the combination maching body. It&rsquo;s a important paper in making using excmining and rensing maching .②To draw working schematw. Drawing&nbsp; it&rsquo;s for design a cutting tool. Assist tool afixture a multiple axle box hydravlive,pressure and a deetric capacity derise and important first hand date of the natirrad. Pants chovced and it&rsquo;s a rewse machine kinf tool and the mgor basis for the test run.③ To draw the relation dimension drawing the relation dimension drawing is to impress the matual .assembly nelation&nbsp; and the motin redation of the each form spanes of the machine.in order to enamine the relative .Pustion of all the machine spares and if the dimersion nelational .Spares is fix ,in the disigerents of dere loping the main axle box fixtrer&rsquo;s special purpose pats.④Todesign the machin productirilg planning card .It&rsquo;swod to report the working process of the machine to finish the need tine the cutting capacity the machine producticity and machine&rsquo;s rate for the cach activity. <span class='Ofs911'></span> <br />
(三)To design the comuination machine main axle box .To design it a cocording to the special cemoncl.It&rsquo;s made up of the mational pants.As magin use is to arrange the position of all the mational axle box and transrnit the power and the motion to all the main axle by the electrical machinery or the power pants .According to the working demands of the worked pants and make it taget the demand transpont speed.The machine main axle is mode in side 400*400. It&rsquo;sdraved by the mediwm drive.<br />
(四)To desing the fixture <br />
First to choice the forer word fixed position datum plane.It&rsquo;s fixed by swing depressor fixtume structure the despower can be assured by checking computations.<br />
Above all,the design ments is the indepent part of this desing ment devnand .The design order is made according to the programme suface of the desing task cuel the raste of progress the work amout will be finished in two preces of draning paperl three pieces of draning paper one piece of . </p><P></P>
<p>Z3050摇臂钻床壳体的加工工艺及工装设备(含工序卡)(包含任务书,论文说明书字,7张cad,工序卡)<br />
摘要<br />
壳体的加工质量将直接影响机器的性能和使用寿命。本次设计旨在提高Z3050摇臂钻床壳体的加工效率，由此我们首先对壳体的结构特征和工艺进行了仔细的分析，然后确定了一套合理的加工方案，加工方案要求简单，操作方便，并能保证零件的加工质量。在制定加工工艺规程的顺序如下：<br />
1分析被加工零件；<br />
2选择毛坯；<br />
3设计工艺过程：包括划分工艺过程的组成，选择定位基准，选择零件表面的加工方法，安排加工顺序等；<br />
4工序设计：包括选择机床和工艺装备，确定加工余量，计算工序尺寸及其公差，确定切削用量及计算工时等；<br />
5编制工艺文件。<br />
此外，为了提高劳动生产率，降低劳动强度，保证加工质量，需设计专用夹具，本次设计选择了第八道工序钻5- 17，M48，M16的夹具设计，以满足加工过程的需要。<br />
关键词：壳体; 工艺规程; 夹具<br />
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Abstract： The shell processing quality directly will affect the machine the performance and the service life. This design is for the purpose of enhancing the Z3050 radial drill drilling machine shell the processing efficiency, first has carried on the careful analysis from this us to the shell structure characteristic and the craft, then had determined set of reasonable processings plans, the processing plan request are simple, the ease of operation, and can guarantee the components the processing quality. In formulation processing technological process order as follows: <br />
1 analysis is processed the components;<br />
2 choices semifinished materials;<br />
3 designs technological process: Including division technological process composition, preferred orientation datum, choice components surface processing method, arrangement processing order and so on;<br />
4 working procedures designs: Including chooses the engine bed and the craft equipment, the determination processing remainder, the computation working procedure size and its the common difference, the determination cutting specifications and the computation man-hour and so on;<br />
5 establishments technological document.<br />
In addition, in order to enhance the labor productivity, reduces the labor intensity, guaranteed the processing quality, must design the unit clamp, this design chose the eighth working procedure to drill 5- 17, M48, the M16 jig design, by satisfied the processing process the need.<br />
Key word: Shell; technological process; <br />
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本次设计是提高Z3050摇臂钻床壳体的加工效率，适应壳体镗面和加工孔的要求，设计正确的加工工艺路线，以及某道工序的夹具。这次设计涉及到机床，机械加工工艺，工装夹具等机制专业的几乎所有的专业基础知识，是一次全面，系统地检查自己在大学期间对专业知识学习的情况，在整个设计过程中做到严谨认真，一丝不苟的精神，尽量使自己的设计达到理想的水平，通过独立的查找资料，分析，计算完成方案设计，图纸设计和编写技术文件等，设计了这套比较完整的加工工艺路线，使自己对机制专业有了更深刻的认识。 <span class='Ood974'></span> </p>
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<p class='Ood974'></p> <br />

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<p>摘 要:&ldquo;民以食为天&rdquo;，随着生活水平的提高，饮食不再是温饱层面的问题，逐渐提高到&ldquo;饮食文化&rdquo;的层面。因此，本课题将从品牌形象系统的设计入手，作为市场推广的有效手段，帮助我国的本土餐饮发展和壮大。从企业文化理念深入而下，妙言视觉上的突破点，了解市场行情和消费者的心理，重新定义妙言冰淇淋文化，从创意策划到妙言的具体设计和实施，赋予其特有的品牌文化的时代价值感，从而使得妙言的图形、符号、标志设计，应用在实际的案例当中，推广于市场当中去，严格控制其规范制图，达到高度的统一性和完整性；创造出妙言的品牌价值，提高妙言的市场占有率。<br />
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关键字：视觉;图形;符号;标志;品牌;价值 <br />
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&quot;Magic words jelly ice cream&quot; image system<br />
Abstract:&quot;Food&quot;, with the improvement of li