如何用英语描述图表.doc

注意：透过图表所显示的数据，把握背后的原因
三段：图表描述，原因阐释，归纳结论
一、常用表达
1、图形种类及概述法：
图表类型：table（表格）、chart（图表）、diagram（图标）、graph（多指曲线图）、column chart（柱状图）、pie graph（饼图）、tree diagram（树形图）
内容：figure、statistic、number、percentage、proportion
2、常用的描述用法
The table/chart diagram/graph shows （that）
As （is） shown in the table/chart diagram/graph
As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures，
It can be seen from the figures/statistics
It is clear from the figures/statistics
It is apparent from the figures/statistics
table/chart/diagram/graph shows/describes/illustrates/reveal/represent
3、图表中的数据（Data）具体表达法
数据（Data）在某一个时间段固定不变：fixed in time
在一系列的时间段中转变：changes over time
持续变化的data在不同情况下：
上升：increase /grow/rise/climb/go up/jump
In 1990，it increase /decrease from …To…
increase by
It increased almost 3 times, compared with…
The numberof A is 3 times as much as that of 1990
下降：decrease/reduce/decline/fall/shrink
①It accounts for ….percent of the total.
②The number was …,less than a half/third/quarter of the 1990 total.
增加：increase/raise/rise/go up ……
减少：decrease/grow down/drop/fall ……
波动：fluctuate/rebound/undulate/wave ……
稳定：remain stable/stabilize/level off ……
4、表示数据变化的单词或者词组
rapid/rapidly 迅速的，飞快的，险峻的
dramatic/dramatically 戏剧性的，生动的
significant/significantly 有意义的，重大的，重要的
sharp/sharply 锐利的，明显的，急剧的
steep/steeply 急剧升降的
steady/steadily 稳固的，坚定不移的
gradual/gradually 渐进的，逐渐的
slow/slowly 缓慢的，不活跃的
slight/slightly 稍微的、略微地
stable/stably 稳定的
5、其它在描述中的常用到的
the top/summit/peak/highest/ 最高
the bottom/the least 最低
significant changes 图中一些较大变化
noticeable trend 明显趋势
during the same period 在同一时期
grow/grew 增长
distribute 分布
unequally 不相等地
in the case of 在……的情况下
in terms of/in respect of/regarding 在……方面
in contrast 相反，大不相同
forecast n.先见，预见
v.猜测
6、图表描述套句精选
如果只有一个变量，
As can be seen clearly in the chart, the average number of hours a student spends on Internet every week has increased from 2 hours in 1998 to 8 hours in 2006.
如果是最常见的是2*3的情形，
According to the information implied in the chart, we can see clearly that in a big city in China, state owned houses declined from 75% in 1990 to 60% in 1995 and then to 20% in 2000, while private houses rose from 25% to 40% and then to 80% during the same period.
1.the table shows the changes in the number of……over the period from……to……
该表格描述了在……年之……年间……数量的变化。
2.the bar chart illustrates that……
该柱状图展示了……
3.the graph provides some interesting data regarding……
该图为我们提供了有关……有趣数据。
4.the diagram shows （that）……
该图向我们展示了……
5.the pie graph depicts （that）……
该圆形图揭示了……
6.this is a cure graph which describes the trend of……
这个曲线图描述了……的趋势。
7.the figures/statistics show （that）……
数据（字）表明……
8.the tree diagram reveals how……
该树型图向我们揭示了如何……
9.the data/statistics show （that）……
该数据（字）可以这样理解……
10.the data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that……
这些数据资料令我们得出结论……
11.as is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the diagram/graph/chart/table……
如图所示……
12.according to the chart/figures……
根据这些表（数字）……
13.as is shown in the table……
如表格所示……
14.as can be seen from the diagram，great changes have taken place in……
从图中可以看出，……发生了巨大变化。
15.from the table/chart/diagram/figure，we can see clearly that……or it is clear/apparent from the chart that……
从图表我们可以很清楚（明显）看到……
16.this is a graph which illustrates……
这个图表向我们展示了……
17.this table shows the changing proportion of a & b from……to……
该表格描述了……年到……年间a与b的比例关系。
18.the graph，presented in a pie chart，shows the general trend in……
该图以圆形图形式描述了……总的趋势。
19.this is a column chart showing……
这是个柱型图，描述了……
20.as can be seen from the graph，the two curves show the flutuation of……
如图所示，两条曲线描述了……的波动情况。
21.over the period from……to……, the……remained level.
在……至……期间，……基本不变。
22.in the year between……and……
在……年到……期间……
23.in the 3 years spanning from 1995 through 1998……
1995年至1998三年里……
24.from then on/from this time onwards……
从那时起……
25.the number of……remained steady/stable from （month/year） to （month/year）。
……月（年）至……月（年）……的数量基本不变。
26.the number sharply went up to……
数字急剧上升至……
27.the percentage of……stayed the same between……and……
……至……期间……的比率维持不变。
28.the figures peaked at……in（month/year）
……的数目在……月（年）达到顶点，为……
29.the percentage remained steady at……
比率维持在……
30.the percentage of……is sightly larger/smaller than that of……
……的比例比……的比例略高（低）。
31.there is not a great deal of difference between……and……
……与……的区别不大。
32.the graphs show a threefold increase in the number of……
该图表表明……的数目增长了三倍。四倍（fourfold），五倍（fivefold）
33……decreased year by year while……increased steadily.
……逐年减少，而……逐步上升。
34.the situation reached a peak（a high point at） of[%].
……的情况（局势）到达顶（高）点，为……百分点。
35.the figures/situation bottomed out in……
数字（情况）在……达到底部。
36.the figures reached the bottom/a low point/hit a trough.
数字（情况）达到底部（低谷）。
37.a is ……times as much/many as b.
a是b的……倍。
38.a increased by……
a增长了……
39.a increased to……
a增长到……
40.high/low/great/small/ percentage.
比率高（低）
41.there is an upward trend in the number of……
……数字呈上升趋势。
42.a considerable increase/decrease occurred from……to……
……到……发生急剧上升。
43.from……to……the rate of decrease slow down.
从……到……，下降速率减慢。
44.from this year on，there was a gradual decline/ reduction in the……，reaching a figure of……
从这年起，……逐渐下降至……
45.be similar to……
与……相似
46.be the same as……
与……相同
47.there are a lot similarities/differences between……and……
……与……之间有许多相似（不同）之处
48.a has something in common with b
a与b有共同之处。
49.the difference between a and b lies in……
a与b之间的差别在于……

7、练习题
1.我们可以从图表上看出：托雅的女生比例远远高于男生所占比例。　　
2.从图表反映的情况来看：读雅思的人数远远超过读托福的，同时，读托福的人数一直呈现平稳上升趋势。  
3.从图表反映的情况来看：托雅学生在饭店用餐的频率在不同的月份呈现出了相应的波动趋势。
4.从图表反映的情况来看：托雅男教师所承担的每周工作量要高于女教师的。
5.从整个图表反映的情况来看：托雅总部以及五个分校的营业收入都呈现出了快速的增长趋势。
6.从整个图表反映的情况来看：托雅教师的收入状况呈现出了稳步增长的总态势。
7.图表显示：托雅广告投入呈现出逐渐下降的趋势，然而有趣的是，营业收入却呈现出大幅度的攀升。
8.饼图反映出托雅女生的比例远远高于男生；曲线图则表明在雅思考试成绩方面，女生的表现也远远好于男生。
9.饼图表明：托雅雅思比托福所占份额要高出很多；曲线图则显示出：两个项目每月的招生情况呈现出了总的波动趋势。
10.图表反映出：托雅上半年与下班年的营业收入总体呈现出快速的上升趋势，成本与支出表现出了较大的波动。
11.根据图表所示，领导人员中男性员工的比例要高于女性。
12.根据图表所示，所有群体的收入都呈现了上升趋势，虽然上升的幅度有所差异。  
13.根据图表所示，人们的教育程度越高，收入便越高。
14.根据图表所示，该公司的净销售与成本支出皆呈现了快速提高的总趋势，而其利润则呈现了波动。
15.从图表我们可以看出：女性吸烟者的百分比呈现稳步增长，而男性则处于波动状态。
16.从图表可以看出：选择数学的人们的百分比稳步下降，而选择商务管理者则呈现出上升的总趋势。
17.从图表可以看出：在所界定的时段里，路上总的交通事故显示了波动的总趋势。
18.根据图表显示：中国在汽车生产与销售方面皆呈现出了迅猛的增长态势。
19.如图所示：上海私家车保有量连续10年呈现出迅猛增长的趋势，而空气质量则显现出截然相反的态势。
20.如图所示，托雅学生开车前来上课的人数呈现大幅攀升态势，而停车困难指数也同步大幅提升。
21.图表显示：不管他们有几个孩子，已婚妇女都要比已婚男士做的家务活多得多。
22.总体而言，昂立托雅学院男女生注册学雅思的人数比学托福的人数多。
23.根据图表显示：男性在管理和专业类岗位上工作的百分比要高于女性，而女性在文书及其相关岗位上占的百分比要高于男性。
24.总体而言，涵盖更多工作门类的服务业雇佣了较低百分比的劳动力队伍，却产出了这个国家较大百分比的GDP价值。 　　
25.总体而言，求与供皆呈现了总的波动趋势，以2003年后供大于求为主要趋势。
26.柱状图显示：收入越高者去饭店吃饭的频率和每次的消费额越高。
27.根据图表显示：参加雅思考试的考生年龄呈现年轻化趋势。
28.从图表中我们可以看到：雅思考生的家庭经济状况总体而言要比托福考生的家庭状况好得多。
29.图表显示，前往美国和加拿大留学的人数呈现出下降趋势，而前往英国和澳大利亚的留学人数则呈现稳步增加趋势。
30.图表显示：雅思每月考试次数的增加对于雅思考生人数的迅速增长产生了非常大的影响。
参考答案：
1、As can be seen from the chart, the percentage of female students was far higher than that of male students at Toya.
2、As can be seen from the chart, those who chose to study for IELTS far outnumbered those choosing to study for TOEFL. Meanwhile, the number of those who chose to study for TOEFL was on a steady rise.
3、As can be seen from the diagram, the frequency of Toya students eating at restaurants revealed a trend of fluctuations in different months.
4、As can be seen from the charts, the weekly workload borne by male teachers outweighed that of female teachers at Toya.
5、As can be seen from the chart, the sales of Toya Headquarter and the five branch schools all revealed a trend of fast increase across the board.
6、As can be seen from the chart, the income of Toya teachers revealed a general trend of steady rise.
7、As can be seen from the chart, the advertising investment of Toya revealed a trend of gradual decrease, but interestingly, its sales witnessed a trend of increase by leaps and bounds.
8、The pie chart shows that the percentage of female students was much higher than that of male students while the graph indicates that in terms of students’ performance on IELTS, female students did a much better job than male ones.
9、The pie chart indicates that IELTS accounted for a much larger percentage than TOEFL at Toya while the graph shows that student enrollment on the two programs on a monthly basis revealed a general trend of fluctuations.
10、The graph indicates that the sales of Toya both in the first half and the second half of the year revealed a general trend of fast increase while costs and expenses fluctuated greatly.
11、As is indicated in the graph, male employees working in executive positions accounted for a much higher percentage than females.
12、As is indicated in the graph, the income of all the groups revealed a general trend of increase across the board though the margins of the rises varied.
13、As can be seen from the table, the total road accidents over the designated period revealed a general trend of fluctuations.
14、As can be seen from the table, net sales and costs and expenses of the designated company both showed a general trend of fast increase while its profit fluctuated.
15、As we can see from the first chart, the percentage of female smokers was on a steady rise across the board while the number of male smokers showed a trend of fluctuations.
16、As can be seen from the chart, the percentage of those who chose math declined steadily while those who studied business management revealed a general upward trend.
17、As is indicated in the graph, the higher one’s education level was, the higher his income.
18、As is indicated in the graph, China’s auto manufacturing and sales both revealed a general trend of dramatic increase.
19、As is indicated in the graph, private car ownership revealed a trend of dramatic increase for 10 years in a row while air quality showed an obviously opposite trend.
20、As can be seen from the chart, the number of Toya students who drove to school showed a trend of substantial increase and the index of difficulty for parking increased accordingly.
21、As we can see from the graph, married women did far more household work than married men did no matter how many children they had.
22、Generally speaking, there were more students of both genders getting enrolled in IELTS than in TOEFL at Onlytoya College.
23、As we can see from the charts, a much higher percentage of men worked on managerial and professional jobs than women did while women took up a much larger percentage in terms of//clerical and its related jobs than men.
24、Generally speaking, the service sector, which covered a much wider range of job varieties,employed a much lower percentage of the workforce but produced a much higher proportion/of the GDP value in the designated country.
25、In general both demand and supply revealed a general trend of fluctuations across the board//with supply surpassing demand as the main trend after the year 2003.
26、As is indicated in the bar chart, the higher people’s income was, the more frequently they dined at restaurants and the more they spent each time.
27、As is indicated in the diagram, the age of IELTS candidates showed a trend of getting younger over the designated period of time.
28、As can be seen from the chart, the family financial statuses of IELTS candidates were much better than that of TOEFL candidates.
29、As is indicated in the graph, the number of students who chose to go to U.S.A. and Canada showed a trend of decline while that of those who went to the U.K. and Australia revealed a trend of steady rise.
30、As is shown in the chart, the increase in the number of IELTS per month had a significant impact on the rapid increase in the number of IELTS candidates.