五星-基础英语语法.doc

1 第 1 课 句子的三种模式(Be 句型)导言 本课的重点是掌握英语的三种基本句型，注意词性和词序，以及定语的位置,同时注意中英文表达上的相同和不相同的地方。三种基本句型虽然简单，但至 关重要。掌握好它们，在今后的学习中有一通百通之效。其实英语只有三种基本句型 主+系动词+表 词序 1 主语 2 系动词 3 表语 即句子的主体 用于连接主语和表语 表示主语身份、状态以及所处的位置 词性*名词 代词 Be(is,am,are)*名词 形容词 介词+*名词 (介词短语)注：*注意该结构中的名词，它们能被定语修饰。1 这个人 是 一个老师。The man is a teacher.主语 系 表语 主语 系 表语（名词）2 他（是）很忙。He is busy.主语 系 表语 主语 系 表语（形容词）注意中文中的系动词经常被省略,而英文中绝不能省。3 她（是）在教室里。She is in the classroom.主语 系 表语 主语 系 表语（介词短语）注：定语只修饰名词，不破坏句子的基本结构。通常由形容词和介词短语充当，形容词放在所修饰的名词之前，而介词短语放在所修饰的名词之后，请注意英语与汉语词序的不同。看懂中文的定语是翻译好定语的关键。be 的人称变化 You (They We )are teachers.He (She)is a teacher.I am a teacher-Be 的肯定否定及疑问的变化 You (They We )are teachers.He (She)is a teacher.I am a teacher You (They We )are not teachers.He (She)is not a teacher.I am not a teacher Are you (They We )teachers?2 Is he (She)a teacher?Am I a teacher?(定语的位置)那个人是个老师.The man is a teacher.那个人在教室里.The man is in the classroom.A big desk A small desk A beautiful girl 教室里的那个人是个老师.The man in the classroom is a teacher.这个人在教室里.The man is in the classroom.那个人在二楼的教室里.The man is in the classroom on the second floor.The man in the classroom 教室 on the second 第二 floor 层 is a teacher from England.The man in the classroom on the second floor is not a teacher from England.Is the man in the classroom on the second floor a teacher from England?介词短语即可以做表语也可以做定语，虽然它们词性相同，但由于词序不同，它们所起到的作用也不同，当在 is 的后面是表语,跟在名词的后面它就起到定语的作用。本课要求：牢记第一个句型的旗帜-be(1)人称变化(2)肯定否定及疑问的变化(3)You (They We )He (She)I be 的人称变化 You (They We )are teachers.He (She)is a teacher.I am a teacher Be 的肯定否定及疑问的变化 You (They We )are teachers.He (She)is a teacher.I am a teacher You (They We )are not teachers.He (She)is not a teacher.I am not a teacher Are you (They We )teachers?3 Is he (She)a teacher?1、Am I a teacher?2、介词介词短语的作用 本课需记忆的介词(认识就行)in in front of on from 3、near of 4、介词短语的作用(1)表语,位置在 be 之后：The man is in the classroom on the second floor.(2)定语，名词之后：5、The man is in the classroom on the second floor.6、本课目的-牢牢抓住 -主系表 考试时减少查字典的次数，抓主句子的中心 The man in the classroom on the second floor is not a teacher from England.课堂练习 be 的人称变化(变为否定与疑问)You (They We )are a teacher.(teachers)He (She)is a teacher.I am a teacher 英译汉 1:The girl 女孩 in the classroom is a teacher from England.2:The fat lady 女人 in front of 在.前面 the hospital 医院 is a doctor 医生 from England.3:The TV set 电视 on the desk 桌子 in the living-room 客厅 is new 新的.4:The bird 鸟 near the red apple in the tree is blue.5:The wallet 钱包 on the sofa 沙发 in the living-room is your fathers 你爸爸的.第 2 课 Be 句型的时态变化 课堂练习 be 的人称变化 You (They We )are a teacher.(teachers)He (She)is a teacher.I am a teacher 1:The girl in the classroom is a teacher from England.2:The fat lady in front of the hospital is a doctor from England.3:The TV set on the desk in the living-room is new.4:The bird near the apple in the tree is blue.5:The wallet on the sofa in the living-room is your fathers.课堂练习答案 1:教室里的那个女孩是从英国来的老师.2:医院 hospital 前面的那个胖女人 fat lady 是从英国来的医生 doctor.4 3:客厅里桌子上的那台电视 TV set 是新的.4:树上的红苹果 apple 旁边的那只鸟是蓝色的 blue.5:客厅 living-room 里沙发 sofa 上的钱包 wallet 是你爸爸的.He,fool 现在时 肯定:You are rich.否定:You are not rich.疑问:Are you rich?过去时 was were 肯定:You were rich.否定:You were not rich.疑问:Were you rich?将来时 肯定:You will be rich.否定:You will not be rich.疑问:Will you be rich?I am rich.I was rich.I will be rich.Was(单数)were(复数)You are rich.You were rich.You will be rich.You would be rich.一般时态的构成 句型 时态 主系表 一般现在时态 is,am,are 一般过去时态 was,were 一般将来时态 will be 一般过去将来时态 would be 一般时态所表示的时间概念 过去 现在 将来 过去将来 （即相对于过去的将来）从上面的图可以清楚地看出一般时态所使用的时间概念。5 Poor 贫穷的 He(She)will (not)be a teacher.Will he(she)be a teacher?-主 系动词 表*名词代词 be *1 名词 2 形容词 3 介词+*名词 (介词短语 本课要求：牢记第一个句型的旗帜-be 孙老师特别提示-牢牢记住英语的第一个句型,重中之重是旗帜-be 的变化-现在、过去将来，陈述、否定及疑的构成。课堂练习 You are rich.1:He will not be the best student in our class next year 明年.2:My mother was very beautiful 漂亮 ten years ago 十年前.3:The teacher from England was in America last year 去年.第 3 课 There be 句型及时态 课堂练习 You are rich.1:He will not be the best student in our class next year.2:My mother was very beautiful ten years ago.3:The teacher from England was in America last year.课堂练习答 1:明年他将不会是我们班最好的学生.He will be not the best student in our class next year.2:我妈妈十年前 ten years ago 非常漂亮.My mother was very beautiful ten years ago.3:从英国来的老师去年在美国.The teacher from England was in America last year.When 主+系动词+表 谓+主+状 该句型通常用于表达某地存在某物（人）词序 3 状语 1 谓语 2 主语 3 状语 地点 存在 物或人 地点 词性 介词+名词(There be)名词 介词+名词(介词短语)6 注：该结构中的状语可以置于句首或句尾。1 桌子上 有 一钱包。某地 there is 某物 There is a wallet(钱包)on the desk.=On the desk,there is a wallet.There is not a wallet(钱包)on the desk Is there a wallet(钱包)on the desk?There is a wallet 钱包 on the desk in the room on the second floor in the building in the school in BJ.There was a wallet(钱包)on the desk 一般时态的构成 句型 时态 主系表 谓主状 一般现在时态 is,am,are there is(are)一般过去时态 was,were there was(were)一般将来时态 will be there will be 一般过去将来时态 would be there would be There is a wallet(钱包)on the desk.There was a wallet(钱包)on the desk.There will be a wallet(钱包)on the desk.There would be a wallet(钱包)on the desk.There is a fool 白痴 from England on the desk in the room on the second floor in the building in the school in BJ.There are three ways about study.本课要求：牢记第 2 个句型的旗帜-There be 的变化(变为否定与疑问及时态)孙老师特别提示-牢牢记住英语的第 2 个句型,重中之重是旗帜-There be 的变化 课堂练习 There be 的变化(变为否定与疑问)There is a book on the desk.英译汉 1:Is the teacher from England in the reading-room in the building in the school?2:The beautiful girl of your class is foolish 傻.3:There are five doctors 医生 from America in the hospital 医院 near our school.7 4:The beautiful girl with a knife 刀 is a thief.5:Is the man under the tree in the garden in the school your father?6:There is a beggar 要饭的 in frond of the building 大楼 in the school.第 4 课 主谓宾(do)句型 导言 本课的重点是掌握英语的三种基本句型，注意词性和词序，以及定语的位置,同时注意中英文表达上的相同和不相同的地方。三种基本句型虽然简单，但至 关重要。掌握好它们，在今后的学习中有一通百通之效。其实英语只有三种基本句型 课堂练习 1:Is the teacher from England in the reading-room in the building in the school?2:The beautiful girl of your class is foolish.3:There are five doctors from America in the hospital near our school.4:The beautiful girl with a knife is a thief.5:Is the man under the tree in the garden in the school your father?6:There is a beggar in frond of the building in the school.课堂练习答案 There is a book on the desk.Was were Will be 1:从英国来的那个老师在学校大楼的阅览室里吗?Is the teacher from England in the reading-room in the building in the school?2:你们班的那个漂亮的女孩有点傻.The beautiful girl of your class is foolish.3:我们学校附近的那个医院里有五位从美国来的医生.There are five doctors from America in the hospital near our school.4:那个拿着刀的漂亮的小女孩是个贼.The beautiful girl with a knife is a thief.5:学校花园里大树下的那个人是你爸爸吗?Is the man under the tree in the garden in the school your father?6:学校的大楼前面有一个要饭的.There is a beggar in frond of the building in the school.主+系动词+表 Be 的时态变化 8 You are rich.You are rich.You are not rich.Are you rich?You were rich.You were not rich.Were you rich You will be rich.You will not be rich.Will you be rich?一般时态的构成 句型 时态 主系表 一般现在时态 is,am,are 一般过去时态 was,were 一般将来时态 will be 一般过去将来时态 would be 谓+主+状 该句型通常用于表达某地存在某物（人）There is a wallet(钱包)on the desk.=On the desk,there is a wallet.一般时态的构成 句型 时态 主系表 主谓宾 谓主状 一般现在时态 is,am,are do,does there is(are)一般过去时态 was,were did there was(were)一般将来时态 will be will do there will be 一般过去将来时态 would be would do there would be 9 There is a wallet on the desk.There is not a wallet on the desk.Is there a wallet on the desk?There was a wallet on the desk.There was not a wallet on the desk.Was there a wallet on the desk?There will be a wallet on the desk.There will not be a wallet on the desk.Will there be a wallet on the desk?主+谓+宾+状 The students study English.主语 谓语 宾语 一般时态的构成 句型 时态 主系表 主谓宾 谓主状 一般现在时态 is,am,are do,does there is(are)一般过去时态 was,were did there was(were)一般将来时态 will be will do there will be 一般过去将来时态 would be would do there would be You study English.You do not study English.Do you study English?You studied English.You did not study English.Did you study English?You will study English.You will not study English.Will you study English?-本课要求：牢记第 3 个句型的旗帜-do 的变化(变为否定与疑问及时态变化)工欲善其事，必先利其器 1 良好的学习方法是制胜的又一法宝。10 2 尽可能的理解你要记忆的知识，不懂不要死记硬背。善于将知识分类，不同的概念要条理清晰不可混淆。.每个成功的(successful)男人背后都有一个女人。There is a woman behind every successful man.Every successful man has a woman.3 重复。4 学会联想思维及记忆，如 class 班级lass 小妞ass 蠢驴。这样可以成倍提高记忆速度。The class will wait for me in the classroom at 7 in evening.Lass-ass Wallet-wall Planet-plan Starch-star Ear-near-clear-nuclear 5 学习要专心。重效果，疲劳战术不可取。6 图画记忆是一种良好的记忆法。通俗的说就是在复习时不要先看书或笔记，而是先回忆。这是帮你整理大脑思维及记忆的最好方法之一。享受学习。累了，心情不好时学习效率很低。享受学习不是空话建立在回报的基础上。即在投入时间与努力之后，学习成绩能够大幅提高，孩子就会对学习产生兴趣，反之会厌恶学习。因此，一个良好的突破口是使孩子喜欢学习的重要手段。第 5 课 主+谓+宾+状句型及时态 主+系动词+表 词序 1 主语 2 系动词 3 表语 即句子的主体 用于连接主语和表语 表示主语身份、状态以及所处的位置 词性*名词 代词 Be(is,am,are)*名词 形容词 介词+*名词 (介词短语)注：*注意该结构中的名词，它们能被定语修饰。1 这个人 是 一个老师。The man is a teacher.主语 系 表语 主语 系 表语（名词）2 他（是）很忙。He is busy.主语 系 表语 主语 系 表语（形容词）注意中文中的系动词经常被省略,而英文中绝不能省。3 她（是）在教室里。She is in the classroom.主语 系 表语 主语 系 表语（介词短语）注：定语只修饰名词，不破坏句子的基本结构。通常由形容词和介词短语充当，形容词放在所修饰的名词之前，而介词短语放在所修饰的名词之后，请注意英语与汉语词序的不同。看懂中11 文的定语是翻译好定语的关键。be 的人称变化 You (They We )are teachers.He (She)is a teacher.I am a teacher-Be 的肯定否定及疑问的变化 You (They We )are teachers.He (She)is a teacher.I am a teacher You (They We )are not teachers.He (She)is not a teacher.I am not a teacher Are you (They We )teachers?Is he (She)a teacher?Am I a teacher?(定语的位置)那个人是个老师.The man is a teacher.那个人在教室里.The man is in the classroom.A big desk A small desk A beautiful girl 教室里的那个人是个老师.The man in the classroom is a teacher.这个人在教室里.The man is in the classroom.那个人在二楼的教室里.The man is in the classroom on the second floor.The man in the classroom 教室 on the second 第二 floor 层 is a teacher from England.The man in the classroom on the second floor is not a teacher from England.Is the man in the classroom on the second floor a teacher from England?主+系动词+表 谓+主+状 该句型通常用于表达某地存在某物（人）词序 3 状语 1 谓语 2 主语 3 状语 地点 存在 物或人 地点 词性 介词+名词(There be)名词 介词+名词 12 (介词短语)注：该结构中的状语可以置于句首或句尾。1 桌子上 有 一钱包。某地 there is 某物 There is a wallet(钱包)on the desk.=On the desk,there is a wallet.There is not a wallet(钱包)on the desk Is there a wallet(钱包)on the desk?There is a wallet 钱包 on the desk in the room on the second floor in the building in the school in BJ.一般时态的构成 句型 时态 主系表 主谓宾 谓主状 一般现在时态 is,am,are do,does there is(are)一般过去时态 was,were did there was(were)一般将来时态 will be will do there will be 一般过去将来时态 would be would do there would be You are rich.You are not rich.Are you rich?You were rich.You were not rich.Were you rich?You will be rich.You will not be rich.Will you be rich?There is a wallet on the desk.There is not a wallet on the desk.Is there a wallet on the desk?There was a wallet on the desk.There was not a wallet on the desk.Was there a wallet on the desk?There will be a wallet on the desk.13 There will not be a wallet on the desk.Will there be a wallet on the desk?-You study English.You do not study English.Do you study English?You studied English.You did not study English.Did you study English?You will study English.You will not study English.Will you study English?I love you The students study English.主+谓+宾+状 词序 5 状语 1 主语 2 谓语 3 宾语 4 状语 5 状语 句子的主体 主语发出的动作 动作的接受者 修饰谓语动词 表示谓语动作发生的时间地点原因等 词性 介词+名词 名词 代词 动词(do)名词 代词(宾格)副词 介词+名词 注：在该结构中主谓是不可缺少的部分，宾格有无取决于动词是及物还是不及物动词，状语根据需要而定。-介词短语 形容词 介词短语 从中国来的 新学生们在美国的一所大学里努力学习 英语。形容词 介词短语 The new students from China study English hard in the 介词短语 university in America.The students study English.主语 谓语 宾语 In the university,the students study English hard 努力地 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 状语 课堂练习 一、汉译英 1 我们的村庄（是）在两山之间的 峡谷里。主语 系 定语 表语 2 Our village is in a valley between two hills 14 3 从上海来的那些学生 每天晚上 在二楼的阅览室里 定语 主语 状语 状语 复习 英文。谓语 宾语 The students from Shanghai review English every evening in the reading-room on the second floor.3我们班里 有 5 个从上海来的 女学生。状语 there are 定语 主语 There are five girl students from Shanghai in our class.二、英译汉 1 The number of speakers of English in Shakespeares time was 主语 定语 定语 定语 系 five million 百万.Today it is 260 million 百万.表语 莎士比亚时代使用英语的人数是五百万，而今天达二亿六千万。2A life without a friend is a life without a sun.主语 定语 系 表语 定语 生活中没有朋友，如同生活中没有太阳。3.The earth has a partner in its trip around the sun.主语 谓 宾语 状语 定语 It is the moon.地球在围绕太阳转的旅途中有一个伙伴。它就是月亮。4.每个成功的（successful）男人背后都有一个女人。There is a woman behind every successful man.Every only all Every successful man has a woman.5.幸福是太多太少之间的一站。Happiness is a station between too much and too little.一般时态的构成 句型 时态 主系表 主谓宾 谓主状 一般现在时态 is,am,are do,does there is(are)一般过去时态 was,were did there was(were)一般将来时态 will be will do there will be 一般过去将来时态 would be would do there would be 15 The students study English.主语 谓语 宾语 The students do not study English.The student studies English.The student does not study English.Do the students study English?Does the student study English?-一般现在时态的基本用法 表示客观事实或普遍真理 The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕太阳运行。Practice 练习 makes perfect 完美.熟能生巧。表示目前的情况及反复发生的动作，或习惯性的动作，常与频率副词连用。如 sometimes,often,always,usually,seldom,这种副词通常放在主语和动词之间。She seldom gets up before 6 in the morning.她早晨很少在 6 点以前起床。Look Look after Look for Get get up They often go for an outing on Sunday.星期天他们经常去郊游。否定式及疑问句的构成 They dont often go for an outing on Sunday.Do they often go for an outing on Sunday?一般过去时态的基本用法 一般过去时态表示过去的状态及发生的动作。The students studied English.Work-Worked love-loved Eat-ate Go-went Come-came Learn study I didnt go to see a doctor yesterday.1.Did you go to see a doctor yesterday?2.一般将来时态的基本用法 3.在英语中，表示将来的动作或状态时，有多种形式。这里介绍四种常用形式。4.will,shall shall 用于第一人称，will 用于其它人称。16 在现代英语中，尤其在美国，在表示将来的时候，所有人称都使用 will 而 shall 只用于一些习惯用法。She will arrive in London on Friday.她将在星期五到伦敦。We will never forget 忘记 you forever 永远.我将永远不会忘记你。It will rain tomorrow.明天会下雨。否定式及疑问句的构成 She will not arrive in London on Friday.Will she arrive in London on Friday?一般时态的构成 句型 时态 主系表 主谓宾 谓主状 一般现在时态 is,am,are do,does there is(are)一般过去时态 was,were did there was(were)一般将来时态 will be will do there will be 一般过去将来时态 would be would do there would be 本课要求：牢记第 3 个句型的旗帜-do 的变化(变为否定与疑问及时态变化)孙老师特别提示-牢牢记住英语的第 3 个句型,重中之重是旗帜-do 的变化 You study English.You study English.You do not study English.Do you study English?You studied English.You did not study English.Did you study English?You will study English.You will not study English.Will you study English?第 6 课 句子的三种模式及时态 17 其实英语只有三种基本句型 主+系动词+表 词序 1 主语 2 系动词 3 表语 即句子的主体 用于连接主语和表语 表示主语身份、状态以及所处的位置 词性*名词 代词 Be(is,am,are)*名词 形容词 介词+*名词 (介词短语)注：*注意该结构中的名词，它们能被定语修饰。1 这个人 是 一个老师。The man is a teacher.主语 系 表语 主语 系 表语（名词）n 2 他（是）很忙。He is busy.主语 系 表语 主语 系 表语（形容词）adj 3 她（是）在教室里。She is in the classroom.主语 系 表语 主语 系 表语（介词短语）prep Be-is am are Be-was were Be-will be 西门子 be the best I am rich.I was rich.I will be rich.I would be rich.谓+主+状 该句型通常用于表达某地存在某物（人）词序 3 状语 1 谓语 2 主语 3 状语 地点 存在 物或人 地点 词性 介词+名词(There be)名词 介词+名词(介词短语)注：该结构中的状语可以置于句首或句尾。1 房间里 有 一张桌子。某地 there is 某物 There is a table in the room.=In the room,there is a table.There is a fool in the room.There is a fool on the room.There is There are 18 There was There were There will be There would be -主+谓+宾+状 词序 5 状语 1 主语 2 谓语 3 宾语 4 状语 5 状语 句子的主体 主语发出的动作 动作的接受者 修饰谓语动词 表示谓语动作发生的时间地点原因等 词性 介词+名词 名词 代词 动词(do)名词 代词(宾格)副词 介词+名词 注：在该结构中主谓是不可缺少的部分，宾格有无取决于动词是及物还是不及物动词，状语根据需要而定。名词 介词短语