英语背诵精华.doc

英文经典名篇名段背诵

格式：
1． 简短的导读语 宋体 小五
2． 英文短文 Arial 五号
3． 短文出处
4． 生词的音标、英文意思、中文意思 小五
5． 作者英文简介（100字左右）、中文简介（50字左右）、作者照片 斜体
6． 短文译文 五号
7． 译者

目录

Essays散文, 小品文, 随笔, 评论
Youth（Samuel Ullman）青春 /2
Life is a Chess-board (Thomas Henry Huxley) 人生是一盘棋 /6
I have as much soul as you（Charlotte Bronte）我的心灵一样丰富 /8
Equality and Greatness (George Bernard Shaw) 平等与伟大
Best of times（Charles Dickens）最好的时代
Great Expectations（Charles Dickens）远大前程
Of Studies (Francis Bacon) 论读书
Three Passions (Bertrand Russell) 三种激情
Frankness (Robert E. Lee) 诚实
Three Periods of My Youth (John Woolman) 年轻时代的三个阶段
Love Your Life (Henry David Thoreau) 热爱生活
Three Days to See (Helen Keller) 给我三天光明
The Study of Words (Wilfred Funk and Norman Lewis) 学习词汇的重要性

…..

Speeches 演讲
The Gettysburg Address (Abraham Lincoln) 哥德斯堡演说
Inauguration Address (John F. Kennedy, J.) 肯尼迪就职演说
As You Like It (William Shakespeare)
Address at Gettysburg (Abraham Lincoln)
The Tribute (Earl Spencer)
A Speech at the Welcome Ceremony in Xi’an (Bill Clinton)
Speech to the Nation on Space Shuttle Columbia Tragedy (George W. Bush)

Poems 诗歌
A Red, Red Rose (Robert Burns) 一朵红红的玫瑰
O Captain! My Captain (Walter Whitman) 哦，船长！我的船长！
Hope Is the Thing with Feathers (Emily Dickinson)
Sonnet 18 (William Shakespeare)
Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening (Robert Frost)

Movies & Miscellaneous电影脚本及其他
A Selection from Mr.Holland’s Opus
A Selection from Scent of a Woman
The Script of Teachers Are People

Essays
散文, 小品文, 随笔, 评论
Youth（Samuel Ullman）青春
许多世界名人将这篇短文随身携带，以至于皱折不堪。为什么？因为它教我们如何美好的生活。20世纪初塞缪尔·厄尔曼写的这篇不足500字的短文《青春》一直为世人倾倒，过了这么多年它的魅力依旧。

Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life.
Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity of the appetite, for adventure over the love of ease. This often exists in a man of sixty more than a boy of twenty. Nobody grows old merely by a number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals.
Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Worry, fear, self-distrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust.
Whether sixty or sixteen, there is in every being’s heart the lure of wonder, the unfailing child-like appetite of what's next, and the joy of the game of living. In the center of your heart and my heart there is a wireless station; so long as it receives messages of beauty, hope, cheer, courage and power from men and from the infinite, so long are you young.
When the aerials are down, and your spirit is covered with snows of cynicism and the ice of pessimism, then you are grown old, even at twenty, but as long as your aerials are up, to catch the waves of optimism, there is hope you may die young at eighty.
Excepted from Youth By Samuel Ullman

267

rosy cheeks: 玫瑰红的脸颊
supple [5sQpl]: readily bent 柔软的
vigor: Physical or mental strength, energy, or force 精力, 活力
temperamental [7tempErE5mentl]: Excessively sensitive or irritable; moody心情变化快的, 喜怒无常的
predominance [prI`dCmInEns]: 优势
timidity [ti5miditi]: shy 胆怯，害羞的
appetite [5Apitait]: a strong wish or urge食欲, 胃口, 欲望, 爱好
desert: 放弃, 遗弃
wrinkle [5riNkl]: 起皱
enthusiasm [ in5Wju:ziAzEm ]: great excitement for or interest in a subject or cause狂热, 热心, 积极性
wireless: 无线的
infinite: having no limits 无限的，无穷的
aerials: 天线
cynicism: 玩世不恭, 冷嘲热讽

Samuel Ullman (1840-1924) Born in 1840 Germany to Jewish parents, Ullman immigrated with his family to America in order to escape the discrimination they met in Europe. These words, written by Samuel Ullman of Birmingham, Alabama at the age of 70-plus, are credited with inspiring a generation of Japanese citizens, businessmen, and government leaders who were faced with rebuilding their country after World War II. 塞缪尔·厄尔曼1840生于德国，童年时移居美国。他在古稀之年才开始写作，是一个了不起的人。本文由于手抄流传等多种原因，存在多个版本，这里采用作者原文。

[译文]
青春不是年华，而是心境；青春不是桃面，丹唇，柔膝，而是深沉的意志，恢宏的想象，炽热的感情；青春是生命的源泉在不息的涌流。
青春气贯长虹，勇锐盖过怯懦，进取压倒苟安。如此锐气，弱冠后生有之，耳顺之年 ，则亦多见，年岁有加，并非垂老；理想丢弃，方堕暮年。
岁月悠悠，衰微只及肌肤，热忱抛却，颓唐必至灵魂。忧烦，惶恐，丧失自信，定使心灵扭曲，意气如灰。
无论年届古稀，抑或二八芳龄，心中皆有生命之欢乐，奇迹之诱惑，孩童般天真久盛不衰。人人心中皆有一台天线，只要你从天上人间接受美好、希望、欢乐、勇气和力量，你就青春永驻，风华常存。
一旦追求消失，锐气如同冰雪覆盖，玩世不恭，自暴自弃油然而生，即使年方二十，实已老矣。然坚持追求，你就可以在耄耋之年告别尘寰时仍觉年青。（参考夏海涛译文改译）

Life is a Chess-board (Thomas Henry Huxley) 人生是一盘棋
人生是一出戏也好，是一盘棋也罢，只不过是对人生的一种理解，因人而异。
The chess-board is the world: the pieces are the phenomena of the universe; the rules of the game are what we call the laws of nature. The player on the other side is hidden from us. We know that his play is always fair, just and patient. But also we know, to our cost, that he never overlooks a mistake, or makes the smallest allowance for ignorance. 
By Thomas Henry Huxley

overlook [ 7EuvE5luk ]: 宽恕   
make allowance for: 考虑到……(而原谅)

Thomas Henry Huxley (1825–1895), English biologist and educator, grad. Charing Cross Hospital, 1845. Huxley gave up his own biological research to become an influential scientific publicist and was the principal exponent of Darwinism in England. An agnostic, he doubted all things not immediately open to logical analysis and scientific verification. He held up truth as an ideal and spoke and wrote frequently on its tool, the scientific method, and its yield, the evolutionary theory. He placed human ethics outside the scope of the materialistic processes of evolution; he believed that civilization is man’s protest against nature and that progress is achieved by the human control of evolution. Huxley held numerous public offices, serving on 10 royal commissions (1862–84). His many works include Evolution and Ethics (1893), Collected Essays (9 vol., 1893–94), Scientific Memoirs (4 vol., 1898–1902), and an autobiography (1903)。 托马斯·亨利·赫胥黎,英国著名博物学家，达尔文进化论最杰出的代表。他的主要著作有《人类在自然界的位置》、《脊椎动物解剖学手册》、《无脊椎动物解剖学手册》、《进化论和伦理学》等。

I have as much soul as you（Charlotte Bronte）我的心灵一样丰富
这一段是绝对的经典，无需多言，不敢掠美。
“I tell you I must go! “ I retorted, roused to something like passion. “Do you think I can stay to become nothing to you? Do you think I am an automaton? - a machine without feeling? and can bear to have my morsel of bread snatched from my lips，and my drop of living water dashed from my cup? Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? You think wrong! - I have as much soul as you, - and full as much heart! And if God had gifted me with some beauty and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you. I am not talking to you now through the medium of custom, conventionalities， nor even of mortal flesh: - it is my spirit that addresses your spirit; just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at God's feet, equal, - as we are!”
Excepted from Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte

oath [ 5EuW ]: 誓言
retort [ ri5tC:t ]: to present a counterargument to.反驳, 反击
automaton [ C:5tCmEtEn ]: 机器人
morsel [ 5mC:sEl ]: a small piece of food (食物)一口, 少量
snatch [ snAtF ]: 攫取
dash: 泼溅
obscure [ Eb5skjuE ]: of undistinguished or humble station or reputation身份卑微的
conventionality [ kEn7venFE5nAliti ]: the rules of conventional social behavior惯例, 俗套, 老一套
mortal [ 5mC:tl ]: 人类的
grave: 墓穴, 坟墓
Charlotte Brontë (1816-1854) was born 21 April 1816, third of the six children of Patrick Brontë and Maria Branwell Brontë. The major event of her young life was the death of her mother in 1821, which created a lot of chaos. She had two older sisters, Maria and Elizabeth。夏洛蒂·勃朗特的《简爱》通过简·爱的自述，描绘的是一个出身贫苦家庭，长相平凡，无依无靠的女家庭教师的曲折遭遇。简，成为纯洁、热情、坦率、爱好真理，敢于追求幸福的女性的象征，因而形象鲜明。作品成功之处还在于作者在对人性的描述中，我们隐约看到了自己，卑劣或美丽的人性，而觉得心有戚戚焉。

[译文] “我告诉你我非走不可！”我回驳着，感情很有些冲动。“你难道认为，我会留下来甘愿做一个对你来说无足轻重的人？你以为我是一架机器？——一架没有感情的机器？能够容忍别人把一口面包从我嘴里抢走，把一滴生命之水从我杯子里泼掉？难道就因为我一贫如洗、默默无闻、长相平庸、个子瘦小，就没有灵魂和心肠了?你不是想错了吗?我的心灵跟你一样丰富，我的心胸跟你一样充实! 要是上帝赐予我一点姿色和财富，我会使你难以离开我，就像现在我很难离开你一样，我不是根据习俗、常规，甚至也不是血肉之躯同你说话，而是我的灵魂同你的灵魂在对话，就仿佛我们两人穿过坟墓，站在上帝脚下，彼此平等本来就如此!”
Equality and Greatness (George Bernard Shaw) 平等与伟大
Between persons of equal income there is no social distinction except the distinction of merit. Money is nothing: character, conduct, and capacity and everything…. There would be great people and ordinary people and little people, but the great would always be those who had done great things, and never the idiots whose mothers had spoiled them and whose be persons of small minds and mean characters, and not poor persons who had never had a chance. That is why idiots are always in favour of inequality of income (their only chance of eminence), and the really great in favour of equality.
By George Bernard Shaw

distinction [ dis5tiNkFEn ]: the condition or fact of being dissimilar or distinct; difference区别，差别
merit [ 5merit ]: 功绩，荣誉，价值
eminence [ 5eminEns ]: a position of great distinction or superiority卓越

George Bernard Shaw (1856 - 1950) was Irish-born playwright, pamphleteer and music and theater critic. Shaw was a ruthless social critic and irreverent toward institutions. By forging a drama that combined moral passion and intellectual conflict and experimenting with symbolic farce, Shaw helped to reshape the stage of his time and to mold the thought of his own and later generations. His play The Devil's Disciple became a success in the United States, however, and Shaw's next work, Man and Superman (1903) helped establish Shaw's reputation in London. Among the plays that followed was Saint Joan (1923), for which Shaw received the 1925 Nobel Prize in literature. 肖伯纳，英国戏剧家， 1856年7月26日生于爱尔兰都柏林。1885年肖伯纳开始戏剧创作。到1949年为止，共完成剧本51部。1925年获得诺贝尔文学奖。

Best of times（Charles Dickens）最好的时代
狄更斯在《双城记》一书开头就说，“这是一个最好的时代，也是一个最坏的时代”。妙哉斯言（此句经常被引用）！这段文字中多个平行句（句子结构相同）而打动读者。文中句型的反复、形式上的对偶、内容上的对比、总体结构上的平行（排比），值得仔细体会。
It was the best of times, it was the worst of times; it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness; it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity; it was the season of light, it was the season of darkness; it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair; we had everything before us, we had nothing before us; we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way.
Excepted from A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens

wisdom [ 5wizdEm ]：智慧, 明智的行为, 学识
epoch [ 5i:pCk, 5epCk ]：age, era, period 新纪元, 时代, 时期
incredulity [ 7inkri5dju:liti ]: the state or quality of being incredulous; disbelief怀疑
despair: to lose all hope绝望, 失望

Charles Dickens (1812-1870), English novelist and one of the most popular writers in the history of literature. In his enormous body of works, Dickens combined masterly storytelling, humor, pathos, and irony with sharp social criticism and acute observation of people and places, both real and imagined. His works have been translated into practically every language and his novels have been adapted to plays, films, musicals, and so on.查尔斯-狄更斯，英国大名鼎鼎的作家，是19世纪英国现实主义文学的主要代表。他笔耕一生，靠勤奋和汗水创作出《双城记》、《大卫-科波菲尔》等世界名著。作品艺术上以妙趣横生的幽默、细致入微的心理分析，以及现实主义描写与浪漫主义气氛的有机结合著称。

[译文] 这是一个最好的时代，也是一个最坏的时代；这是明智的年代，这是愚昧的年代；这是信任的纪元，这是怀疑的纪元；这是光明的季节，这是黑暗的季节； 这是希望的春日，这是失望的冬日； 我们面前拥有一切，我们面前没有一切； 我们都将直上天堂，我们都将直下地狱。

Great Expectations（Charles Dickens）远大前程
下面的一段选自查尔斯·狄更斯的《远大前程》（1860－1861），这是他比较晚期的作品。狄更斯经历了丰富的人间生活后，对人，对周围环境，对自己的生活经历都有了深刻的认识，而所有他成熟的思想认识都汇总在《远大前程》一书中。
这部作品的语言可谓是出神入化，要学习英国语言，这是一本典范。狄更斯的作品不矫揉造作，不选用那些华而不实的词语。他的用词都简单明了，朴实易懂。所以文字读来朴实无华，如行云流水。

As the night was fast falling, and as the moon, being past the full, would not rise early, we held a little council: a short one, for clearly our course was to lie by at the first lonely tavern we could find. So, they plied their oars once more, and I looked out for anything like a house. Thus we held on, speaking little, for four or five dull miles. It was very cold, and, a collier coming by us, with her gallery-fire smoking and flaring, looked like a comfortable home. The night was as dark by this time as it would be until morning; and what light we had, seemed to come more from the river than the sky, as the oars in their dipping stuck at a few reflected stars.
Excepted from Great Expectations by Charles Dickens

council [ 5kaunsil ]: an assembly of persons called together for consultation, deliberation, or discussion讨论会议
tavern [ 5tAvE(:)n ]: 酒馆, 客栈
plied their oars: 使劲划起桨来
collier [ 5kCliE ]: 运煤船
gallery-fire: 厨房
Great Expectations，意思是指一笔遗产，中文有的译为“远大前程”（有的译作“孤星血泪”）。这个译名给读者一种印象，即作品的主人公是有远大前程的。而事实上，这个“远大前程”是带讽刺意义的，这部作品的主题决非仅仅是写孤儿皮普想当上等人的理想幻灭的故事，如果这样理解，就领会错了狄更斯创作这部作品的意义。皮普生活在姐姐家里，生活艰苦，他的理想是当一名像姐夫一样的铁匠，他没有想当上等人。后来他之所以想当上等人是因为环境的改变。狄更斯的哲学思想之一是环境对人思想的影响。不同的环境可以造就成不同的人。皮普的整个发展过程是符合一般人性理论的。

[译文] 天黑得很快，偏巧这天又是下弦月，月亮不会很早升起。我们就稍稍商量了一下，可是也用不到多讨论，因为情况是明摆着的，再划下去我们一遇到冷落的酒店就得投宿。于是他们又使劲打起桨来，我则用心寻找岸上是否隐隐约约有什么房屋的模样。这样又赶了四五英里路，一路上好不气闷，大家简直不说一句话。天气非常冷，一艘煤船从我们近旁驶过，船上厨房里生着火，炊烟缕缕，火光荧荧，在我们看来简直就是个安乐家了。这时夜色已经黑透，看来就要这样一黑到天明，我们仅有的一点光亮，是乎不是来自天空，而是来自河上，一桨又一桨的，搅动着那寥寥几颗倒映在水里的寒星。

Of Studies (Francis Bacon) 论读书
培根的随笔，灵活洒脱，无拘无束，又不失结构的严谨。黑格尔曾有过这样的评述：“他的著作虽然充满着最美妙、最聪明的言论，但是要理解其中的智慧，通常只需要付出很少的理性努力。因此它的话常常被人拿来当作格言。”(《哲学史讲演录》第4卷，“关于培根”。) 这一评价，当然也包括本篇在内。

Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgement and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshaling of affairs, come best from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies, is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgement only by their rules is the humour of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies; simple men admire them; and wise men use them: for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested: that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be, only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of book: else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things.
Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need hav