高三英语第一轮复习教案语法三（状语从句）.doc

状语从句
一．状语从句的定义：在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。状语从句通常由一个连词引起，也可以由一个起连词作用的词组引起，有时甚至不需要连词直接和主句连接起来。
状语从句一般分为九大类
时间状语从句 地点状语从句 原因状语从句 目的状语从句 结果状语从句
条件状语从句 方式状语从句 比较状语从句 让步状语从句
二．状语从句的分类：
1．时间状语从句：
在时间状语从句中，要注意时态一致，一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。可以引导时间状语从句的连词很多，根据意义和主从句之间的时间关系，又可分类如下：
（1）表示同时性，即主从句的谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。
其连词有：when （当……的时候）, while（当……的时候）, as（当……的时候）, once（一旦……）as soon as（一……就……）, the time（当……的时刻）, the moment（当……的时刻）,
by the time（到……时候为止）, next time(下次), the first time(第一次……的时候), the last time(上次……的时候)，immediately（一……就……）, instantly（一……就……）,directly（一……就……）以下关联词引起的句子中，前面常用过去完成时，后面用一般过去时hardly /scarcely…when…（刚……就……）, no sooner…than…（刚……就……）
Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。
While I am washing the floor, you can be cleaning the windows.（while含有对比的意思）
我洗地板的时候，你可以擦窗户。
As / When I came home, I met an old schoolmate of mine.我回家的时候遇到了我的一位老同学。
I’ll ring you up as soon as I get an answer from him.我一有他的答复就给你打电话。
Once you see him, you will never forget him. 你一旦见过他，就不会忘了他的。
Hardly had we got into the country when it began to rain. 我们一到乡下就开始下雨了。
= We had hardly got into the country when it began to rain.
No sooner had he come home than she started complaining. 他一到家她就开始抱怨。
= He had no sooner come home than she started complaining.
He made for the door directly he heard the knock. 他一听到敲门声就向门口走去。
She rushed into the room immediately / the moment she heard the noise.她一听到声音就冲进房间
He left me a good impression the first time I met him.我第一次见他时，他给我留下了好印象。
He had no sooner arrived there than he fell ill.他刚到达那里就生起病来。
He had hardly finished when someone rose to refute his points.他还没说完就有人起来反驳他的论点
She had scarcely fallen asleep when a knock at the door awakened her.她刚要睡着，忽然敲门的声音把她惊醒。
★as、when、while用法一览表
类别
作 用
例 句
as
as表示“当……的时候”，往往和when/ while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。如果从句和主句要表示一个人的两个动作交替进行或同时完成时，则多用as，可译为“一边......，一边......”
She came up as I was cooking.(同时)
The runners started as the gun went off.(几乎同时)
He looked behind from to time as he went.
他一边走，一边不时地往后看。
As time goes on, it’s getting warmer and warmer..随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖了。
when
(at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。如果表示从句的动作在主句的动作“之前”或“之后”发生时，多用when（=after）, 不用as或
while。此外，when还含有“at that moment”的意思（= and then），引起的句子不能放在句首，也不能用as, while来替换。
It was raining when we arrived.(指时间点)
When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段时间内)
We were watching TV when suddenly the lights went out.我们正在看电视，这时灯突然灭了。
They had just arrived home when it began to
rain.他们刚到家，这时天就开始下雨了。
while
while意思是“当……的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生，从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表示a period of time时，两者可以互换。
当主从句之间表示转折或对比关系时，多用while, 不用as或when
Please don’t talk so loud while others are working.
He fell asleep while/when reading. Strike while the iron is hot.(用as或when不可，这里的while意思是“趁……”)
She thought I was talking about her daughter, while in fact, I was talking about my daughter.她以为我在谈论她女儿，而事实上，我在谈论我的女儿。
（2）表示先时或后时，即主句的谓语动作发生在从句之前或之后。
主要连词有：after（在……之后，before（在……之前）, when(=after)等。如：
After / When the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons.
孩子睡觉了以后她开始备课。（从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前，所以从句用了过去完成时）
He had learned English for three years before he went to London. 他去伦敦之前已学了三年英语。
（主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前，所以主句用了过去完成时）
常用句型：It is/was/will be …before… 要过多久才…
It will be another five days before we finish this task. 还要再过5天我们才能完成这个任务。
It isn’t/ wasn’t/won’t be … before… 没有过多久就…
It was not long before I forgot it all. 我没有过多久就全忘了。
He ran off before I could stop him.（主句和从句的动作几乎同时发生，时态一致）
我还没来得及阻止他他就跑掉了。(注意before在汉语中的译义)
（3）表示习惯性、经常性，即从句描述的不是一次性动作，而是经常发生的习惯性动作。
主要连词有every time（每次）, each time（每次）, whenever（每当）等。
Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.每当我们遇上困难的时候他们就来帮我们
Each time he came to town he would visit our school.他每次进城，总要来看看我们的学校。
Every time I went to his house, he was out.我每次去他家，他都出去了。
(4）表示持续性或瞬间性
主要连词有：since（自从）,ever since（自从）,until（直到……才/为止,till（直到……才/为止）
常用句型: It is /was…since…
It is just a week since we arrived here.我们到这儿刚刚一星期。
(主句的动作或状态持续时间较短，不能用ever since)
You have been reading to me ever since James went out. 自从James走后你一直在给我朗读。
(ever 放在since之前是用来表示说话者强调主句动作或状态持续时间长)
The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged during the war and has been silent ever since.( ever since可以放在句末， since则不能)
这只一向日夜不停打点报时的大钟在战争中损坏了，从此就一直不响了。
My uncle went to Tibet in 1951. He has been living there ever since.我叔叔于1951年去了西藏，从那以后他一直生活在那里。
Things went well until / till one night an accident happened.事情一切正常直到一天晚上发生意外
I knew nothing about it until / till he told me. 他告诉我了我才知道。
★until与till及 not…until / till的用法
①until和till都可表示“直到．．．．．．为止”，与持续性动词的肯定式连用。如：
He waited until / till we finished our meal.他一直等到我们吃完饭。
②当until和till表示“直到．．．．．．才．．．．．．”时，通常与短暂动词的否定式连用，这时，until和till也可用before代替。如：
I didn’t leave until / till / before she came back.直到她回来，我才离开的。
③be动词的肯定式和否定式都可以和until或till连用。
④until引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但till从句一般不放在句首。如：
Until he told me, I knew nothing about it.他告诉我了我才知道。
当not until位于句首时，主句中的主语、谓语要使用倒装语序：
Not until she came back did I leave. = I didn’t leave until she came back.
在强调句型中一般用until，不用till。如：
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
2． 地点状语从句
地点状语从句是由where（在……的地方）, wherever（无论哪里）引导的：
Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet.武汉位于长江和汉水汇合处。
Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。
You’d better make a mark where you have any questions.(这里where引导的从句不是定语从句)
哪儿有问题，你最好在哪儿做个记号。
He would keep in touch with us wherever he was.他无论在什么地方，总是与我们保持联系。
3． 原因状语从句
表示原因的状语从句可以由as（由于）,because(因为), since（既然）,now (that) (既然), for (由于)considering that（顾及到）, seeing that（由于）等连词引导：
I do it because I like it.因为我喜欢我才干。(because不能与 so连用)
He couldn’t have seen me, because I was not there.他不可能见过我，因为当时我不在那儿。
Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.由于好些人都没到会，我们决定延期开会
Now that/Since you are all here, let’s try and reach a decision.既然大家都来了咱们就设法做一个决定吧
As she was ill, she didn’t come to the party.由于病了，她没来参加晚会。
Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.考虑到他们才刚刚学做，他们干得算很不错的了。
★because, as, for , since 的区别
类别
用法
例句
because
because语气最强表示不知道的原因时用because,即说话人认为听话人不知道，因此because从句是全句最重要的部分，通常它被置于主句之后。下列情况下只能使用because:
①在回答why的问句时；②在用于强调句型时；
③被not所否定时。
You want to know why I’m leaving? I’m leaving because I’m full.
for
for的语气不及because, since, as强，为并列连词，引导的分句常放在主句之后，从句前通常用逗号，表示说话者为所做的推断和预测提供理由，或对前一分句进行补充和解释。如果不是因果关系，而是对前面主句的内容加以解释或推断时，只能用for。
It’s morning now, for the birds are singing.（很显然，鸟叫不可能是“现在已是早上”的原因。）
as/since
表示已经知道的原因时用as或since,即某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉，因此它是句中不很重要的部分。since要比as正式一些，它们通常被置于语句之前，但有时却相反。
Seeing all of the children already seated, he said,“Since everyone is here, let’s start.”
4． 目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的主要连词有: so that（以便）, in order that（为了）, for fear that（以便）,目的状语从句的谓语动词常与情态动词can, could, may, might, should连用
Let’s take the front seats (so) that we may see more clearly.我们坐前排吧，这样我们看得更清楚些。
School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.
早点儿放学是为了让孩子们在暴风雨到来之前回家。
He took the name down for fear that he should forget it.
他把名字写下省得忘了。（该从句中一般用情态动词should+动词原形，或省略should）
Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.最好多带些衣服以防天气会冷。
5． 结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的连词有：that, so that（从句中不带情态动词）, so…that(如此……以致……),
such…that(如此……以致……)等。
What has happened that you all look so excited? 发生了什么事，使你们都显得如此兴奋？
He didn’t plan his time well, so that/so he didn’t finish the work in time.
他没把时间计划好，结果没按时完成这项工作。
We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door. 我们走得匆忙，把门都忘了锁了。
The village is so small that it cannot be shown in the map.这村子太小，所以这地图上没有。
Jenny is such a clever girl that all the teachers like her very much
= Jenny is so clever a girl that all the teachers like her very much
Jenny是如此聪明的女孩，以至老师们都非常喜欢她。
注意：so + 形容词/副词 + that从句；such +　名词 + that从句。
但是，当名词前有many, much, few, little(少)修饰时，要用so,不能用such。
I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.我摔了许多跤，以至于浑身青一块紫一块
He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.他朋友很少，所以经常感到孤独。
I had so little money then that I couldn’t afford a little present.我当时囊中羞涩连一份小小礼物都买不起
6． 条件状语从句
表示条件的状语从句可以由if（如果）,unless（除非）, in case（万一）, so /as long as（只要）, as/ so far as（就……而言）, on condition that（条件是……）suppose（假设）supposing（假设）（仅用在问句中）等词或词组引导。一般情况下当主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。
As/So long as we don’t lose heart, we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.
只要我们不灰心，我们就能找到克服困难的方法。
Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.万一你有什么困难，请给我们一个信儿。
If you leave at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning, you’d better get to bed now.
如果你明早6点钟走，你最好现在就上床。
We’ll let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.
只要你能保持整洁，我们可以让你使用这个房间。
As/So far as I know, he is an expert on DNA.据我所知，他是一个DNA专家。
He’ll accept the job unless the salary is too low/ if the salary is not too low.
他会接受这项工作的，除非薪水太少/如果薪水不太少的话。
Suppose/Supposing we can’t get enough food, what shall we do?
假设我们弄不到足够的食物，那我们怎么办？
7． 方式状语从句
方式状语从句常由as（与……一样）, as if（仿佛）, as though（仿佛）等词引导：
Do in Rome as the Romans do.入乡随俗。
Leave things as they are.让一切顺其自然。
She stood at the door as if (=as though) she were waiting for someone.她站在门口，仿佛在等人似的。（由as if或 as though引导的从句中可用虚拟语气）
8． 比较状语从句
比较状语从句常由than（比）, as（与……一样）等词引导：
It rains more often in Shanghai than in Beijing.上海下的雨比北京的多。
Our country is as big as the whole of Europe.我们的国家同整个欧洲一样大。
The result was not as/so good as I had expected.结果不如我预料的那么好。
常见句型：the +比较级，the +比较级
The busier he is, the happier he feels.他越忙越开心。
9． 让步状语从句
让步状语从句由although（尽管）, though（尽管）, however（无论怎样）,whatever（无论什么）, whoever（无论谁）, whomever（无论谁）, whichever（无论哪个）,whenever（无论何时）, wherever（无论哪里）, whether（是否）, no matter (who, what, where, when) （无论……）, even if（即使）, even though（即使）等词引导。
We won’t be discouraged even if(=even though) we fail ten times.我们就是失败十次也不泄气。
It was an exciting game, though / although no goals were scored.
那是一场精彩的球赛，尽管一个球都没进。(though, although不能与 but连用)
Whether you believe it or not, it’s true.不管你信不信，这是真的。
However (=No matter how) expensive it may be, I’ll take it.无论它有多贵，我也要买下它。
Don’t let them in, whoever(=no matter who) they are.不管他们是谁，别让他们进来。
No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I’m wrong.无论我说什么或怎么说，他总认为是我错。
连词as也可以引导让步状语从句，但从句中要用特殊语序。如：
Young as he is, he knows a lot=Though he is young 或Young though he is, he….
他虽然年轻，但懂得很多。(though 也有这种用法，可以替换as,但although没有这种用法)
though还可以用作副词，放在句末。如：
It was hard work;; I enjoyed it, though=It was hard work, but I enjoyed it.那工作很苦但是我喜欢干
一般情况下，unless相当于if…not，可以互换。如：
I won’t let you in unless you show me your pass = I won’t let you in if you don’t show me your pass.如果你不出示通行证，我就不让你进来。
10．省略现象
有些表示时间、地点、条件、方式或让步等的状语从句中，如果谓语含有动词be，主语又和主句中的主语一致，或者主语是it，常把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分（特别是动词be）省略掉。注意状语从句中从句的省略现象
（1）连接词 + 过去分词
Don’t speak until spoken to.= Don’t speak until you are spoken to.
Pressure can be increased when needed.= Pressure can be increased when it is needed
Unless repaired, the washing machine is no use. =Unless it is repaired, the washing machine is no use.
（2）连词 +　现在分词
Look out for cars when crossing the street(= when you are crossing …).过街时当心车辆。
（3）连词 + 形容词/其他
常见的有it necessary、if possible、when necessary、if any等。
She hurriedly left the room as though /if angry (= as though/if she was /were angry…).
她急匆匆地走出屋去，好象很生气的样子。
If possible, I’d like to have two copies if it (= if it is possible,…). 可能的话，我想要两本。
She advised me not to say anything unless asked (= unless I was asked).
她劝我别说什么，除非有人要我说。
As a young man, he studied law and became a lawyer(= As/ When he was a young man,…).他年轻时就学了法律，并当了律师。

状语从句基础训练题
1. Not until all the fish died in the river __________how serious the pollution was.
A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized
C. the villagers did realize D. didn’t the villagers realize
2. —Why do you drink so much coffee?
—Well, _________it doesn’t keep me awake in the nights; I see no harm in it.
A. although B. if C. unless D. while
3. It was __________it rained heavily that they didn’t come.
A. as B. because C. for D. since
4. Why not buy a cheaper one, _____________you don’t have enough money?
A. since B. because C. for D. though
5. It is ten years ____________I left home.
A. when B. after C. since D. as
6. He speaks English _____________he speaks his mother tongue.
A. so good as B. as good as C. so well as D. as well as
7. Try _______he might, he couldn’t get out of difficulty.
A. when B. where C. till D. as
8. __________I saw the computer, I showed great interest in it.
A. At first B. For the first time C. Until D. The first time
9. I don’t think you’ll be able to understand this formula(公式) ____________you finish school.
A. as if B. only when C. even D. even when
10. I often visited Tian’an Men Square ____________I was staying in Beijing.
A. until B. during C. while D. throughout
11. He always thinks I’m wrong, _____________I may say.
A. no matter whatever B. whatever C. what D. that
12. __________the rain has stopped, let’s continue to work.
A. For B. Now that C. That D. Because
13. ____________, I am sure that the boy is honest.
A. Whatever people say B. No matter people say
C. What people say D. It doesn’t matter people say
14. I knew Mr. Green _____________I knew Mrs. Green.
A. long before B. before long C. long ago D. after long
15. They waited __________it was dark before leaving, _________they didn’t want anyone to see them leave.
A. since; because B. until; as C. unless; for D. so; because
16. __________often you ring, no one will answer.
A. How B. However C. Whom D. Whenever
17. I will never stop ______________they might like it.
A. no matter how B. how C. what D. though
18. Father was ________busy in working __________he often forgot rest or meals.
A. very, that B. so, that C. such, as D. enough, as
19. We made a decision __________there would be rain, we should stay at home.
A. that B. if C. that if D. whether
20. I usually watch TV in the evening ____________I have to study for an examination.
A. because B. unless C. while D. the moment

状语从句强化训练题
1. he met with the difficulty did he realize the importance of our help．
A．Even though B．Never until C．Only before D．Ever since
2．My mother is always warning me when l go out，“Don't get off the bus it is stop