读写译(仓兰菊)Unit-2-Lifestyle-and-Health培训讲学.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Practical English for Master Students in Engineering:,Reading,Writing and Translation,Lifestyle and Health,Unit 2,Due to the advancement of science and technology,many modern devices make it much easier for people to perform their daily tasks both in the workplace and at home.As a result,people have become more and more sedentary,that is,，,they do much of their work and they entertain themselves just sitting there,with much less physical activity involved.But a sedentary lifestyle is very harmful to peoples health.,After studying this unit,you will be able to:,Understand what health is.,Explain the relationship between lifestyle and health.,Discuss what lifestyles are good for our health.,Lead-in,Unit 2:Part One-Reading,Pre-reading Activities,Topic Preview,Listening Practice,Vocabulary Preview,Text,General Understanding,Language Focus,Translation,Post-reading Activities,In-class Discussion,Watch and Practice,After-class Case Study,1).How many hours do you spend playing with your smart phones everyday?How many hours do you sit in front of a computer everyday?,2).Do you think you get enough physical activity at university?,3).Do you think if you are healthy enough?If not,what health problems do you have?,Pre-reading Activities,In pairs or small groups,discuss the questions below and take notes.After the discussion,please summarize.,I.Topic Preview,Pre-reading Activities,Listen to the report“Cooking Up Human Intelligence”and fill in the blanks with what you have heard.,II.Listening Practice,Words and Expressions,density,n.,the amount per unit size,mammal,n.,any animal of which the female gives birth to babies,not eggs,and feeds them on milk from her own body.,primate,n.,a member of the most developed and intelligent group of mammals,including humans,monkeys,and apes,灵长类的动物,metabolic,a.,processes by which the body uses food for energy and growth,新陈代谢的，代谢作用的,Cooking Up Human Intelligence,So what makes the human brain so,1.,_?Actually,it might not be that special after all.,In 2009,Dr.Suzana Herculano Houzel and her,2.,_ showed that the human brain has the same,3.,_of nerve cells as other primates.Comparing humans to smaller primates,she,4.,_ that our brain is no bigger than it should be for our body size.Still,given thedistinctiveway that primate brains,5.,_ with size,we may have the most brain,6.,_ of anymammal.,But some mammals are a lot bigger than us.Shouldnt they have bigger brains,too?,You are right.,7.,_ can grow to be three times our size,but still have much smaller brains than ours.,Brain cells need more energy than most body cells.Although the brain is less than 2 percent of the mass of the human body,it,8.,_ 20 percent of our restingmetabolic,9.,_.Gorillas have to spend more than eight hours every day eating to get enough calories to support their big body,and they simply cant,10.,_ a bigger brain.,special,colleagues,claims,scale,cells,consumes,afford,density,Gorillas,energy,Pre-reading Activities,A.,Read each of the sentences below.Choose the answer that is closest to the meaning of the,italicized,word in each sentence.,III.Vocabulary Preview,_ 1.,stimulus,_ 3.,compose,_,syndrome,_,eliminate,_,parallel,_,retain,_ 2.,diagnosis,_ 4.,obese,_,component,_,prone,_,squad,_,prior,c,a,c,a,b,b,b,c,a,b,c,a,Pre-reading Activities,B.,Fill in the blanks with the,italicized,words from the previous exercise.Change the word form if necessary.,III.Vocabulary Preview,_ 7._,_ 8._,3._ 9._,4._ 10._,5._ 11._,6._ 12._,eliminate,retains,components,syndrome,prior,squad,prone,composed,obese,stimuli,parallel,diagnosis,The Working Couch Potato:,How to Get out of the Sedentary Rut,By Justin Wolf,Text:,General Understanding,I.Why do people adopt a sedentary lifestyle?,II.What health problems will it cause?,III.What is the influence on the psychological well-being?,The structure of the Text,Para.1,Para.2-6,Paras.7,IV.How to eliminate the effects?,Para.8,I.Why do people adopt a sedentary lifestyle?,The most,basic:,People sit,when they:,Health and,psychological,problems:,A common lifestyle,i.e.“people are increasingly choosing to.”,eat,work,watch TV or play video games,obesity,heart disease,depression,anxiety,General Understanding,II.What health problems will it cause?,General Understanding,Obesity,Hypertension,Hypercholesterolemia(,血胆脂醇过高,),Hearth disease,Type 2 diabetes,III.What is the influence on the psychological well-being?,General Understanding,Stress,Clinical or subclinical depression or anxiety,The ample solution to improving mental well-being is exercise.,IV.How to eliminate the effects?,General Understanding,Two ways to eliminate the effects of sedentary habits on peoples health:,individuals should take efforts to jog,walk and do more exercise.,employers and schools should put forward solutions to make the employees and students healthier.,What are the specific measures?What else can you suggest?,General Understanding,Choose the best answer for the following.,1,2,A,8,C,7,6,5,4,3,D,C,B,B,B,D,The Working :,How to Get out of the Sedentary Rut,By,Justin Wolf,1,In the modern day people are increasingly choosing to adopt a,sedentary,lifestyle.They eat while sitting,they play video games and watch television while sitting,they travel sitting,and they even work sitting!,Students are subjected to long periods of being immobile,and they lose concentration because of it.,Many adults go to work only to sit for hours and hours at a desk.Then they go home while sitting in a car,eat at the table,do their bills or maybe some homework,and then spend many hours staring at a television or playing video games until they go to bed.Obviously,people,both young and old,are becoming sedentary,and hence those people are experiencing health problems,such as,obesity,and heart disease.These ailments,in turn,cause many psychological problems such as depression or anxiety.Therefore,in order to restore good mental and physical health to sedentary individuals it must be ensured that those people get some exercise.,Language Focus,Translation,Couch Potato,2,A study done by The North American Association for the Study of Obesity showed that there is,in fact,a,correlation,between the activity of a person and the presence or absence of certain health problems.To begin their study;they picked five moderately or severely sedentary workplaces with about but no more than one-hundred employees,in Prince Edward Island,Canada.The next step the study took required each employee,from each of the five workplaces,to,be equipped with,a,pedometer,-a device used to calculate the amount of steps a person takes daily-to display their daily physical activity.,Please discuss how this paragraph is developed?,Language Focus,Translation,3,Their data makes it,undeniably,clear that there exists a correlation between physical activity and the health of individual people.The people with the fewest steps/day had the greatest BMI body mass index the worst,diastolic,blood pressure,and the largest waist circumference-all are indicators of obesity.Moreover,the study found that,four out of every five people,who work at a sedentary occupation namely,office jobs are obese.,Language Focus,Translation,4,The study also found:Participants who reported a,prior,diagnosis of one or more components of the metabolic,syndrome,(,hypertension,hypercholesterolemia,heart disease,or,type 2 diabetes,)took fewer steps/day than healthy participants.Therefore,it can also be concluded that lack of activity,caused by a sedentary lifestyle,is likely to result in the,diagnosis,of one or more constituents of the metabolic syndrome.In short,getting little activity is a very unhealthy thing to do,so dont be sedentary!,Language Focus,Translation,5,This study,targeted,sedentary work sites,but the problem of sedentary lifestyles extends to the home.Labor saving technologies such as dishwashers,vacuums,and washing machines have made it so people are required to do very little in order to maintain a household.The schools even,retain,a sedentary model!Less than thirty-six percent of schools offer physical education classes.Hence students receive no physical activity,and lose focus because of that.If the schools want better students they need to find a way to make students more physically active.,Language Focus,Translation,6,Another study by Dr.Joan Gandy of Oxford Brookes University suggested that the average man stood to burn 180 fewer calories than the norm of energy a day,the average woman 142 fewer.Following that is the conclusion:to pass their time,people probably entertain themselves with technologies like video games and televisions,and that those sort of entertainment,gadgets,are also causing people to be only entertained by,stimuli,received while sedentary.Hence technology has made it so that people are no longer required to,partake,in physical activity to get through life,and thus people have a predominantly sedentarily conditioned lifestyle.,Language Focus,Translation,7,That lack of physical activity also affects the psychological well-being of an individual.There have been many studies showing that there is a,parallel,between physical health and mental well-being.Exercise releases,endorphins,or feel-good chemicals into the blood stream which reach the brain to make a person feel,exulted,.In addition,Exercise lowers blood pressure,which,in turn,makes a person less,prone,to stress.There is,as well,hundreds of studies and about thirty narrative reviews that suggest that exercise could cure clinical and,subclinical,depression or anxiety.Accordingly,exercise is an ample solution to improving mental well-being and helps people better,compose,themselves for a task such as school or a job.,Language Focus,Translation,8,There are two ways to,eliminate,the affects of sedentary habits on peoples health.First and foremost is the effort an individual can take to make themselves healthful.They can go for a jog,walk instead of driving,join the health club,or for students join an athletic,squad,.Next comes the solutions employers and schools can,instigate,to make their employees and students healthier.Schools can have more,recess,have longer breaks between classes,and require Physical Education as a class.Employers can have their employees get up about every hour and walk a,lap,around the building,have health requirements,or maybe do something creative thing like building a chair/bike which employees must,pedal,for a half of an hour before getting a lunch break.In short,people need to get exercise by whatever means possible.,Language Focus,Translation,couch potato,Idiom,A,couch potato,is an extremely idle or lazy person who chooses to spend most of their leisure time horizontal in front of the TV and eats a diet that is mainly junk food.,“土豆”一词有双重含义，一是指终日在沙发上看电视的人就像“种在沙发前的土豆”一样不动，另一是指这类人一般总在看电视的同时不停地吃炸土豆片。这种生活习惯使人像土豆一样胖胖圆圆，沙发土豆因此得名。,couch potato,Origin and development of couch potato,20,世纪,60,年代,，沙发土豆的生活方式在美国开始流行，后来又传遍西方各国，并进入日渐西化的日本，随后进入中国，成为极其重要的致胖因素。,1976,年,，美国人罗伯特,阿姆斯特朗的一位朋友首次提出了“沙发土豆”这个词语，因为它简洁而且形象、生动，便广为传播。,20,世纪,80,年代早期,，阿姆斯特朗为“沙发土豆”一词做了商标注册。,1993,年,，沙发土豆被收入,牛津英语词典,。,21,世纪,，沙发土豆已经常见诸报章和网络，被人们广为使用。它不仅进入美国人的词汇，也逐渐被汉语世界和其他国家读者接纳。,sedentary,英,sedntri,美,sednteri,adj.,坐着的（指工作等）坐着干的 案头的（指人）不爱活动的,a.(Par.1):characterizedbymuchsittingandlittlephysical exercise,e.g.If you have a sedentary job,you must try to set aside time to take exercise.,1.I dont think a sedentary life would altogether suit me.,我认为长期伏案的生活一点也不适合我。,2.People in sedentary jobs need to take exercise.,工作上要久坐的人需要做运动,.,3.Bookkeeping is a sedentary occupation.,会计是一种需要坐着工作的职业,.,2.,Students are subjected to long periods of being immobile,and they lose concentration because of it.,(Par.1):Because students have to sit there for long periods of classes being unable to move,they cant concentrate on their studies.,subject,v:(often passive)to cause to experience or suffer,e.g.He was subjected to torture in prison.,We have to take it into consideration that we may be subjected to extreme weather.,obesity,英,bi:st,美,obisti,n.,肥胖，过胖；肥胖；肥胖症；过度肥胖；单纯性肥胖,1.The study also demonstrated a direct link between,obesity,and mortality.,该研究还表明了肥胖症和死亡率之间存在直接的联系。,2.,Obesity,correlates with increased risk for hypertension and stroke.,肥胖会增加高血压和中风发作的几率。,3.,Obesity,is a major risk factor in many diseases.,肥胖是引发多种疾病的重要因素。,correlation,英,krlen,美,k:rlen,n.,相互关系 相关性,correlation,n.(Par.2):a shared connection of cause and effect,e.g.The statistics indicate that there is a high correlation between unemployment and crime.,1.There is a direct correlation between exposure to sun and skin cancer.,皮肤暴露在太阳下与皮肤癌直接相关。,2.The second group of measurements had a high correlation with the first.,第二组测量数据与第一组高度相关,.,3.Are you familiar with their correlation?,你了解他们的相互关系吗？,英,bi:ikwipt wi,美,bi kwpt w,装备有；装有；配备；装备,1.Those that are used should,be,equipped,with,adequate aeration.,这些部位应当配置有适当的充气。,2.It must,be,equipped,with,an 8-bit data-bus.,它需要配备,8,位数据总线。,3.Nearly all modern process chromatographs can,be,equipped,with,facilities for multistream analysis.,几乎所有的现代工业色谱仪都配有多流路采样系统。,4.All cars must,be,equipped,with,parts to reduce emissions.,所有汽车都必须安装减少排放物的装置,.,5.It was said to,be,equipped,with,Russian engines and radars.,有人说是俄罗斯装有发动机和雷达,.,be equipped with,英,pedmt(r),美,ped:mt(r),n.,步数计，步程计；计步器,1.The use,pedometer,to calculate a day every day of the journey.,使用步程计,计算一天里每天走的路程,.,2.New features include video,voice recording,an FM radio,and a,pedometer,.,新功能包括视频,录音,FM,收音机,和一个计步器,.,3.This program makes a great partner to your,pedometer,.,这一计划作出了伟大的合作伙伴到您的计步器,.,4.In addition,walk-loving mobile phone users will be channeled a,pedometer,to use it.,此外,爱好散步的用户可将此款手机作为计步器来使用,.,-miter,-meter,仪器,tachmiter,（,视距仪、准距仪），,tromometer,（,微震仪），,thermometer,。,pedometer,undeniable,=un+deny+able(any other examples?),adj.,不可否认的 无法抵赖的,无可争辩的 确实优秀的 无可疵议的,1.It is undeniable that the economic picture is brightening.,不可否认经济状况正在好转。,2.He had undeniable charm.,他具有不可否认的魅力。,3.That all great art has this power of suggesting a world beyond is undeniable.,不可否认,一切伟大的艺术都具有使人有超尘脱俗的浮想的力量,.,diastolic,英,dastlk,美,dastlk,adj.,心脏舒张的,1.Both systolic and diastolic pressures are recorded.,收缩压和舒张压均可记录下来,.,2.Normally the heart movements can be felt as distinct systolic and diastolic thumps.,正常时,能够感觉到心脏的运动是性质截然不同的收缩和舒张的撞击,.,3.The systolic pressure,diastolic pressure and heart rate showed no significant changes.,用药后患者动脉收缩压,舒张压及心率无显著变化,.,four out of every five people,每五个人中有四个,/,百分之八十的人,Only two out of every ten students in our class are girls.,out of,1,自,离开,a safe passage out of the war zone,从战争地带的安全离开,A man rushed out of the bank and two men took after him.,一名男子冲出银行,另两名男子追了出来。,2,从,里,A great spurt of blood came out of the wound.,鲜血从伤口喷涌而出。,3,由于,(,原因,动