条件状语从句课件.ppt

Adverbial clauses定义定义：在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。或是整个句子。准确掌握每一个准确掌握每一个连词的含的含义是掌握状是掌握状语从句的关从句的关键。同时要注意主从句的时态呼应。同时要注意主从句的时态呼应。状语从句一般分为九大类状语从句一般分为九大类状语从句类别状语从句类别:时间状状语从句从句 地点状地点状语从句从句 原因状原因状语从句从句 目的目的状状语从句从句 结果状果状语从句从句 条件状条件状语从句从句 方式状方式状语从句从句 比比较状状语从句从句 让步状步状语从句从句1.时间状语从句：时间状语从句：引导时间状语从句的连词有：引导时间状语从句的连词有：when,while,as,the moment,before,after,till,until,since,as soon as 等。等。请注意请注意 when,while,as 的区别的区别When -当当时候时候,通常指某一特定的时间点，主通常指某一特定的时间点，主句与从句的动作同时发生。句与从句的动作同时发生。When I opened the window,I saw him come up.When I have time,I will go to see you.When I came home,I met an old schoolmate of mine.He said he would tell her about it when he saw her.*注意：注意：在时间状语从句中，主从句都是将来的动作或在时间状语从句中，主从句都是将来的动作或状态时，习惯上主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时。状态时，习惯上主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时。When-正在正在的时候，突然的时候，突然。通常主句是进行时。通常主句是进行时或或 be about to 时，在翻译的时候，时，在翻译的时候，when 可以译成没可以译成没想到或突然。想到或突然。I was walking along the street,when I met him.I was about to fall asleep when my sister came in.One evening,little Hans was sitting near the fire when he heard a loud knock at the door.When 当从句是进行时，主句是一般时，往往表示当从句是进行时，主句是一般时，往往表示不满。不满。Someone knocked at the door when I was having breakfast.When I was leaving the house,the postman arrived.When the children had gone to bed,she began toprepare her lessons.When=afterWhile-在在期间，往往指一段时间。期间，往往指一段时间。While we were in America,we saw him twice.While we were talking,he came in.Strike while the iron is hot.While-表示一种不满情绪，意思是这边在干某种重表示一种不满情绪，意思是这边在干某种重要的事，而另一边在享受等。要的事，而另一边在享受等。We are cleaning the classroom while they are playing the football.The soldier faces the powder while the beauty powder the face.While I am washing the floor,you can be cleaning the windows.As-一边一边一边一边,随着随着She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music.As she grew older,she became more beautiful.As-当当时，指一个动作紧接着一个动作发生，时，指一个动作紧接着一个动作发生，从句通常用进行时。从句通常用进行时。As I was going out,it began to rain.I saw Mary as she was going on the bus.As he was eating his breakfast,he heard someone knock at the door.Someone patted me on the shoulder as I was standing before the shop window.The moment-一一就就 =as soon as,immediately,-Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?-Yes,I gave her the moment I saw her.Not until-直到直到才才He didnt leave the office until he finished the work.=He left the office when he finished the work.Not until 可以和可以和 when 互换互换Before-在在之前之前The passengers should arrive at the airport an hour before the flight departs.Did you work as a stewardess before you come to this company?It was not long before I forgot it all.(It was/will be before 是常用句型是常用句型)He ran off before I could stop him.After-在在 之后之后The customer left the ticket counter after he had a quarrel with the ticket agent.The plane took off after the air traffic controller gave clearance.Since-自从自从,通常主句用现在完成时通常主句用现在完成时I have never been there again since I graduated from the university.The captain has traveled almost everywhere in the world since he became a pilot.It is just a week since we arrived here.(It is/has been since是常用句型）是常用句型）As soon as-一一就就Jack went to school as soon as he got well.Ill ring you up as soon as I get an answer from him.No sooner than-一一就就No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.no sooner than 用于句首要求倒装用于句首要求倒装Hardly whenScarcely whenOnce you see him,you will never forget him.Once -一但一但就就Every time,each time 每次每次whenever 每当每当Each time he came to town,he would visit our school.Whenever we met with difficulties,they came to help us.2.条件状语从句条件状语从句引导状语从句的连接词有引导状语从句的连接词有:If,unless,as long as,in case,provided that,on condition thatIf-如果如果If you dont hurry up,you will miss the plane.If it snows tomorrow,the flight will be canceled.If you leave at 6 oclock tomorrow morning,youd better get to bed now.Unless-如果不如果不,除非除非=if notWe cant get there on time unless we book the earliest flight=We cannot get there on time if we dont book the earliest flight.Dont trouble trouble unless trouble troubles you.He will not join us unless he changes his mind.As long as-只要只要We will succeed as long as we keep on trying.You cant play games as long as you remember the rules.A man is not old as long as he is seeking something.As(so)far as-据据所知所知As far as I know,he speaks English very well.As/So far as I know,he is an expert on DNA.In case-假使假使,如果如果The plane cannot take off in case it rains.Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.Provided that 如果如果,有时省略有时省略 thatThe plane will be in good condition provided that it is taken care of carefully.You can become a stewardess provided that you are in good shape and you have got the proper education.On condition that-条件是条件是He said that he would come to the meeting on condition that no one asked him to speak.The mother promised to the son to buy him a toy airplane on condition that he passes his English test.注注:主从句的动作发生在将来时，则主句用将来时主从句的动作发生在将来时，则主句用将来时,从从句用一般现在时。句用一般现在时。If he arrives tomorrow,I will be waiting for him at the airport.He said he would not leave unless it was fine next day.3.地点状语从句地点状语从句 地点状语从句只有两个连词地点状语从句只有两个连词:Where,whereverWhere-在在地方地方Put the medicine where you can easily get it.Where that high building stands,there used to be some low,deserted houses.Where there is a will,there is a way.Wherever-无论哪里无论哪里He follows her wherever she goes.Wherever you are,I will be right there waiting for you.4.原因状语从句原因状语从句 because,as,since,now that,和和considering that,seeing that 这六个连词都用于表示表示原因这六个连词都用于表示表示原因,但在但在语气上一个比一个弱语气上一个比一个弱.Because-因为因为,通常从句放在主句后通常从句放在主句后.Mr Smith was very upset because he couldnt find his luggage.He said that he couldnt work because the computer was out of order.I succeed because I willed it,I never hesitated.I do it because I like it.As-因为因为,通常放在句首通常放在句首As it is quite windy today,he decidesAs he is honest and modest,all his friends like him.Since-既然既然 因语气较弱因语气较弱,常译为既然常译为既然Since everybody has come,we can set off.Since the purser didnt tell us what to do,we can relax.Now that-既然既然Now that you are here,you can join us.Now that all airlines offer discount prices,we should do the same.considering that-顾及到顾及到 Considering that they are just beginners,they are doing quite a good job.seeing that-由于由于 Seeing(that)quite a few people were absent,we decided toput the meeting off.5.结果状语从句结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的连词有：引导结果状语从句的连词有：that,so that,sothatsuchthatSo that-太太以至于以至于 so 后面应用形容词或副后面应用形容词或副词词,有时省略有时省略so只用只用thatBoeing 747 is so large that people like to call it jet bomb.The flight scheduled so early that nobody wanted to look on it.So that-因而，以便，为了因而，以便，为了 有时有时so 可以省去可以省去Can you move your luggage a little bit away so that I can put mine in the overhead bin too.Speak louder please so that the people at the back can hear you.When you skin your customers,you should leave some skin on to grow so that you can skin them again.Such that-太太以至于以至于 用法与用法与sothat相相同，但同，但such 后面应用名词。后面应用名词。The foreign visitor was such a fast speaker that nobody could understand him.The Canadian airlines hangar is such a huge building that it can hold two medium-range jets at the same time.6.目的状语从句目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的主要连词有引导目的状语从句的主要连词有:that,so that,in order that,for fear that,lestLets take the front seats(so)that we may see more clearly.(So)that-以便以便,从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can,could,may,might,should等等 in order that-为了为了,与与so that 相同从句中常常相同从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：使用一些情态动词，如：can,could,may,might,should等等 School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.for fear that-生怕生怕;为了防止为了防止(某事发生某事发生)He took the name down for fear that he should forget it.The instructor emphasized on the issue three times for fear that the students did not pay enough attention to the problem.in case -万一万一 Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.You should bring a dictionary in case you need it.Please take an umbrella in case it rains.Lest-以防万一以防万一The man decided to tell his boss the fact lest he would be angry with him.The manager of the workshop asked his staff to work overtime lest they wouldnt finish the task on time.7.比较状语从句比较状语从句 引导比较状语从句的连词有：引导比较状语从句的连词有：Asas,not so(as)as,.than,the more the more.Asas-像像一样一样If you dont want to miss the flight,you need to be at the airport as early as possible.My grandma told me that her eyesight was as good as 10 years before.Cultivation to the mind is as necessary as food for the body.Not so(as)as-不像不像The job is not so difficult as I thought it would be.The flight was not so/as harmful as the captain predicted.than-比比怎么样，用于事物间的比较，怎么样，用于事物间的比较，more 后面用形容词或副词后面用形容词或副词People believe that being a stewardess is better than most of the other jobs.I personally think that the American movies are more interesting than Chinese onesA beautiful form is better than a beautiful face;a beautiful behavior(is)than a beautiful form.The more,the more-越越 越越The more he listened to that song,the less he enjoyed it.The more things a man is ashamed of,the more respectable he is.8.让步状语从句让步状语从句 引导让步状语从句的连词有：引导让步状语从句的连词有：Although,though,as,even if,even though,no matter,however,whatever,while,whetherAlthough,though-虽然虽然 although 和和though 可以互可以互换，但换，但although 常放在句首。常放在句首。Though可以用于倒装。可以用于倒装。Although it was raining,the plane managed to take off.Although it was not his fault,he took all the blame.Though he did his best,he didnt succeed.Child though he was,he did quite well.As-尽管尽管 as 引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装。引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装。可与可与though 互换。互换。Busy as he is,he never misses a football match.Hard as she works,she makes little progress.Even if/even though-即使即使Even if you dont like your boss,you should do your work.Even if you are not fond of flowers,you shouldnt miss the chrysanthemum exhibition.Even though I might be wrong,I will go my way.Even though his dean didnt mean it,he still felt embarrassed.However-不论，不论，however 引导让步状语从句时，引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装句子通常倒装He couldnt get there on time however fast he drove.The father couldnt make his daughter smile however hard he tried.N o matter(what,when,where,how)-无论（什么，无论（什么，何时，何地，怎样）何时，何地，怎样）The old man wouldnt believe anything no matter what you said.Please tell me the result no matter when you get it.He wouldnt forgive me no matter how hard I begged him.I will find you no matter where you hide.Whatever-不管不管Whatever other people may say,she wont change her mind.Whatever you do,it wont affect our plan.While-尽管尽管While I have sympathy for you,I cant help you.While its none of my business,I will watch you.Whether-不管，常与不管，常与or not 连用连用Whether he is good or not,the company decided to send him abroad.Whether his proposal is practical or not,the department plans to adopt.9.方式状语从句方式状语从句 方式状语从句常由方式状语从句常由:as,as if,as thoughas-与与 一样一样 Do in Rome as the Romans do.Leave things as they are.as if,as though-仿佛仿佛,由由as if或或 as though引导的引导的从句中可用虚拟语气从句中可用虚拟语气 She stood at the door as if(=as though)she were waiting forsomeone.1._ you decide to take up,you should try to make it a success.A.If B.Whenever C.Unless D.Whatever2.It is foolish to take a taxi you can easilywalk to the station.A.before B.that C.unless D.when3.Ill accept any job,_ I dont have to get up early.A.even though B.though C.in case D.as long as4._ problems you have,you can always come tome for help.A.What B.Whatever C.Whichever D.Which5._ much advice I gave him,he did exactly what he wanted to do.A.How B.Whatever C.However D.No matter6.-Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?-Yes.I gave it to her _ I saw her.A.while B.the moment C.suddenly D.once7.If we work with a strong will,we can overcome any difficulty,_ great it is.A.what B.how C.however D.whatever8.I hurried _ I wouldnt be late for class.A.since B.so that C.as if D.unless9.John plays football _,if not better than,David.A.as well B.as well as C.so well D.so well as10.-What was the party like?-Wonderful.Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much.A.after B.when C.before D.since11.Dont change your mind,_ happens to you.A.which B.what C.whichever D.whatever12._ he comes,we wont be able to go.A.Without B.Unless C.Except D.Even13.Nobody believed him _ what he said.A.even though B.even if C.no matter D.because14.I was watching TV _ suddenly the lights went out.A.when B.while C.as D.for15.Take your umbrella with you _ it rains.A.if B.as ifC.in case D.as long as16.No sooner _ entered the office _I heard the telephone ringing.A.had I,when B.I had,than C.had I,than D.I had,when17.I had hardly arrived _ he started crying to go home.A.as B.for C.when D.until18.It wont be long _ you regret what you said.A.since B.when C.before D.till19.The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she_.A.will arrive B.arrives C.is going to arrive D.is arriving20._ the day went on,the weather got worse.A.With B.Since C.While D.As