考研英语写作新思维基础教程.doc

写作新思维基础课程
写作新思维基础课程

第一部分：句子层面的中英思维转换

² 学会调整中英文间的定语状语顺序
² 学会巧妙的掩藏谓语动词

一. 热身——主谓的确定

1. 问题出现

[Problems arise.]

2. 我认为……

[I hold the view that]

3. 有些人认为

[ It has been said that]

4. 人们喜欢…

[People prefer…]

5. 人们担心…

[people are concerned about…]

6. 人们意识到

[people become conscious of]

7. 人们忽略…

[people disregard/turn a blind eye to/turn a deaf ear to]

8. 国家面临问题

[countries face problems]

9. 问题在于

[The problem lies in…]

10. 政府强调

[The government emphasizes that…]

11. 消费者不相信广告

[Consumers are skeptical about advertisements]

12. 艺术反映现实

[Arts reflect/represent life.]

13. 人类利用资源

[Human beings draw upon natural resources]

14. 工作要求资格

[The job requires qualification.]

15. 政府采取措施

[The government takes steps to do…]

16. 国家经历危机

[The country experiences a crisis.]

17. 国家遭受损失

[The country suffers from a loss.]

18. 电视影响人的生活

[TV exerts an influence upon our life.]

19. 本课程训练独立思考能力

[The course trains you to think for yourself.]

20. 汽车在夏天往往过热

[The car tends to overheat in summer.]

21. 评论引争起论

[The remark gives rise to discussion.]

22. 理论来源于实践

[Theory originates from practice.]
23. 做人应该坚持原则

[One should adhere to one’s own principles.]

24. 调查显示

[The recent survey demonstrates that..]

25. 报道揭露社会阴暗面

[The report exposes the dark side of the society]

26. 政府掩盖事实

[The government conceals the fact ]

27. 青年人调整自己适应社会

[The young adjust themselves to the conditions of the society.]

28. 新款福特汽车开始流行

[The new model of Ford comes into fashion.]

29. 潮流显现

[A new trend shows itself.]

30. 潮流依旧

[The trend remains unaltered.]

31. 饥饿在某些区依然存在

[Hunger persists in some areas.]

32. 生活充满不公正

[Life is full of injustice.]

33. 充满激情、渴望

[Have a burning passion/desire for]
34. 接触自然

[Be exposed to nature]
35. 电影获得注意

[the movie receives attention]

二. 定语状语的顺序调整
（一） 找出定语
1. A number of developed countries face increasingly pressing population problems.
2. The fantastic movie receives tremendous attention in the press.
3. The existing policy which has failed to keep pace with the development of the economy affects ordinary people on low income
4. Zoos, a great tourist attraction which boosts the local tourism, are simply no longer a place of entertainment and recreation.
5. 埃利诺.拉姆齐太太是一个非常富有的老妇人，多年来，一直同她养的猫拉斯特斯一起住在一所公寓里。
Mrs Eleanor Ramsay, a very wealthy old lady, has shared a flat with her cat, Rastus, for a great many years.
6. Travelling at a height of 30,000 feet, far above the clouds, and at over 500 miles an hour is an exhilarating experience.
7. The insurmountable task of great significance requires a team of highly qualified workers with ample experience.
8. Aunt Harriet discovered that there were piles of empty wine bottles of all shapes and sizes neatly stacked in what had once been Bessie's wardrobe.
9. Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America.

10. Lined up against the wall, there were long thin wires attached to metal spheres.
11. Buried somewhere in deep grass, there is a rusting lawn-mower which I have promised to repair one day.

12. They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls.
13. Reading is only a partial solution, for the monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails soon lulls you to sleep.
14. If the landscape is hidden from view, you can enjoy the extraordinary sight of unbroken cloud plains that stretch out for miles before you.

（二） 定语位置调整

1. 穿越平原的道路崎岖不平

The rough road across the plain [NCE3-Lesson39]

2. 那一向相待大家很好的可爱的老妇人

a dear old lady who had always been so kind to everybody [NCE3-Lesson24]

3. 即使是对艺术不感兴趣的人也不会不注意到在公共场所展出的现代艺术品。

Even people who take no interest in art cannot have failed to notice examples of modern sculpture on display in public places. [NCE3-Lesson18]

4. 人们所熟悉的是悬挂在天花板上的、造型奇特、随风飘荡的雕塑品。

Oddly shaped forms that are suspended from the ceiling and move in response to a gust of wind are quite familiar to everybody. [NCE3-Lesson18]

5. Mary与丈夫Dimitri逐在希腊南部一个叫Perachora的小村庄里。Mary最珍贵的(prize)财产(possession)之一就是丈夫送给他的一只白色小羊羔

Mary and her husband Dimitri lived in the tiny village of Perachora in southern Greece. One of Mary's prize possessions was a little white lamb which her husband had given her. [NCE3-Lesson16]

6. 靠墙排列着许多细长的电线，而电线又连着金属球。 [NCE3-Lesson18]

Lined up against the wall, there were long thin wires attached to metal spheres.

7. 驱动轮子的链条断了一节

One of the links that drives the wheels had snapped .

（三） 状语位置调整

8. He says nothing about the poor selection of goods in the shops, or about those unfortunate people who have to travel from the country to the city every day to get to work.

9. Few things could be more impressive than the peace that descends on deserted city streets at week-ends when the thousands that travel to work every day are tucked a way in their homes in the country.

10. However, he had at last been allowed to send a fax in which he informed the editor that he had been arrested while counting the 1084 steps leading to the 15-foot wall which surrounded the president's palace. [NCE3-Lesson5]

三. 巧藏谓语动词：S+V, [状语从句]/[分词]/[介词/adv]

轻轻的我走了，
正如我轻轻的来；
我轻轻的招手，
作别西天的云彩。
Quietly, I departed,
As I came likewise,
Gently waving farewell,
To clouds around the setting sun.

（一） 状语从句及定语
1.原理：

( ) S ( ) + V [ ]

2. 状语成分添加练习：
例：
& 状语从句的添加
1. Bush won his election, because he held a position on moral issue which underscores the importance of the church’s efforts to protect traditional values regarding the family and life. [原因]

2. Although the Iraq war has been a disaster, and Bush’s elitist domestic agenda is unpopular with voters, Bush won his election anyway. [让步]

3. Bush won his election, so that he plunged U.S. into further threat of terrorism. [结果]

4. As has been expected by the hundreds of Republican supporters who gathered two blocks from the White House after a long night of poll watching and uncertainty, Bush won his election [situation]
& 练习1
The young challenge the tradition
² 方式[by ]
² 目的[in order to ]
² 让步[though ]
² 原因[for ]
² 条件[if ]
² 结果[so that ]

² 方式[by showing off their individual style in clothes or hair]
² 目的[in order to be unique in the crowd][gain more attention from others]
² 让步[though complained by their elders]
² 原因[for to be a problem gives them an identity]
² 条件[if their parents continually impose their own moral values on them]
² 结果[so that they will broaden the generation gap]

² To gain attention from others, young people challenge traditions intensely, by showing off their individual style in clothes or hair. Despite complaints from their parents, to be unique is invariably fascinating, for to be a problem gives them an identity. If their elders continually impose their own moral values on them, inevitably, their radical activities will broaden the generation gap. 61

& 练习2 white-collar-workers change jobs
& 练习3 profiteers sell fake consumers goods

2. 发展例证段
例：
Nowadays, the underlying trend of taking part-time job among college students become increasingly clear. 1 As the result of a recent survey among a number of key universities in Peking reveals, tight as time is, a growing number of college students take the temporary job in the neighborhood of the college in their leisure time, for they intent to win financial independence from their families. 2 One of my roommates,in spite of complaints about the busy life , has found the third part-time job, a tutor , for she intended to accumulate job-specific experience.

A recent survey of the effects of noise revealed (surprisingly) that dogs barking incessantly in the night rated the highest form of noise pollution on a scale ranging from 1 to 7. NCE3-Lesson 47

& 练习1 The young challenge the tradition

& 练习 2 white-collar-workers change jobs

& 练习 3 profiteers sell fake consumers goods

（二） 分词
1. 主语一致的分词做状语
² 原理：

& 初级练习：
1) He looked at his watch, and he saw that it was one o'clock

Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one o'clock

2) He was armed with a torch, and the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going on.

Armed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going on.

3) Before he returned home at night, he took a shower and changed back into his suit.

Before returning home at night, he took a shower and changed back into his suit.

4) After he gazed at the display for several minutes, Mr Taylor went back into his shop.

After gazing at the display for several minutes, Mr Taylor went back into his shop.

5) The Titanic turned just in time, narrowly missing the immense wall of ice which rose over 100 feet out of the water beside her.