高中英语非谓语动词及独立主格结构讲解练习.doc

中小学1对1课外辅导专家
龙文教育学科导学案
教师: 学生: 日期: 2011- 星期: 时段: 至
课 题
非谓语动词和独立主格结构
学习目标与
考点分析

学习重点

学习方法

学习内容与过程
1. 动词-ing形式

1. -ing形式：动词的-ing形式也是一种非谓语动词。-ing形式仍保留有动词的特征，可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而构成-ing短语。
Doing 表示主动或动作正在发生，
1、-ing的形式：-ing有一般式和完成式。及物动词的-ing还有主动语态和被动语态，而不及物动词的-ing则没有被动语态。现在以及物动词make 和不及物动词go为例，将其-ing各种形式列表如下：
动词 语态
形式
及物动词make
不及物动词go
主动语态
被动语态
主动语态
一般式
making
being made
going
完成式
having made
having been made
having gone
1．作定语：
The sleeping child is only five years old. Do you know the man standing at the gate?
注：-ing形式作定语用时，如果-ing只是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前，如果是-ing短语，就位于其修饰的名词之后，-ing作定语时，被-ing所修饰的名词就是该-ing的逻辑主语。
5）作宾语补足语：
We can see steam rising from the wet clothes.
注：当-ing在复合宾语中作宾语补足语用时，句中宾语就是这个-ing的逻辑主语。

6）作状语：
①时间状语：Seeing Tom, I couldn’t help thinking of his brother.
Not seeing Tom, I went to the park alone.
②原因状语：Being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday.
③方式或伴随状语：Mary stood at the school gate ，waiting for Betty.
通过句子可以观察到，句子的主语和非谓语动词之间如果是主动关系，即为主语发出的动作，此时要选择doing形式。
3、主动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。
主动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前，
一般在句中作时间或原因状语用。句中的主语是它的逻辑主语，并且是它所表示的动作的执行者，
如：Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel.
如果两个动作是同时或几乎同时发生，用单个的 doing 。但如果动作明显的先于主句动作发生，则要用having done.
4、被动语态-ing一般式的基本用法。
被动语态-ing一般式所表示的动作是一个正在进行中的被动动作，而且这个被动动作也是和句中谓语所表示的动作同时发生的。它一般在句中作定语或状语用。
如：The truck being repaired there is ours.
5、被动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。
被动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，在句中一般作状语用。如：Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.

6、-ing形式的复合结构。
在-ing前加物主代词或名词所有格即构成-ing的复合结构。其中的物主代词或名词所有格为-ing的逻辑主语。
这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语或表语
如：Your smoking and drinking too much will do harm to your health.
李磊迟到让我很生气。

你介意我打开窗户吗？

7．分词的否定式，由not+分词构成，例如：
Not having heard the news. I wrote to him again.
Not knowing how to work out the maths problem, I went to the teacher for help.

（三）过去分词：
1、过去分词的基本用法：
过去分词只有一种形式，也没有主动语态，它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完成的动作。

过去分词在句中也可用作定语、表语、宾语或状语等成分。
过去分词在句中作某种成分时，其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者
1）作定语：过去分词作定语时，如果这个分词是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前，如果是分词短语，就位于其修饰的名词之后。被过去分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑主语，
The house being built is my home.
2）作宾语补足语：过去分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语就是其逻辑主语，
如：When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves.
注：动词have后的复合宾语中，宾语补足语如为过去分词，常表示该分词所表示的动作是由别人来执行的而不是句中主语自己来执行的，
如：I had my bike repaired yesterday. 昨天我（找别人）把我的自行车给修了。
3）作状语：
过去分词作状语时，相当于一个状语从句，该结构的逻辑主语一般都是主句的主语，是过去分词所表示意义的逻辑宾语。为了使作状语的过去分词意义更加明确，常在分词前加when, if, while, though, as等连词，
过去分词短语作状语，可表示时间，原因，条件等，可发展为一个状语从句。过去分词作状语可分为：
一般式 (done) 表示分词动作与谓语动作同时发生或分词动作发生于谓语动作之前。
完成式 (having been done) 强调分词动作发生在谓语动作之前。例如：
Eg: Scolded (As she was scolded) by the teacher, the girl sat there without lifting her head.
由于被老师批评了，那个女孩低着头坐在那儿。
Eg: Asked (When he was asked) what had happened, he lowered his head.
Eg: Frightened (=Because / As she was frightened) by the tiger, the girl didn't dare to sleep alone.
Eg: Grown (If these seeds are grown) in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.
Eg: Left (Although he was left) at home, John didn't feel afraid at all.
三、动词不定式
（一）动词不定式的特征及用法
1.动词不定式的构成及特征
“to +动词原形”构成动词不定式，是一种非谓语形式，在句子中不能作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，它具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。动词不定式的否定形式not + to + 动词原形
2.动词不定式的用法
疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how, why等后面可以接动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。
例如：(1) He doesn’t know how to use the machine.
(2) How to use the machine is a question.
(3) The question is when to go there.
（二）动词不定式的时态和被动形式
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种：
1． 一般式to do
例如：I like to read English.
2． 进行式to be doing
例如：He seemed to be reading something at that time.
3． 完成式to have done
例如：He seemed to have cleaned the room.
4． 被动式to be done
例如：The work is to be done soon.
5． 完成被动式to have been done
例如：The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday.
练习哈
1.The new shopping center _____ now will be put into use by the end of this year.
A. built B. be built C. being built D. to be built
2."Have you had supper?" "Not yet. The meal_____."
A. are being cooked B. is being cooked C. is cooked D. are cooked
3.I'm afraid I can't make myself _____ in English.
A. understanding B. understand C. to be understood D. understood
4.I don't want ______ any more trouble, you see?
A. there being B. it to be C. it being D. there to be
5.When she returned home, she found the window open and something _.
A. stealing B. missed C. stolen D. to steal
6.The old man's ______ pity on the snake led to his own death.
A. take B. taking C. being taken D. have
7.The murder was brought in, with his hands _______ behind his back.
A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
8.he computer centre, __ last year is very popular among the students in this school.
A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened.
9.There was a terrible noise _______ the sudden burst of Tight.
A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed
10.____ more attention, the trees could have grown better.
A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given
11._____their students, the famous teacher came into the hall.
A. Followed B. Followed C. Being followed D. Having been followed
12.. Excuse me, but it is time to have your temperature ______.
A. taking B. to take C. take D. taken
13.Time ______, they'll come here to watch us ______ football.
A. permitted, playing B. permitted, to play C. permitting, play D. permitting, to play
14. The man was seen _____ into the courtyard.
A, stealing B. stolen C. be stealing D. had stolen
15.The old man didn't know whether to sell the car or____ .
A. being kept for later use B. kept for later use
C. to keep it for later use D. to be kept it for later use
16.The noise of the desks _____ could be heard in the next classroom.
A. being opened and closed B. opened and closed
C. having been opened and closed D. to be opened and closed
17._____, she burst into tears.
A. Deeply moved B. Deeply moving
C. As she deeply moved D. As she was deeply moving
18.___-carelessly,the boy made mistakes here and there .
A. being written B. Wrote C. Write D. Writing
19.The boy had his leg _____ while ____ football.
A. broken, playing . break, play c.roken, played D. broke, was playing
20.Having finished the work,_____.
A. it was almost six o'clock
B. a postman came and delivered the evening paper and some letters
C. supper had been already prepared
D. we had a rest and then had supper
21._____, she felt quite shy at the party.
A. As she a stranger B. Being a stranger c.ccording to a stranger D. She like a stranger
22.Most of the artists ______ to the party 'were from South Africa.
A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited
1.While _____ football on tin playground, I found 'my keys ______.
A. playing, lost B. play, losing C. played, being lost D. having played, lost
2.____ the same mistakes again made his parents very angry.
A. His having made B. He has made C. He had making D. Him making
3.Dick made it ______ to all his friends.
A. to know B. known C. know D. knowing
4.Anna is often heard ______songs in her room.
A. sung B. singing C. sing D. to sing
5. ________ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
A. To wait              B. Have waited             C. Having waited        D. To have waited
6. ________ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.
A. Attracting           B. Attracted               C. To be attracted      D. Having attracted
7. The research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it.
A. begins               B. having begun            C. beginning            D. begun
8. ________ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin.
A. Exposed               B. Having exposed        C. Being exposed        D. After being exposed
9. Price of daily goods ________ through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A. are bought           B. bought                 C. been bought          D. buying
with复合结构的构成
with+宾语+宾语补足语，构成with复合结构，宾语可以是名词或是代词，宾语补足语可以是介词短语、过去分词、现在分词、形容词、动词不定式、副词。且with后面的宾语与其后的宾语补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系。
1）With+宾语+介词短语
He was asleep with his head on his arms.
2）with+宾语+过去分词（宾语与宾补之间是被动关系）
All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.
He lay in bed with his head covered.
3）with+宾语+现在分词（宾语与宾补之间是主动关系）
With winter coming on，it's time to buy warm clothes.
4）with+宾语+todo（不定式做宾补有“将来”的含义）
I can't go out with all these dishes to wash.
5）with+宾语+形容词/副词
With John away，we've got more room.
Andersonwas lying on the bed with all his clothes on.
2.with复合结构的作用
with复合结构在句子中作状语，表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等。请阅读下面的句子。
1）We sat on the dry grass with our backs to the wall.（作伴随状语）
2）She could not leave with her painful duty unfulfilled.（作原因状语）
1）With nothing_______to burn，the fire became weak and finally died out.
A.leaving B.left
C.leave D.toleave
2）The girl sat there quite silent and still with her eyes_______on the wall.
A.fixing B.fixed
C.to be fixing D.to be fixed
3）I live in the house with its door_________to the south. C.faced D.being faced
4）They pretended to be working hard all night with their lights____.
A.burn B.burnt
C.burning D.to burn

1. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _______, he gladly accepted it.（2007 安徽）
A. finished B. finishing
C. having finished D. was finished

2. Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions ________?(2009 全国卷1)
A. taking B. take
C. taken D. to take

3. You have no idea how she finished the relay race _______ her foot wounded so much.(2008 福建)
A. for B. when
C. with D. while

4. ----Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
----Sorry. With so much work _______ my mind, I almost break down. (2007 福建)
A. filled B. filling
C. to fill D. being filled

5. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ______, he gladly accepted it.（2007安徽）
A. finished B. finishing
C. having finished D. was finished

6. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise _______.（2005 北京）
A. going on B. goes on
C. went on D. to go on

7. _______ and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctor’s help to end her life. （2005江西）
A. Having given up hope of cure B. With no hope for cure
C. There being hope for cure D. In the hope of cure

8. ________ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.(2004 北京)
A. With B. Besides
C. As for D/ Because of

1. When he was a boy, he used to go there and watch _____.
A. to repair bicycles         B. bicycles to be repaired
C. bicycles being repaired     D. repairing bicycles
2. --- Have you considered _____ your job as a teacher?
　--- Yes. I like the job because a teacher is often considered _____ a gardener.
A. to change; to be          B. to change; being C. changing; being      D. changing; to be
3. The dog, _____, will be made a good watchdog.
A. to train properly      B. being trained properly   C. properly to train      D. trained properly
4. _____ the diamond, he had to look for a place to hide it.
 A. Having stolen         B. Having been stolen   C. Stolen            D. Stealing
5. _____ the front door _____, he had to enter the room through the back door.
A. Seen; painted         B. Seeing; painted
C. Being seen; being painted D. Seeing; being painted
6. And there, almost _____ in the big chair, sat her little brother, who never had to be told to keep quiet.
A. having lost      B. losing        C. to be lost       D. lost
7. He looked around and caught a man _____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put        B. to be putting        C. to put        D. putting
8. To answer correctly is more important than _____.
A. that you finish quickly  B. finishing quickly C. to finish quickly       D. finish quickly
9. The old farmer, _____ the badly injured and burnt soldier, came out of the burning farmhouse, calling continuously for help.
 A. supporting                  B. having supported     C. being supported by          D. being supported
10. In January , 2004, the United States successfully launched “Spirit”, a Mars Exploration Rover, _____ a new milestone in the history of mankind.
A. it marked        B. marking      C. marked      D. to mark
11. It was getting dark; I found a car _____ in a pool by the side of the road.
A. to be stuck         B. stuck         C. sticking          D. stick
12. You can’t imagine what great trouble they have _____ the problem _____.
A. to solve; being talked about       B. solving; discussing
C. to solve; to talk about       D. solving; being discussed
13. The monument was built in honor of the explorer who was believed _____ the river.
A. to have discovered     B. to have been discovered 
C. to discover          D. having been discovered
14. The thief fell to the ground, his left foot _____ and blood _____ down from his mouth.
A. breaking; running           B. broken; running      C. breaking; run               D. broken; run
15. The program was so exciting that the children kept their eyes _____ on the screen.
A. to fix        B. to be fixed        C. fixed         D. fixing
16. As I will be away for at least a year, I’d appreciate _____ from you now and then so that I can know how everyone is getting along.
A. having heard               B. to hear      C. hearing                    D. being heard
17. _____, the subject was always in my mind.
A. Walking or sleeping        B. Walking or slept        C. Having walked or slept    D. To walk and sleep
18. --- Did you get a dictionary?    
    --- No, I _____, but there were not any _____.
A. tried; to be left         B. had tried to; leaving    　C. tried to; left            D. had tried; have left
19. When he came to, he found himself _____ on a chair, with his hands _____ back.
A. to sit; tying             B. sitting; tying         C. seating; tied             D. seated; tied
20. The joke told by Tom made us _____, so the teacher couldn’t make himself _____.
A. to