新东方IELTS雅思讲义A类阅读.doc

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雅思写作A类阅读理解讲义

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雅思整体介绍：
INTRODUCTION TO IELTS

IELTS is a testing system which assesses how good a person's English language is for the purpose of study or training. The test is recognised around the world by universities and colleges.

There are two forms to the test:

Academic: which tests a person's language for university study
General Training: which tests basic language skills with education or immigration in mind

There are 4 parts to each test. The Listening and Speaking tests are the same for both Academic and General
Training forms of the test. There are separate papers for the Reading and Writing tests. The organisation looks like this:

Listening
4 sections, 40 questions
approximately 30 minutes
↙ ↘
Academic Reading General Training Reading
3 sections, 40 questions 3 sections, 40 questions
1 hour 1 hour
↓ ↓
Academic Writing General Training Writing
2 tasks 2 tasks
1hour 1 hour
↖ ↗
Speaking
3 sections
11-14 minutes

This book contains practice tests to help prepare students for these tests, whichever form of the test they take. Choose the Reading and Writing tasks appropriate for the exam being taken.

雅思A类阅读评分标准：

Reading
Listening
IELTS
RSW
IELTS
RAW
1
1
1
1
2
2, 3
2
2, 3
3
4, 5, 6, 7
3
4, 5, 6
3.5
8, 9, 10
3.5
7, 8, 9
4
11, 12, 13
4
10, 11, 12
4.5
14, 15, 16
4.5
13, 14, 15, 16
5
17, 18, 19
5
17, 18, 19, 20
5.5
20, 21, 22, 23
5.5
21, 22, 23, 24
6
24, 25, 26, 27
6
25, 26, 27, 28
6.5
28, 29, 30
6.5
29, 30, 31
7
31, 32, 33
7
32, 33
7.5
34, 35
7.5
34, 35
8
36, 37
8
36, 37
8.5
38, 39
8.5
38, 39
9
40
9
40

9 Expert User: native speaker level. Can function appropriately and accurately in all skills.
8 Very Good User: has excellent command of the language but may produce some errors in unfamiliar circumstances.
7 Good User: generally handles language well but with some inaccuracies. Can produce a competent written argument. Can understand abstract reasoning in reading passages.
6 Competent User: has reasonable control of the language but with some inaccuracies. May have some difficulties with unfamiliar situations.
5 Modest User: can deal adequately with language in his own area but will find difficulty in dealing with complex language and unfamiliar situations.
4 Limited User: only able to deal with familiar situations and not complex language. Often has difficulty in understanding and expression.
3 Very Limited User: has problems in communicating. Able to express general meaning only in familiar circumstances.
2 Intermittent User: had many difficulties using the language. Can only communicate very little basic information by using a few words or phrases.
1 Non User: has no ability to communicate except for a few isolated words.
0 Did not write the test: did not produce any information to be assessed.

雅思A类阅读基本解题方法：
TIPS FOR IELTS STUDENTS
Reading
a Always read the instructions to the tasks, as they may vary from test to test.
b Make sure you complete the computer sheet after each reading. You are not given any extra time at the end of the test to fill in the sheet.
c Do not spend more than 20 minutes on any section, as you may not have enough time to complete the three passages. Always time yourself when doing the practice tests, to get used to finishing each section in no more than 20 minutes.
d As the sections of the Reading test become progressively more difficult, if you take longer than 20 minutes on the first two sections, you will have little chance of finishing the third passage.
e As the IELTS Reading paper covers a variety of written styles, make sure you prepare yourself for this by reading newspapers, journals, magazines and fiction and non-fiction books.
f Be prepared to be tested on any subject someone attending a university would be expected to be aware of. However, you are not expected to be an expert on all these topics.
g In IELTS Reading the questions are sometimes written before the passage. Always check that you have read and answered all 40 questions.

雅思篇章阅读：

第一册 TEST 1
Section 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on questions 1 - 15, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.

National Parks and Climate Change
A
National parks, nature reserves, protected areas and sites of special scientific interest (SSSIs) are an important part of the natural landscape in most countries. Their habitat and terrains vary massively, from tundra and glacier parks in the north to wetlands in Europe, steppes in central and eastern Europe, and prairie grasslands and deserts in other areas. Virtually all kinds of landscape are protected somewhere. And these protected areas are important for the variety of plant and animal life they harbour: caribou, bears, wolves, rare types of fish and birds.
B
But these areas are under threat from a recent peril - global climate change. No amount of legislation in any one country can protect against a worldwide problem. What exactly are the problems caused by climate change? David Woodward, head of the British Council for Nature Conservation, spoke to Science Now about some of these areas, and his first point highlighted the enormous variation in nature reserves.
C
"Each park or reserve is an ecosystem," he says, "and the larger reserves, such as those in Canada, may have several types of ecological subsystems within it. There are reserves which are half the size of Western Europe, so it doesn't make sense to talk about them as if they were all the same, or as if the microclimates within them were uniform." Woodward outlines some of the dangers posed by climatic change to parks in the northern Americas, for example.
D
"If climatic change is severe, and in particular if the change is happening as quickly as it is at the moment, then the boundaries of the park no longer make much sense. A park that was designated as a protected area 90 years ago may suffer such change in its climate that the nature of it changes too. It will no longer contain the animal and plant life that it did. So the area which once protected, say, a species of reindeer or a type of scenery, will have changed. In effect, you lose the thing you were trying to protect." This effect has already been seen in Canada, where parks which once contained glaciers have seen the glaciers melted by global warming.
E
Jennie Lindstrom, Chief Executive Officer of H2O, the charity which campaigns on an international level on behalf of mainland Europe's protected wetland and wilderness areas, is even more pessimistic. In a letter to Science Now, she has asserted that up to 70% of such areas are already experiencing such "significant change ... in climate" that the distribution patterns. of flora and fauna are changing, and that all areas will eventually be affected. She estimates that the most profound change is occurring in the northernmost parks in areas such as Finland, Greenland, Iceland and northern Russia, but adds that "there is no place which will not suffer the effects of global warming. What we are seeing is a massive change in the environment - and that means the extinction of whole species, as well as visual and structural changes which means that areas like the Camargue may literally look totally different in 50 or 60 years' time."
F
The problems are manifold. First, it is difficult or impossible to predict which areas are most in need of help - that is, which areas are in most danger. Predicting climate change is even more unreliable than predicting the weather. Secondly, there is a sense that governments in most areas are apathetic towards a problem which may not manifest itself until long after that government's term of office has come to an end. In poor areas, of course, nature conservation is low on the list of priorities compared to, say, employment or health. Third, and perhaps most important, even in areas where there is both the political will and the financial muscle to do something about the problem, it is hard to know just what to do. Maria Colehill of Forestlife, an American conservation body, thinks that in the case of climate change, the most we can realistically do is monitor the situation and allow for the changes that we cannot prevent, while lobbying governments internationally to make the changes to the pollution laws, for example, that will enable us to deal with the causes of the problem. "I am despondent," she admits. "I have no doubt that a lot of the work we are doing on behalf of the North American lynx, for example, will be wasted. The animal itself can live in virtually any environment where there are few humans, but of course its numbers are small. If climate change affects the other animal life in the areas where it now lives, if the food chain changes, then the lynx will be affected too. Less food for the lynx means fewer lynxes, or lynxes with nowhere to go."
G
Certainly, climate change is not going to go away overnight. It is estimated that fossil fuels burnt in the 1950s will still be affecting our climate in another 30 years, so the changes will continue for some time after that. If we want to protect the remnants of our wild landscapes for future generations, the impetus for change must come from the governments of the world.

Questions 1 - 7
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 1 - 7 on your answer sheet, write Yes if the statement agrees with the information, No if the statement contradicts the information, Not Given if there is no information on this in the passage.

1 Every country has protected areas or national parks.
2 Countries can protect their parks by changing their laws.
3 A protected area or park can contain many different ecosystems.
4 David Woodward thinks that Canadian parks will all be different in 90 years.
5 Canada, more than any other country, has felt the effects of global warming.
6 H2O works to protect wetlands all over the world.
7 Some parts of the world will feel the results of global warming more than others.

Questions 8 - 13
Complete the summary below. Choose your answers from the box below the summary and write them in boxes 8 - 13 on the answer sheet. There are more words than spaces, so you will not use all the given words.
There are ________ (8) encountered in attempting to stop the effects of ________ (9). One is the difficulty of predicting change. Another is a lack of ________ (10) to change the situation; most governments' interest in the matter is limited because it will not become very serious ________ (11). Finally, there is the quandary of what action we should actually take. One solution is both to keep an eye on the situation as it develops, and to push for changes ________ (12). Even if we do this, the problem is not going to ________ (13), since it takes a considerable time for global warming to happen.
willingness of the authorities lots of ways global warming
internationally for many years locally
disappear straight away many problems after all

Questions 14 and 15
Reading Passage 1 has seven paragraphs A - G. Which paragraphs state the following information? Write the appropriate letters A - G in boxes 14 and 15 on your answer sheet.

14 All areas of the world are likely to be affected by global climate changes.
________________________________________________________________________
15 Remedies for global warming will not reverse these trends immediately.
________________________________________________________________________

List of Headings题型讲解：

第二册 TEST 2
Section 2 Questions 14 - 26
You should spend about 20 minutes on questions 14 - 26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.

Question 14
Choose the most suitable title for Reading passage 2 from the list below. Write your answer in box 14 on your answer sheet.

A Old Remedies Still Work Today. C Miracle Cure From Nature.
B The Forest Pharmacy. D A Modern Cure For An Ancient Killer

A
The search for cures to treat common diseases is not new, nor is it unusual to find the cures for such diseases in tree bark. Aspirin for headaches and quinine for the treatment of malaria are both examples of modern medicines which have been derived from tree bark. But the latest additions to this list may be the most significant yet, according to the findings of research into the medicinal benefits of the bark of the African Bush Willow. At an international conference, Dr Scott Remick of the USA claimed that combretastin, a product of this bark, has proved up to 85% effective in combating cancer, and may, in combination with chemotherapy, finally provide a way to destroy many types of tumour.

B
The African Bush Willow, which grows in South Africa, has been recognised as a medicinal plant by local tribespeople for many years. In the past, its roots were used as purgatives and its gum was used to treat sores and ulcers. Common along river banks in southern Africa, this plant (scientific name, Combretum caffrum) has proved both hardy and prolific, It is one of the world's fastest-growing trees and can grow one metre in height annually to a maximum of fourteen metres. To sustain this level of growth normally requires warmth, rich soil and abundant water. but even when these are in short supply, the African Bush Willow can survive. It is resistant to severe drought and even sustained periods of frost, and temperatures well below zero do not damage the tree.

C
Combretastin, the active ingredient in the bark, was originally isolated form the stems and branches in the 1970a by South African researcher, Dr Gordon Cragg. A massive seventy-seven kilogrammes of material was needed from the tree to produce just a few milligrams of the active ingredient. However, scientists have now been able to produce the drug synthetically. This type of manufacturing has meant that the drug can now be mass-produced and used much more widely in the treatment of cancer. Most cancers are caused by tumours, which create their own network of capillaries to supply the blood they need in order to grow. The effect of combretastin is to reduce the tumour's ability to create these capillaries and thereby starve the tumour to death.

D
Combretastin appears to work very quickly, often reducing the blood flow to a