（新东方内部资料）雅思写作A类图表作文.doc

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雅思写作A类图表作文讲义

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Academic Writing Task 1

雅思写作的考试形式
★IELTS Writing
• Saturday / Thursday Morning
• 3rd paper Test

★Question Booklet
u Task 1
• Report (Academic) / Letter (General)
• 150w, 20m
u Task 2
• Essay
• 250w, 40m

★Writing Booklet
u mini-sized (《雅思写作胜经》167页B – 167附有缩印的答题纸样)
• Task 1 : side 1 & 2
• Task 2 : side 3 & 4
u original-sized（可从下面的公共邮箱下载）本讲义附录附有
• ningboyu_nos@
• PW: ieltswriting
u 写作工具：Pencil and Eraser（附送）

★Scoring
u Examiner
• Task 1 and 2 : 0 - 9
u Writing Band
• 1 / 3* T1 + 2 / 3*T2
• 6 → 6.5
u Overall Band

★Requirement
u Academic – Overall Band Score
• Language School 5.5
• Undergraduate 6
• Graduate 6.5
l Famous Universities + 0.5
l Popular Majors + 0.5
u General Training
l Each section > = 5 / 6

★各国雅思考试的水平情况

★Registration
u Objective : An acceptable score within the shortest time
u No deadline, no completion !
u Self-Analysis (Benchmark)
u NCEE 100 4.5
u NCEE 130 or CET-4 425 5.0
u CET-4 600 or CET-6 425 5.5
u CET-6 600 or NETEM 70 6.0
• Good speaking : + 0.5
u >4hrs / day, 1 point / per 2 months
★Considerate IELTS
u Test as often as you want
u Reschedule (500 RMB)
u Refund (-750 RMB)

★Teaching Material
u <Cambridge IELTS 4>
u <Cambridge IELTS 5>
u 《雅思写作胜经》、群言出版社

★Task 1 - Question Grouping
u Figure (75% 2008Q1)
• Multiple / Single

u Non-Figure (25% 2008Q1)
• Flow chart / Map
雅思图表作文可分6类，四类与数字有关。与数字有关的三图一表：线，柱，饼，表。
<Cambridge IELTS 4> P100 Text4 Writing Task 1

线状图

柱状图

<Cambridge IELTS 4> P54 Text2 Writing Task 1

线状图

饼状图

<Cambridge IELTS 4> P31 Text1 Writing Task 1

列表

与数字无关的图
《雅思写作胜经》Bible的P100

流程图

<Cambridge IELTS 5> P75 Text3 Writing Task 1

地图
流程图与数字无关，地图与数字亦无关。

★Writing Procedure
u Read + Plan (3 mins)
u Write (16 mins)
u Check (1 mins)

★ Read
u Words:
• paragraph 2
u Pictures:
• Words (title, legend, axis)
• Number (unit, digit)
u Make notes on the question booklet !

★Numbers
u 10 million / millions
• thousands of
• millions of
• billions of

雅思写作的构思
★ Scoring Criterion
Examiners use only
Examiner 2
Examiner 1
u TA : Content
u CC : Structure
u LR : Words
u GRA : Sentences

★Marking Criterion
u UNDERLENGTH
u NO OF WORDS
u PENALTY
u OFF - TOPIC
u MEMORISED
u ILLEGIBLE

★Plan - Content
u Summarize Features, not list data
• a1, a2, a3, … , an
• Trend
• Max / Min
• Slope

• A, B, C, …
• Max / Min
u Comparisons within the chart or between the charts
u Select Main Features (recreates the picture in the examiner’s mind)
u Supporting Data
u Report facts, not opinions

★Plan - Structure
u Paragraph or not?
• reader – friendly
u How to Paragraph?
• A new idea, a new paragraph
• Introduction / Conclusion (if needed)

Thinking Style

u Paragraphs
• Multiple Charts
l Introduction
l Chart 1
l Chart 2
l …
l Comparison

• Single Chart
l Introduction
l Feature 1
l Feature 2
l …
l Conclusion (if needed)

u Linking Devices (LD)
• Between paragraphs
• Between features
• Within sentences

★ Language Requirement
u Word
• Correct spelling
l enviroment / environment
• Word Level
l get / achieve a band 8
• Word Variety (Avoid repetition)
l a good / well-paid / satisfactory / decent job
u Sentence
• Grammatical Accuracy
l There is a boy asks you out.
• Sentence Length
l Band 9 : 20+
l Band 7 : 15
• Structure Variety
l A new challenger comes here.
l Here comes a new challenger.

★Word & Time
u Multiple / Single Charts
u Intro. / Intro. (30w, 1s)
u Chart 1 / Feature 1 (50w, 4s)
u Chart 2 / Feature 2 (50w, 4s)
u …
u Comparison / Conclusion (30w, 1s)

写作流程：
例：<Cambridge IELTS 4> P100 Text4 Writing Task 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The chats below gave information about travel to and from The UK, and about the mostpopular counrtries for UK residents to visit.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.

★Introduction
u Paragraph 2
• Copied phrases will not be counted
• Paraphrase the rubric
★Word (B - 78)
u chart = graph = diagram
• line, curve
• bar, column
• pie
u table = figures = statistics
u Save ‘below’
u give information about
• reveal
• indicate
• demonstrate
u Simple Present Tense
u the UK
• Britain
u most popular
• favorite / fashionable / stylish
u country
• nation
u UK residents to visit
• UK travelers / visitors / tourists
u Specific
• in 1999

★Structure Variety
u Passive Voice
• The chart shows A. (do)
• A is shown by the chart. (be done)
u The line chart reveals visits to and from the UK.
u Visits to and from the UK are revealed in the line chart.

★Compound Sentence
u The line chart reveals … , and the bar graph indicates …
u The line chart reveals …, and … are indicated in the bar graph.

Introduction
u The line chart reveals visits to and from Britain and UK travelers’top 5 favorite nations in 1999 are indicated in the bar graph.

★Linking Devices
u Between paragraphs (B - 78)
• According to the chart,
l line chart
l upper / lower chart
l chart 1
l chart of visits to and from the UK
u Between Features (B - 51)
• also / besides / on the other hand
• but / however / conversely
• while / in particular

★Basic Structure 1
The visits increased greatly from about 12 to 57 million from 1979 to 1999.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
◆ (1) Subjects
• Legend
l visits abroad by UK residents
• Paragraph 2
l travel from the UK
• Synonyms
l UK visitors / travelers / tourists
• it / they
l The visits increased from 1979 to 1999. In particular, they increased most quickly from 1985 to 1988.
◆ (2) Verbs
• increase : decrease / rise : fall
• go up : come down
• climb : slide
• ascend : decline
• rocket : collapse
• Tense
• increased
• increase
• is expected / predicted to increase

◆ (3) Adverbs
• sharply / rapidly / swiftly
• slowly / gradually / tardily
• greatly / vastly / considerably
• slightly / marginally / minutely

◆ (4) Numbers
• about / around / roughly / more or less
• from about 12 to 53 million

◆ (5) Time
• from 1979 to 1999
• between 1979 and 1999
l during the 20 years / two decades
l starting from 1979

★Chart 1 (Band 6.5)
u According to the line chart, visits abroad by UK residents increased from about 12 to 57 million from 1979 to 1999. While, overseas travelers to Britain went up from about 10 to 27 million. It is obvious that UK tourists were more and climbed faster than overseas ones during the period.

★Basic Structure 2
There was a sharp increase in the visits from about 12 to 53 million from 1979 to 1999.
(3) (2) (1) (4) (5)
★Basic Structure 3
A sharp increase was seen in the visits from about 12 to 53 million from 1979 to 1999.
(3) (2) (6) (1) (4) (5)
A sharp increase (2)&(1), (6)
• a sharp / slow / great / slight increase
• an upward / rising / increasing tendency
• a downward / falling / decreasing trend
• show / prove / witness

★(2) Verb
u keep / remain
• unchanged / constant / stable
u fluctuate
• upward / downward
u double / triple / quadruple

★Chart 1
• According to the line chart, both UK tourists abroad and overseas ones to the UK went up from 1979 to 1999 and the former climbed more markedly than the latter. In 1979, UK visitors were only around 2 million more than their overseas counterparts, being approximately 12 and 10 million respectively. However, two decades later, they almost doubled the foreign travelers to Britain (roughly 53 and 27 million separately).

★Chart 2 (Band 6.5)
• The bar graph demonstrates that the most UK visitors went to France and Spain, which were 11.0 and 9.5 million. Also, many British travelers were attracted by the USA(4.0 million), Greece(3.5 million) and Turkey(2.0 million).

• The bar graph demonstrates that France and Spain were the favorite countries for UK tourists in 1999, which attracted around 11.0 and 9.5 million UK visitors respectively. Remotely following were the USA, Greece and Turkey with 4.0, 3.5 and 2.0 million travelers separately.

★Comparison (band 6.5)
What is also worth mentioning is that almost 40% UK tourists selected France and Spain in 1999, if the two diagrams are considered as a whole.

• What is also worth mentioning is that France and Spain alone accounted for almost 40 percent of UK tourists abroad in 1999, if the two diagrams are considered as a whole.

检查
★Check
u Sample Answer (I4 - 168)
• Script
• Comment – Script Corresponding
u Model Answer (I4 - 169)

TEST 4．WRITING TASK
SAMPLE ANSWER
This is an answer written by a candidate who achieved a Band 5 score. Here is the examiner's coment:
The response is under-length (138words).The candidate reports the key information in the first graph i.e. that visits to and from the UK increased and that the increase in visits from Ukwas more marked than that of visits to the country.In the bar chart the information is also reported accurately. However,the references to ＆dollar are confusing,suggesting that the candidatehas not fully understood the information given, and there is little attemt to relate the two diagrams or to make comparisons across the information given.
There is a brief introduction to the topic,with an attempt to paraphase the rubic: the overall structure of the writing is clear,with some use of basic discourse makers.Thereis very little use of reference,however,resulting in a considerable amount of repetition of key vocabulary.
There is a fairly narrow range of sentence types and errors occur in verb formation and in the use of tense.

Professional English
• 经济学人
• www.guardian.co.uk 卫报
• 财经时报
• 美国国家广播公司
• 华尔街
• thestreet TV

例题解析：（线图和饼状图）
<Cambridge IELTS 4> P54 Text2 Writing Task 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The graph below shows the demand for electricity in England during typical days in
winter and summer.The pie chart shows how electricity is used in an average English
home.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make
comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.

demand 需求 used / need / requirement / consumption
typical 典型 average / representative
use 使用，消耗 consume
home 家庭 household / family
passive voice & compound sentence

写作：
★Introduction
u The curve chart reveals electricity used in England during average days in winter and summer and how electricity is consumed in a typical English household is indicated in the pie graph.
★Read Chart 1
• Unit
• hrs / yrs
• o’clock : am, a.m. AM, A.M
• Number
• 38,000 units
★Read Chart 2
• Everyday words
• kettle 电热水壶
• microwave oven 微波炉
• range hood 抽油烟机

★Plan
• Winter > summer
• Numbers : Max & Min / Average

• Winter, Summer :
• Numbers : Max & Min
Words
• peak / summit / highest point 峰值
• nadir / touch the bottom / lowest point 谷值
• unchanged / constant / stable / stationary phase 保持不变

★Chart 1 (Band 6.5)
According to the curve chart, daily electricity need is higher in winter (38,000 units on average) than in summer (18,000 units on average). In winter, electricity consumption peaks at 2:00 am and 10:00 pm while it touches the bottom at 0:00 am and 8:00 am. On the other hand, in summer, it summits at 2:00 pm and 11:00 pm, but has a nadir at 9:00 am and a lower stationary phase from 4:00 pm to 9:00 pm.
★Chart 1
• According to the curve chart, daily electricity need is higher in winter (38,000 units on average) than in summer (18,000 units on average), although both of them are uneven during the day. In winter, electricity consumption peaks at 2:00 am and 10:00 pm while it touches the bottom at 0:00 am and 8:00 am. In contrast, the summer summits come later than winter ones at 2:00 pm and 11:00 pm. A nadir is seen nearly 9:00 am and a lower stationary phase is witnessed from 4:00pm to 9:00pm.

★Chart 2
occupy 占有
• be shared by
• account for
• be responsible for
• be in charge of
• be in the charge of
Percentage
• a small percentage of … (20%)
• a quarter of …(25%)
• the minority of … (40%)
• half of …(50%)
• the majority of … (60%)
• three quarters of …(75%)
• most of … (80%)
• one-fifth / one-third

Structures
u 1 occupies / accounts for the majority of A (x%).

u y% of A is shared by / is in the charge of 2.

u 3 and 4 are responsible for / in charge of the rest, with z% and w% respectively.

★Chart 2 (Band 6.5)
u The pie graph demonstrates that heating rooms and water occupies the majority of electricity consumption(52.5%). Then, 17.5% of the electricity demand is shared by ovens, kettles and washing machines. Lighting, TV, radio and vacuum cleaners, food mixers, electric tools are responsible for the rest, with 15% each.
★Chart 2
u The pie graph demonstrates that the majority of electricity consumption (52.5%) is shared by heating rooms and water. Then, ovens, kettles and washing machines occupy 17.5% of the electricity demand. The rest is in the charge of lighting, TV, radio and vacuum cleaners, food mixers, electric tools, with 15% each.
★Comparison (Band 6.5)
• What is also worth mentioning is that heating rooms and water is the reason for the higher electricity demand in winter than in summer, if the two diagrams are considered as a whole.
★Comparison
What is also worth mentioning is that electricity for heating rooms and water is probably the major cause for the higher electricity demand in winter than in summer, if the two diagrams are considered as a whole.
检查
SAMPLE ANSWER（I-64页）

• TA
• Comparison within / between the charts
• Confusing time expressions
• CC
• Poor paragraphing
• LR & GRA
• Spelling errors (5)

例题解析3 图表题型
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The table below shows the proportion of different categories of families
living in poverty in Australia in 1999.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,
and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.

I4 – 31 some words
• proportion
• percentage / share / figures
• category
• type / kind / group
• family
• household
Plan
• aged vs not aged
• single vs double
• with vs without children

I4 – 162

• give a breakdown of
• How to include numbers?
• A (11%)
• A, which is …
• A, with / at …
• A, comprising / consisting of …

例题解析-流程图 2003年9月20日
You should spend about 20 m