新目标英语八年级上册第1单元—第12单元知识讲解及练习含答案.doc

新目标英语八年级上第1单元知识讲解及练习含答案
【重要词汇概览】
◆ever　　 adv.曾经　　◆once　　adv. 一次　　 ◆twice　 adv. 两次
◆internet　　n.互联网 　◆program　n.节目单，(电脑)程序 ◆hilltop n. 山顶
◆result　n.结果，成果 ◆key　 n.提醒,提示，线索，答案 ◆translate v.翻译
◆song　　n.歌曲 ◆junk　 n.垃圾，破烂物，废弃的旧物 ◆milk　　n. 牛奶
◆interviewer　 n.采访者 ◆habit　n.习惯,习性 ◆difference　n. 不同,差异,区别
◆grade　n. 分数,成绩,年级 ◆although　　conj. 虽然，即使，纵然
◆unhealthy　 adj.不健康的，不益健康的 ◆skateboarding　 n.溜滑板运动
【重要词组概览】
◆how often 多久一次 　 ◆as for 至于，关于　　 ◆junk food 垃圾食品　　◆eating habit 饮食习惯 　◆of course 当然 　 ◆look after 照顾，照看　　◆start with 以…开始 　　◆make a difference　使得结果不同，有重要性
◆go shopping　去购物 　 　◆have a party 聚会　 ◆go to the movie 去看电影
◆once a week　每周一次 　　◆ hardly ever　很少 　　◆ twice a week　 每周两次　　◆three times a week　每周三次　　◆watch TV 看电视　 ◆ on weekend　在周末
◆do homework　 　 做作业 　　◆ a lot of　 许多　　◆try to do试图(努力)做某事
◆ help sb (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事 　　◆ the same as　和……相同
◆ keep in good health　 保持身体健康

【语法知识聚焦】
一般现在时　The Simple Present Tense
（1）一般现在时表示现在的状态
①He is twelve. 　　　他十二岁。 ②They are at home.　 他们在家。
（2）表示经常性或习惯性的动作
①I go to school at seven every day.　　　　　　　②He plays soccer on Sundays.
（3）表示主语具备的性格和能力等
①She likes apples.　　　　②They speak Japanese.　　　③She is medium build.
肯定式　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　否定式
I am a cleaner. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　I am not a…
You are right. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　You are not…
He / She / It is here.　　　　　　　　　　　　 He / She / It is not…
We / You / They are outgoing　 We / You / They are not…
否定式和疑问式
We go to school at seven every day. He goes to school at seven every day.
We don’t go to school at seven. He doesn’t go to school at seven.
Do you go to school at seven? Does he go to school at seven?
Yes, we do.（No, we don’t.） Yes, he does.(No, he doesn’t.)
一般现在时常和表示时间频度的副词连用。
如：often, usually, sometimes, always, never, hardly ever等。
1. I often read books in the evening
2. Do they usually go to school by bike?
3. He doesn’t like milk. He never drinks it.
4. Sometimes my mother gets back at five.
一般现在时常和以下时间表达法连用。
如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at noon, at night,every day,on Sunday(s), at seven 等。
Do they have math in the morning?
She sleeps nine hours every night.
It takes me two hours to do my homework every day.
They don’t have classes on Sundays.
动词第三人称单数的构成：
1、直接加—s：look—looks 　　　　read—reads　　play—plays　　 　　stop—stops
2. 在字母s, x,ch,sh,o后加—es：
　miss—misses　　 　fix—fixes　　watch—watches　 　wash—washes
　go—goes 　　　　　do—does
3. 辅音字母加y结尾的动词去y为i，再加--es
　carry – carries 　study – studies　　hurry – hurries　 cry – cries
4.特殊的：　have -- has
【语法练习】 选择填空
　(　 ) 1.A: How often ______ she exercise?
　 B: Twice a week.
　　A. do 　　　　 B. does　　　　　 C. doing　　　　D. did
　(　 ) 2. I ______ like to drink milk.　　A.not 　　 B. doesn’t　　C. don’t 　D. no
　(　 ) 3. Good food and exercise ______ me to study bettter.
　　A. help 　　　 B. helps　 　　　 C. helping 　　 D. to help
　(　 ) 4. Is her lifestyle the same ______ yours or different?
　A. as 　　　　 B. in　　　　　 　 C. at　　　　　 D. to
　(　 ) 5. I like ____ for breakfast.　A. a book 　B. a ruler　　C. an egg　　D. a sofa
　(　 ) 6. The ____are $21.　　A. glasses　 B. shoe　　　　C. table 　　 D. bike
　(　 ) 7. Tennis ____ my favourite sport.　A. are　 B. is　　　 C. am　　D. be
　(　 ) 8. I have a tennis and my friend Jim ____ two tennis rackets.
　　A. have 　　　 B. play　　 　　　 C. plays　　 　 D. has
　(　 ) 9. “Let’s play computer games.”“That ____ interesting.”
　　A. looks　　　 B. sounds　　 　　 C. listens 　　 D. reads
　(　 )10. My father likes football. But he ____ it.
　He only ____ football matches on TV!
A. plays, watches　　B. play, watch 　　C. doesn’t play, watches　 D. plays, doesn’t watch
【参考答案与解题思路】
　　【参考答案】　1. B　 2. C　 3. A　 4. A　 5. C　 6. A　 7. B　 8. D　 9. B　 10. C
　　【解题思路】
　　1. 本题考查助动词do和does 的用法。在疑问句或否定句中，当主语为第三人称单数时，主动词用does, 因此，答案为B.
　　2.本题考查助动词do和does 的用法。因为 I 不是第三人称单数形式，因此，答案为C.
　　3.此题为判断和理解型试题,　 Good food and exercise 是两项事物，因此主语不是第三人称单数形式，因此，答案为 A.
4.本题考查固定短语 the same as 的用法，答案为A.
5.本题考查辨认食品类单词, 只有egg是食品, 故答案为C.
6.本题考查动词be的用法, 但考察方法与前面第３小题不同．根据题中的are来判定应该用名词复数．故答案为A.
7.本题考查动词be的用法, 虽然tennis是以-s结尾，但是，它是单数名词，因此，答案为B.
8. 本题考查动词have, has的用法，由于Jim 是第三人称单数，所以，答案为D.
9.本题考查交际用语 “That sounds interesting.”的使用，因此，答案为B.
10.本题考查一般现在时的用法，首先根据题中My father likes football.和But的提示, 判定第一个空应选择doesn’t play,又根据on TV而得到答案watches, 故答案为C.

【综合能力检测】
一．根椐题意和所给的字母提示，填入正确的单词。
1. Hamburger is a kind of j__ __ __ food. I hardly ever eat hamburgers.
2. I surf the in__ __ __ __ __ __ every day.
3. Look! The old people are on the hill__ __ __. They climb the hills once a week.
4. Tom studies English best in our class. He has a big v__ c__b__l__r__.
5. My grandparents exercise twice a week to st__ __ healthy.
6. Some students watch TV three or four t__ __ __ __ a week.
7. Does it m__ __ __ a big difference if you eat fruit every day?
8. It's very important to have a good eating h__ __ __ __.
9. I never go shopping. I can't st__ __ __ shopping.
10. She often g__ __ __ to the movies on weekends.
二.连词成句
1. what, usually, you do, on, do weekends?________________________________________?
2. how often, your brother, does, take, a, shower?__________________________________?
3. I, nine , hours, sleep, every , night.　　_____________________________________.
4. Betty, milk, drinks, every, morning.　　____________________________________.
5. some, students, once, watch, TV, or, twice, a, week.__________________________________.三.方框选词
hardly, cleaning, take, gave, try, to play, visiting, exercises, went , goes
1. I _______ a shower every night.
2. My father ________ ever watches TV in the evening.
3. Thanks for ________ me.
4. Mary often _________ to the movies on weekends.
5. Grandma is pretty healthy because she ___________ every day.
6. You must ________ to eat less meat.
7. I like __________ basketball.
8. What did you do in summer holidays?
　 I ________ to Hongkong with my parents.
9. My mother _______ me a new bike on my birthday .
10.What are you doing? We are __________ our room.
四. 根椐括号中所给提示词语，回答问题。
1. What do you usually do on weekends?　( climb the hill)___________________________________.
2. How often do you go to the movies?　 ( once a year)_____________________________________
3. How often does your brother play soccer? ( three or four times a week)
　　____________________________________________________
4. What does your mother do at home? ( watch TV)_______________________________________
5. Are you healthy? (yes)　　____________________________________________　
五.写作
　　根据表格内容写一篇50字的短文。
Name
exercise
vegetables
fruit
milk
junk food
sleep
Peter
every day
7 times a week
every day
every day
once a week
nine
hours
John
hardly
sometimes
never
never
3 and 4 times a week
nine
hours
　Peter is pretty healthy. He exercises every day.______________________________________　　___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
　John is unhealthy . He hardly ever exercises._________________________________________
　　______________________________________________________________________
　　______________________________________________________________________
【答案与解析】
　　一．根椐题意和所给的字母提示，填入正确的单词。　
　　1. junk　 2. internet　　3. hilltop　　4. vocabulary 　 5. stay
　　6. times　7. make 　 　　8. habit　　　9. stand　　　　　10. goes　
　 二.连词成句
　　1. What do you usually do on weekends?
　　2. How often does your brother take a shower? 　3. I sleep nine hours every night.
　　4. Betty drinks milk every morning.
　　5. Some students watch TV once or twice a week.
　　三.方框选词　
　　1. take　 2. hardly　 3. visiting　 4. goes　 5. exercises
　　6. try　　7. to play　8. went　 　　9. gave　 10. cleaning
　　解析：
　　1. 本题考查动词短语take a shower 的用法, 由于时间状语为every night,应该用一般现在时。又语为I , 因此答案为take.
　　2. 本题考查短语hardly ever 的用法, 因此答案为 hardly.
　　3．for 为介词， 介词的后面应该用动名词， 因此答案为visiting.
　　4. 本题考查短语go to the movies 的用法。时间状语为often，应该用一般现在时。主语为第三人称单数，故答案为goes.
　　5. 根椐所给词语和题意理解为：grandma 身体健康的原因是每天锻炼身体，因此，本题答案为: exercises.
　　6. must是情态动词，其后应该接动词原形，根椐题意，本题答案为try.
　　7. 动词like 可以构成：like doing sth. 和like to do sth. 意思为：喜欢做某事。本题根椐题意和所给词汇，答案应为to play.
　　8. 根椐题意判断，本题为一般过去时态。故答案为went.
　　9. 根椐题意判断，本题为一般过去时态。又根椐所给的词汇，本题答案为：gave.
　　10. 因为本题为现在进行时态，又题中横线的前面已经有are, 根椐题意，本题答案为cleaning.
　　四. 根椐括号中所给提示词语，回答问题。　　
　　1. I usually climb the hill on weekends.
　　2. I go to the movies once a year.
　　3. My brother plays soccer three or four times a week.
　　4. She watches TV at home.
　　5. Yes, I am.
　　解析：
　　3. 主语是My brother，第三人称单数，　因此动词应该用plays.
　　4. 主语是She, 第三人称单数，因此动词应该用watches.
　　5. 根椐所给词意确定，本题答案应该为一般疑问句的肯定回答，所以答案为, Yes, I am.
　　五.写作　
　　根据所给条件，写出短文，书写时应该用一般现在时。同时还要注意动词的形式，因为主语都是第三人称单数，所以动词也应该用第三人称单数形式。
　　请看正确答案：

后附本单元听力材料Unit 1听力材料
Section A 2a and 2b
　　A: So, Cheng, how often do you watch TV?
　　B: Hmmm…about twice a week, I guess.
　　A: Uh-huh. And how often do you read?
　　B: Oh, I read every day at school!
　　A: How often do you go to the movies?
　　B: Huh… let’s see… maybe once a month?
　　A: How often do you exercise?
　　B: Oh, I exercise about three times a week.
　　A: How often do you shop?
　　B: Shop? I shop about …about twice a month.
Section B 2a and 2b
　　A: Thanks for coming for the interview.
　　B: That’s OK. This is Bill. You can interview him, too.
　　A: OK. then so, how often do you exercise?
　　B: Every day.
　　C: Hardly ever.
　　A: Uh. How often do you eat vegetables and fruit?
　　B: I eat vegetables ten or eleven times a week and I eat fruit every day.
　　C: I sometimes eat vegetables—maybe twice a week. But I never eat fruit.
　　　 I don’t like it.
　　A: All right. So how many hors do you sleep every night?
　　B: Nine. I need lots of sleep.
　　C: Same. Nine. I need lots of sleep, too.
　　A: How often do you drink milk?
　　B: Never. I can’t stand milk. It’s awful!
　　C: Oh, I love milk—I drink it every day.
　　A: What about junk food? How often do you eat it?
　　C: I love junk food ---I eat it three or four times a week.
　　B: Yeah, I love it too. I guess I eat it two or three times a week.
　　A: Well, thank you very much.
　　B: You’re welcome.

新目标英语八年级上第2单元知识讲解及练习含答案
【重要词汇概览】
◆ matter n.事情，问题,差错　　◆ arm　n.臂，胳膊 ◆ back　n.后背，背脊　　
◆ ear　n.　耳朵 ◆ eye　n.眼睛 ◆ foot　 n.脚，足（pl. feet）　　　 　　　　　　　
◆ leg　n.腿，腿部 ◆ neck n.脖子，颈部 ◆ nose n.　　鼻子
◆ stomach　n.　　胃，胃部 ◆ tooth　n.牙齿(pl. teeth) ◆ sore adj.　疼痛的
◆ stomachache　n.胃痛，腹痛，肚子痛 ◆ throat n.喉头，喉咙
◆ toothache　n.牙痛 ◆ fever　n. 发烧 ◆ lie　v.躺，卧，平放在某处　(lay, lain)　　
◆ honey　　n.蜂蜜 ◆ dentist n.牙医 ◆ illness　n.疾病，生病
◆ advice n.劝告，忠告，建议 ◆ thirsty　adj.　渴的，口渴的
◆ heal v.医治，治愈 ◆ balance 　n. 平衡，平衡状态，协调
◆ might　 aux.v. 可能,可以,允许(may 的过去式) ◆ beef　 n.牛肉
◆ lamb n.小羊，羊羔，羊羔肉 ◆ energy　 n.精力，活力，能力
◆ life　 n.生命，人生 ◆ bean　　 n. 豆，豆科植物
◆ stray　　v. 远离，走失，离题 ◆ balanced　adj.平衡的,协调的
◆ diet　　 n.饮食,节食 ◆ backache　n.背痛
◆ improve　v.改善，改良，提高 ◆ speaking　n.口语
◆ headache　n. 头痛 ◆ homestay　n.待在家里
◆ important　adj.重要的，重大的，严重的
【重要词组概览】
◆ have a cold　患感冒 ◆ stressed out 紧张的，有压力的 ◆ bean sprout　豆芽 ◆ get tired　感觉疲惫 ◆ stay healthy　保持健康 ◆ at the moment　此刻，现在
◆ on the other hand　另一方面 ◆ get a cold　 患感冒 ◆ see a dentist　看牙医
◆ go to the party　去参加聚会 ◆ make sb sick　 使某人不舒服(患锁病)
◆ have a sore throat 嗓子痛 ◆ have a fever　发烧,发热 ◆ have a toothache牙痛
◆ have a backache　背痛 ◆ have a headache　头痛
【语法知识聚焦】看病需要和医生交流，这是英语口语中必不可少的内容。从医生询问病情，病人诉说病情，到医生检查、诊断和医嘱，这些环节最常用的语句，同学们必须掌握。
　　一、医生询问病情的常用语句：
　　1. What's wrong/the matter (with you)?　 你怎么了？
　　　 What's your trouble, young man? 　　 年轻人, 你哪里不舒服?
　　 　When did it start?　 　　　　　　　　 从何时开始生病的？
　　2. How are you (feeling) now?　 　　　　你现在觉得怎么样?
　　　 Are you feeling better today?　 　　 你今天好些了吗?
　　3. Have you got a headache/a cough? 　　你头痛/咳嗽吗?
　　4. When did you feel unwell?　 　　　　 你什么时候觉得不舒服的?
　　5. When did the pain start?　 　　　　　疼痛何时开始的?
　　6. Did you sleep well?　 　　　　　　　　你睡得好吗?
　　　 Do you feel tired?　　　　　　　　　　你觉得疲劳吗?
　　7. How long have you been like this?　　你像这样有多久了?
　　8. Did you eat anything for breakfast?　你早饭吃了什么没有?
　　二、病人诉说病情的常用语句：
　　1. I don't feel very well. / I'm not feeling well. 　 我感到不舒服。
　　2. I have (got) a headache.　 我头痛。
　　　 I have a sore throat.　 　　我嗓子痛。
　　 　I have a backache. / I have a pain in my back. 我后背痛。
　　 　There's something wrong with my leg.　 我的腿有毛病了。
　　3. I feel terrible.　　我感到很难受。
　　　 I feel even worse.　我感到情况更糟了.
　　4. I don't feel like eating anything.　 我什么都不想吃.
　　5. I dream too much. 　 我的梦特别多.
　　　 I can't fall / be asleep in the evening. 晚上我睡不着.
　　6. It began two days ago. 　 两天前开始的.
　　7. I don't feel any better now. 我感觉没有什么好转.
　　8. I had noodles for lunch today. 今天午饭我吃的是面条.
　　三、医生检查、诊断和治疗的常用语句:
　　1. Open your mouth and say　 "Ah---'.　张嘴说 "啊---- ".
　　2. Let me take your temperature. 让我给你量量体温.
　　3. There's nothing much wrong / serious with you.　 你没什么大问题.
　　4. You have got a bad cold. 　　你患了重感冒.
　　5. You have to be in hospital.　你得住院.
　　6. You'd better stay in bed for a few days.　你最好卧床几天.
　　 　You'd better not eat too much sugar.　　你最好别吃太多的糖.
　　　 Eat less food and take more exercise. If you do that, you'll feel much healthier.
　　 　少吃些,多锻炼,不久你的身体就会健康得多.
　　　 Drink more water.　　 　　　　　　多喝水.
　　 　You should drink a lot of water. 你应该多喝水。
　　　 Have a good rest.　　　　　　　　　好好休息.
　　7. Take one of these pills twice a day.　 这些药每次服一片,每天两次.
　　 　Take the medicine after meals.　 　　　饭后服药.
　　8. You'll soon be all right.　 　　　　　　你很快就会康复的.
　　　 I hope you feel better soon.　 　　　　我希望你很快就会好起来。
　　 　Try to relax before you go to sleep.　 睡觉前尽量放松一下。
【能力训练】
一、补全对话
小明生病了，他流鼻涕，还不停的咳嗽。现在他正在看医生，请阅读并补全他们的对话。
A: I'm not feeling well, doctor.
B: What's the 　1　 ?
A: Well, I have a runny nose and I 　2　 　stop coughing.
B: You have 　3　 　a cold.
　Take some medicine and 　4　 　a good sleep.
　You'll 　5　 　better soon.
A: Thank you doctor.
二、连词成句
1. should, he, bed, to, go, early　　_______________________________________.
2. have, you, do, throat, sore, a 　　________________________________________?
3. should, to, healthy, you, exercise, stay　　____________________________________________.
4. shouldn’t, she, tired, when, study, she, is　　_____________________________________________.
5. Sonja, shouldn’t, party, tonight, to, go, the, certainly　　________________________________________.
三、语法填空
1. What is she doing now?
　She _______　 _______ (play) the kite now.
2. Where did he go on vacation?
　He ___________ (stay) at home.
3. I am tired now. I _________(study) late last night.
4. My mom________(like) the color of blue, but my grandparents
　 ________(like) the color of yellow.
5. A: I ______ _________ ________ (feel) well now.
　B: You should go to the doctor.
6. He believes that I should __________(have) a good habit.
四、翻译