四六级翻译练习.doc

汉译英专项练习

一、倍数增减的表示法 5

1) Force N1 _______________(比力N2大2.5倍).

is 2.5 times greater than Force N2

（考点：倍数 + 形容词/副词比较级 + than）

2) This substance _______________(反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍).

reacts three times as fast as the other one

（考点：倍数 + as + 形容词/副词 + as）

3) The earth _______________(是月球大小的49倍).

is 49 times the size of the moon

（考点：倍数 + 名词）

4) The landlord _______________(想将租金提高三分之一).

wants to raise the rent by a third

（考点：动词 + by + 数词/百分比/倍数）

5) They _______________(计划将投资增加一倍).

plan to double their investment

（考点：double + 名词）

二、时态 6

1) Be quick, _______________(否则等我们到达教堂时婚礼就已经结束了).

or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church

（考点：将来完成时）

2) When she got home, _______________(孩子们已经睡着了).

the children had fallen asleep

（考点：过去完成时）

3) When I prepare for the college entrance examination, _______________(我姐姐将在海边度假).

my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside

（考点：将来进行时）

4) I_______________(一上午都在修改我的简历).

have been revising my resume all the morning

（考点：现在完成进行时）

5) Do you often go on holiday? _______________(不，我已经有五年没有度假了).

No. It has been five years since I went on holiday

（考点：It has been … since sb. did sth. 表示某人有多长时间没有做某事了）

6) He joined the army in October, 2001. _______________(他参军已五年了).

He has been in the army for 5 years

（考点：1. 现在完成时；2.要用持续性动词才能接一段时间）

三、被动语态 5

1) The blackboard and chalk _______________(正在被电脑和投影机所取代).

is being replaced by the computer and the projector

（考点：被动语态的现在进行时）

2) The book _______________(到今年年底就将已出版).

n will have been published by the end of this year

（考点：被动语态的将来完成时）

n 3) Computer models _______________(可以用来演示细胞工作的方式).

n can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work

（考点：1. 被动语态与情态动词联用; 2. 汉语有些没有“被”字等标志词的句子也表示被动, 要译成英语的被动语态）

n 4) When the bill of fare was brought, _______________(我惊呆了，价格大大超出了我的预料).

n I was startled, for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated

（考点：同“3”的考点2）

n 5) _______________(必须立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sandy storms.

n Effective measures must be taken immediately

（考点：汉语的无主句通常翻译成英语的被动语态）

四、情态动词 5

1) The phone is ringing, _______________(但是没人接听。她一定不在家).

but there is no answer. She can’t be at home

（考点：情态动词可以表示可能性，can’t 表示“一定不”）

2) I can’t find my sunglasses. _______________(我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了).

n I may have left them in the coffee shop yesterday

n （考点：“情态动词can/could, may/might, must + 完成式”用于表示对过去发生的动作的主观判断）

n 3) You screamed in your sleep last night. _______________(你一定梦见什么可怕的东西了).

n You must have dreamed of something terrible

（考点：同上）

4) It’s a pity. _______________(你本应该邀请她来参加你的毕业典礼的).

n You should have invited her to your graduation ceremony

（考点：“情态动词should/ought to + have done” 用于评论过去应该做而实际并未做的动作，含有批评的意思）

5) _______________(其实我没必要穿上我最好的套装去参加那次聚会的); most of the guests were wearing jeans and sweaters.

n I needn’t have put on my best suit to go to the party

n （考点：“情态动词needn’t + have + done”表示对过去发生的动作进行评论，认为“无须发生”，“不必做”)

五、虚拟语气 22

n 1) I wish _______________(我年轻的时候有你们这样的机会).

n I had had your opportunities when I was young

（考点：I wish后的that从句中用过去完成式表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望）

2) If only _______________(他知道这病是可以治好的)! Then he would not have killed himself.

he had known this disease is curable

（考点：If only 引导的感叹句表示“但愿”或“要是……就好了”，用法与 I wish…基本相同）

3) —— Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars?

—— I’d rather he _______________(漆成蓝色的，而且不带任何装饰).

painted it blue, and without any decorations

（考点：would rather 后的that从句中用过去式表示不是事实）

n 4) It’s high time that _______________(采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题).

n measures were taken to solve the problem of traffic jams

（考点：It’s (about/high) time 后的that从句中用过去式，表示“该是……的时候了”）

5) Hugh usually talks _______________(仿佛在大会上发表演说似的).

n as though he were delivering a speech at an assembly

n （考点：as if / as though引导的从句中用过去式表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑）

6) We insist that _______________(让杰克立刻进医院).

n Jack (should) be sent to hospital right now

n （考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词所接的宾语从句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虚拟形式）

n 7) It was advised that _______________(在居民区设立更多的流动商店).

n more mobile shops (should) be set up in the residential area

（考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词所接的主语从句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虚拟形式）

8) His proposal was that _______________(他们成立一个专门委员会来检查这个问题).

n they (should) set up a special board/committee to examine this problem

n （考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的名词所接的表语从句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虚拟形式）

9) We are going to discuss his suggestion that _______________(取消期中考试).

n the mid-term exams (should) be canceled

n （考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的名词所接的同位语从句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虚拟形式）

10) It is ridiculous that _______________(我们在一个总是下雨的国家还缺水).

n we (should) be short of water in a country where it is always raining

n （考点：在It is/was +形容词后的that从句中常用“sb. should do”的形式表示建议惊奇等。

n 这类形容词常见的有：advisable, anxious, desirable, essential, important, impossible, improper, necessary, proper, urgent, vital, ）

11) It is essential that _______________(每个人都为紧急情况做好准备).

n everyone (should) be prepared for emergency

（考点：同上）

12) _______________(如果他按照我告诉他的办法订票), we would have had quite a comfortable journey.

n If he had booked tickets in the way I told him

n （考点：在非真实条件句中用过去完成式表示与过去的事实相反）

n 13) I was to have made a speech _______________(要不是有人把我的话打断了).

if I had not been interrupted

（考点：同上）

14) It didn’t rain last night. _______________(要是下了，地就会湿的).

n If it had rained, the ground would be wet

（考点：在非真实条件句中，当主句与从句表示的动作不是同时发生时，就根据情况用适当的谓语动词形式）

15) _______________(如果我一直住在纽约), I would know the U.S. well now.

n If I had been living in New York

（考点：同上）

16) If the doctor had not come in time, _______________(他现在就不在人间了).

n he would be dead now

（考点：同上）

17) But for his help, _______________(我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子了).

n we could not have rent a house at such a low price

n （考点：but for经常作为非真实条件句中if的代用语）

n 18) I used my calculator; _______________(否则，我会花更长的时间才能算出这道题).

n otherwise, it would have taken me more time to work out this question

n （考点：otherwise也经常作为非真实条件句中if的代用语）

19) Were I in your place, _______________(我会毫不犹豫地抓住机会).

n I would seize the opportunity without hesitation

n （考点：在非真实条件句中如果有were, had, should这三个词，可以省去if，采用主谓语倒装的形式来表示条件）

20) Had it not been for their opposition, _______________(这项法案早就通过了).

n this act would have been passed much earlier

（考点：同上）

n 21) Should there be another world war, _______________(人类的继续存在就会有危险).

n the continued existence of the human race would be in jeopardy

（考点：同上）

n 22) He walked lightly _______________(以免惊醒婴儿).

n lest he should awaken the baby

n （考点：lest (以免)引导的从句通常用sb. should do的形式表示虚拟）

六、不定式 10

n 1) It was a great achievement _______________(10个月建成一栋24层的楼).

n to complete a 24-story building in 10 months

n （考点：不定式作主语时常用it作形式主语放在句首代替不定式，而将不定式移到谓语后面）

n 2) It is necessary _______________(我们在考试前好好地睡一晚上觉).

n for us to have a good night’s sleep before the test

n （考点：有时用“介词for + 代词/名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语，这时整句的谓语描述的对象是事情，

n 这种情况下谓语中常用的形容词有：necessary, important, possible, impossible, all right, essential等）

n 3) It is generous _______________(你把这么多钱捐给灾区人民).

n of you to donate so much money to the people in the disaster area

（考点：有时用“介词of + 代词/名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语，这时整句的谓语描述的对象是人，

n 常用的形容词有：bold, brave, careful, careless, cruel, foolish, generous, honest, kind, polite, rude, selfish, silly, stupid, thoughtful, thoughtless, wicked, wise, wrong）

n 4) The teacher decided _______________(不惩罚那些上课迟到的学生).

n not to punish those students who had been late for class

n （考点：1. 用不定式结构作decide的宾语；2.不定式的否定形式是在to前加not）

n 能带不定式作宾语的动词常见的有：afford, attempt, beg, decide, forget, intend, manage, mean, offer, prefer, promise, ）

n 5) Mr. Green was wondering _______________ (是否去看望在法国的儿子).

n whether to visit their son in France

n （考点：“疑问词+不定式”作动词wonder的宾语。

n 6) The gardener _______________(刚才警告我不要在中午给花浇水).

n warned me just now not to water flowers at noon

（考点：不定式作宾语补语）

n 7) We _______________(请他给我们做有关现代艺术的讲座).

n invited him to give us a lecture on modern art

n （考点：同上）

n 8) He feels it challenging _______________(在这么大一所大学做学生会主席).

n to be the chairman of students’ union in so large a university

（考点：动词 + it + 形容词/名词 + 不定式。it是形式宾语，不定式是真正宾语）

n 9) We hope to have more opportunities _______________(把我们在课堂上学到的东西应用于实践).

n to apply what we have learned in class to practice

（考点：不定式作定语）

n 10) The bad weather _______________(破坏了我们在露天放电影的计划).

n ruined our plan to show the film in the open air

（考点：同上）

七、分词 9

n 1) This is the first time that I heard _______________(用意大利语唱“祝你生日快乐”).

n “Happy birthday to you” sung in Italian

（考点：分词作宾语补语）

n 2) The cars _______________(停在消防通道的) will be ticketed.

n parked in the fire lane

（考点：分词作定语）

n 3) The war went on for years, _______________(夺去了成千上万人的生命).

n killing thousands upon thousands of people

（考点：分词作结果状语）

n 4) The farmers used a new insecticide, thus _______________(将平均产量提高了15%).

n raising the average yield by 15 percent

（考点：同上）

n 5) Einstein watched the toy in delight, _______________(想推导出它的运转原理).

n trying to deduce its operating principle

（考点：分词作伴随状语）

n 6) _______________(看到大家都在聚精会神地看书), we stopped talking and began to study.

n Seeing that everyone was bending over his/her book

（考点：分词作原因状语）

n 7) _______________(被这个男孩的事迹深深打动了), they decided to pay for his education.

n Deeply moved by the boy’s deeds

（考点：同上）

n 8) _______________(从一个年轻朋友的眼光来看), Einstein was a simple, modest and ordinary man.

n Seen from the eyes of a young friend

（考点：分词作方式状语）

n 9) _______________(好久没有收到父母的来信了), he was worried about them.

n Not having heard from his parents for a long time

n （考点：1. 分词作原因状语；2.分词的否定形式；3.现在分词的完成式）

八、动名词 6

n 1) _______________(每天洗冷水澡) does him a lot of good.

n Taking a cold bath every day

（考点：动名词作主语）

n 2) They tried to avoid _______________(让女儿做她不喜欢的事情).

n making their daughter do what she didn’t like to do

（考点：动名词作动词的宾语）

n 3) Developing varieties is the key to _______________(使我们的产品进入国际市场).

n getting our goods into the international market

（考点：动名词作介词的宾语）

n 4) It is no use _______________(为洒了的牛奶而哭泣).

n crying over spilled milk

考点：动名词用于固定结构。

n 5) He denied_______________(偷看了同桌的试卷).

n having peeked at his neighbor’s test paper

（考点：动名词的完成式）

n 6) We congratulated her on _______________(被提升为经理).

n being promoted to manager

（考点：动名词的被动式）

九、非谓语动词用法区别 10

n 1) Success means _______________(非常努力地工作).

n working very hard.

（考点：mean表示“意味着”）

n 2) John meant _______________(开车去那儿，但他的车出了故障).

n to drive there, but his car broke down

（考点：mean表示“打算”）

n 3) I heard him _______________(在跟他的母亲谈话).

n talking to his mother

（考点：强调正在进行）

n 4) I heard him _______________(跟他的母亲谈了一个小时).

n talk to his mother for an hour

（考点：强调整个过程）

n 5) He jumped into the pool to save the child _______________(结果却摔断了自己的腿).

n only to break his own leg

（考点：意料之外的结果）

n 6) He jumped from the burning house, _______________(摔断了双腿).

n breaking his legs

（考点：意料之中的结果）

n 7) He was happy _______________(看到父母很健康).

n to see his parents in good health

（考点：不定式作原因状语位于句末）

n 8) _______________(看到父母安然无恙), he issued a sigh of relief.

n Seeing his parents safe and sound

（考点：分词作原因状语位于句首）

n 9) _______________(跟随着它的脚印), the zoologists spotted the hungry panda.

n Following its footprints

（考点：现在分词强调主动）

n 10) The pop, _______________(后面跟着两个保镖), came to meet his fans.

n followed by two body guards

（考点：过去分词强调被动）

十、名词从句 11

n 1) _______________(他们为什么离开家乡去云南) is still a secret.

n Why they left their hometown for Yunnan

（考点：主语从句）

n 2) _______________(最让我不解的) was that he spoke English so well.

n What confused me most

（考点：同上）

n 3) _______________(这么做是故意的) became obvious.

n That this was done on purpose

（考点：同上）

n 4) It is not clear yet _______________(谁应该为这件事负责).

n who should be responsible for this matter

（考点：较长的主语从句可以后置，用it作形式主语）

n 5) It is none of your business _______________(玛丽与谁订婚).

n whom Mary is engaged to

（考点：同上）

n 6) Don’t put off till tomorrow _______________(今天能做的事).

n what can be done today

（考点：宾语从句）

n 7) This novel is just _______________(我一直在寻找的).

n what I have been looking for

（考点：表语从句）

n 8) It is not yet known _______________(机器人是否有一天能拥有象人一样的视力).

n whether/if robots will one day have vision as good as human vision

（考点：whether/if引导后置的主语从句）

n 9) _______________(她是否喜欢那个礼物) is not clear to me.

n Whether she likes the present

（考点：whether引导前置的主语从句）

n 10) Finally, the workers got an answer _______________(政府做不了什么事来提高他们工资).

n that the Government could do nothing to raise their wages

（考点：同位语从句）

n 11) Obviously, there was little certainty _______________(主席会同意他的提议).

n that the chairman would agree to this proposal

（考点：同上）

十一、定语从句 4

n 1) Everyday many tourists come to visit _______________(鲁迅出生的那栋房子).

n the house where Lu Xun was born

（考点：先行词为地点，定语从句通常由where引导）

n 2) The old lady died _______________(在她儿子到达的那天).

n on the day when his son arrived

（考点：先行词为时间，定语从句通常由when引导）

n 3) This is _______________(我赞成这一改革的理由).

n the reason why I am in favor of this reform

（考点：先行词为reason，定语从句通常由why引导）

n 4) Some of the roads were flooded, _______________(这使我们的旅程更为艰难).

n which made our journey more difficult

（考点：非限制性定语从句）

十二、状语从句 4

n 1) _______________(不管我们谈论什么), Jim brings polities into the discussion.

n Whatever we talk about

（考点：让步状语从句）

n 2) _______________(不管观众中的一些人如何使劲地难为他), the comedian always had a quick, sharp reply.

n However hard some people in the audience tried to upset him

n 3) We climbed high _______________(这样我们就可以看到更好的风景).

n so that we might get a better view

（考点：目的状语从句）

n 4) You can go out _______________(只要你答应晚上11点以前回来).

n as long as you promise to be back before 11 at night

（考点：条件状语从句）

十三、比较级最高级 4

n 1) Does she dance _______________(跟她姐姐一样地优美)?

n as grace