公共英语等级考试四级(PETS4)课程辅导.doc

公共英语等级考试四级(PETS4)课程辅导(01)讲
Dialogue：

　　1. I wonder if you can help me when I get stuck.
　　get stuck: be in trouble 遇到麻烦
　　E.g. He always comes to my rescue whenever I get stuck.
　　每次我遇到麻烦都是他帮我解围。

　　2. Let me know at any time.
　　Let me know: tell me or inform me 告诉，通知
　　E.g. when you get to Beijing, please let me know and I’ll meet you at the airport.
　　你到了北京告诉我一声，我去机场接你。

　　Passage ：

　　1. As we cross the threshold into the next century…knowledge based economy.
　　threshold n.. 门槛、门栏、(喻)开始
　　E.g. Mind you step when you cross the threshold. (mind your head 小心碰头)
　　过门槛的时候小心点.
　　He was graduated last year and now is on the threshold of his career.
　　他去年刚刚毕业,现在正是事业的起步阶段.
　　Knowledge-based economy 知识经济
　　E.g. Market-based /driven economy 市场经济
　　State-owned enterprises 国有企业(S0E)
　　overseas-funded enterprises外资企业
　　Snow-covered mountain雪山

　　2.In more specific terms ,the application of information to economy is best exemplified in the net working and communication…
　　A. in ….terms= in terms of 措辞、说法;
　　E.g. The Australian professor spoke of the fighting against SARS in china in terms of praise.
　　那位澳大利亚教授谈起中国抗击非典的战斗给予了高度的评价.
　　Don’t speak to your parents in impolite terms.
　　不要对父母讲不礼貌的话.
　　B. Scientific/technical/legal terms　科学、技术、法律术语
　　E.g. In box-office terms,　Spider was a great success.
　　从票房收入来看,《蜘蛛侠》获得了巨大的成功.
　　C. be on good /bad terms with sb　和某人关系好/不好
　　E.g. He is always on good terms with his neighbors.

　　3. This net refers to the computer network of satellites…
　　It (electronic currency) refers to on entire finance system on the net.
　　refer to: allude to; apply to;　　提及、应用于、指的是
　　E.g. I wasn’t referring to you when I said someone was lazy.
　　我说有些人懒,并不是指你.

　　4. Internet shopping belongs to the first aspect…
　　belong to: be the property of ,be a member of 属于
　　E.g. Taiwan belongs to China.台湾属于中国.
　　Which team do you belong to? 你是属于哪个队的?

　　5.Belongings n. movable possessions 财产 (尤指动产)
　　E.g. Keep your belongings sage to ensure they are not stolen.
　　personal belongings/estate 个人财产、动产
　　real estate　不动产、房地产

　　6. Sporting goods company puma was on the verge of bankruptcy back in 1992.
　　be on the verge of : be close to 　濒临
　　E.g. After losing his son in the accident, the old man was nearly on the verge of nervous breaking.
　　儿子在事故中丧生使这位老人几乎精神崩溃.
　　bankrupt adj. go bankrupt 破产

　　7. In time to come, have to forsake the familiar paper currency.
　　in time to come: in the coming/near future 在不久的将来
　　get/be familiar with sh 熟悉
　　be familiar to sb 为……熟知
　　E.g. He likes plants very much, so he is familiar with many flowers.
　　他喜欢植物,所以知道很多种花.
　　This is a flower familiar to many of us.
　　这是我们都很熟悉的一种花.
　　forsake: give up, abandon 放弃,遗弃
　　E.g. He forsook his bad habits with the help of his friend.
　　在朋友的帮助下,他改掉了坏习惯.
8. Resulting in the Internet itself becoming the world’s largest emerging market.
　　result in: bring about, have a result 致使、导致
　　result from: happen as a result of, be caused by 起因于,因..引起
　　E.g. The disagreement resulted in the war between the two nations.
　　两国家之间的分歧导致了战争.
　　(The war resulted from the disagreement between the two nations.)

　　9. make profits =in the red 盈利
　　make losses= in the black亏损
　　E.g. This industry will make profit from a long-term perspective/in the long run.
　　长远来讲,这个产业是会盈利.
　　This company is making losses now, but it will make profits from a long perspective.
　　这家公司目前虽然亏损,但长远看来它是会赢利的.

　　10.to date: so far, until now 到目前为止
　　E.g. This company is making profits to date.这家公司目前为止一直赢利.

　　11. freelancer n.自由职业者 freelance v. 做自由职业
　　E.g. He has great interest in working as a freelancer.
　　他对做个自由职业人很感兴趣.

　　12. Superiority .
　　1).be/feel superior to 比……好
　　2).be/feel inferior to 不如……
　　E.g. He always feels superior to other guys in his class.
　　他总是自以为比班里其他的男孩子都强.

　　13. Exemplify v.
　　E.g. His theory was exemplified in the financial crisis.
　　他的理论在这场金融危机中得到了证实.

　　14.optic adj.视觉的the optic nerve视觉神经
　　optics n.光学 (和maths, physics一样,表示学科时,和单数动词连用)
　　E.g. Thanks to the help of my brother, the problems that I had in optics have been solved.
　　多亏哥哥帮忙, 我在光学中遇到的问题都解决了

　　15.dizzying adj.极快的
　　E.g. The 21st century witnesses the dizzying development of the electronic industries.
　　电子产业在二十一世纪得到了迅猛的发展.

　　16. Consultation n. 请教, 咨询, 商议
　　E.g. The doctors held a consultation to decide whether an operation was necessary.
　　医生们商议了一下看是否有必要做手术.

　　17.diffuse v.使分散
　　to diffuse learning/knowledge/light/heat传播学问/知识/光/热量

　　18.logistics n.后勤(学)
　　E.g. Logistics is crucial for a war.
　　后勤保障对于一场战役来讲至关重要.

　　19. Feline n. cat 猫科动物
　　E.g. He walked quite like a feline to his brother’s room.

　　20. Rationalize v.
　　To rationalize the management system
　　使管理系统合理化

　　21. Foster v.
　　foster a child 抚养孩子–foster parents养父母 (无法律约束)
　　adopt a child领养孩子—adoptive parents养父母(具有法律意义)
　　(区别:法律意义不同.)

　　22.monoply n.垄断,独占
　　E.g. In many countries, tobacco is a government monopoly.
　　在很多国家,烟草是政府的专卖事业.
　　monopolize v.垄断,独占
　　E.g. Don’t let me monopolize the conversation.
　　别光是我一个人说话.
公共英语等级考试四级(PETS4)课程辅导(02)讲
完型填空与阅读　　Use of English
　　该部分共有20 小题。在一篇240-280词的文章中留下20个空白，要求考生从每题所给出的四个选项中选出最佳答案。
　　答题时应该考虑以下几个方面：1)通读全文，考虑上下文的含义;2)运用逻辑推理;3)注意惯用法和固定搭配关系。
　　Read the following text .Choose the best word or phrase marked A. B. C .or D for each numbered blank.
　　We often hear the_1_ “Bug” while using computers. But what is a bug? In computer science, a bug _2_ an error in software of hardware. In software, a bug is an error in coding or logic that causes a program to malfunction or to _3_in correct results. Minor bugs, for example a cursor that does not behave as _4_can be inconvenient or frustrating, but not damaging to _5_. More severe bugs can cause a program to “hang” (stop responding to _6_and might _7_the user with no _8_but to restart the program. Losing whatever _9_ work had not been saved. In _10_case, the programmer must find and correct the error by the _11_ known as debugging. Because of the _12_risk to important data, commercial application programs are tested and _13_ as completely as possible before release .Minor bugs found after the program becomes _14_are corrected in next update; more _15_bugs can sometimes be fixed with special software, called patches, that circumvents or otherwise _16_its effects. In hardware, a bug is a recurring _17_problem that prevents a system or set of _18_from working together properly. The_19_ of the term reputedly goes back to the early days of computer at Harvard University was _20_to a moth caught between the contacts of a relay in the machine.
　　1. a. wording b.term c.diction d.insect
　　2. a. recurs to b.prefers to c.attributes to d.refers to
　　3. a. produce b. achieve c. recreate d.attain
　　4. a.expect b.expectation c.expecting d.expected
　　5. a. information b.material c.memory d.news
　　6 mands b.monitor c.control d.supervision
　　7. a. grant b.retain c.leave d.reward
　　8. a.alternative b.objective c. collective d.derivative
　　9. a.prestigious b. precarious c.previous d.precious
　　10.a.both b.either c. neither d. none
　　11.a.process b. operation c.performance d.action
　　12.a.promising b.potential c. prospective d.probable
　　13.a.debugged b.analyzed c.released d.removed
　　14.a.accessible b.affable c.available d.adaptable
　　15.a.minor b.major c.important d.severe
　　16.a.alleviates b.worsens c.reduces d.enhances
　　17.a.mental b.physical c.formal d. substantial
　　18.a. ompound positions ponents posure
　　19.a.beginning b.start c.source d.origin
　　20.a.tracked b.traced c.followed d.detected

　　解析
　　1.考查名词近义词的辨析。Wording ,diction 指说法，措辞，潜辞造句;Insect 昆虫; term名词术语。
　　2.考查形似动词词组辨析。recurs to重现; prefers to更喜欢; attributes to归功于，归于;refers to 指的是
　　3. 考察相近动词辨析 produce 生产，产生; recreate (re前缀表示“再，又”)再创造，再现; achieve 和attain 都表示通过努力取得，得到。
　　4.考查省略句的用法。完整的句子应该是 as it is expected 意思是“正如人们所预想的”，但通常情况下it is 是可以省略的。
　　5.这是一个常识性的问题，一般情况下小的一般的病毒不会对计算机的-----有一些影响。Information, memory, news是和计算机有关的常用词，排除了material。有可能对储存信息和上网看新闻有影响，但对整个信息系统是不会有很大影响的。
　　6.有些病毒可以导致计算机“死机”，即不执行计算机的指令。表示计算机的“指令”，英语中用commands。
　　7.考查动词的基本用法。四个选项中，grant， retain，reward都是及物动词，直接接宾语，不需要宾语补足语。只有leave后面可以用形容词，介词短语做宾语补足语，表示“使…停留在某种状态”。比如：
　　He went away, leaving the windows open. 他走了，窗户开着。
　　He went away, leaving his little brother in tears.小弟弟还在哭，他就离开了。
　　8. 考查形近词辨析。no后面应该接名词形式，而collective， derivative都只有形容词词性。alternative选择的余地，objective目标，目的。很显然，“死机使计算机操作者别无选择只好重新启动”。
　　9.考查形近形容词辨析。prestigious有声望的，著名的; precarious不稳定的; previous先前的; precious珍贵的。“重新启动时候，先前所有没有保存的资料就会丢失了。”
　　10.考查相近形容词的用法。both 和neither，是一对反义词，都修饰可数名词复数形式;either，表示“任何一个”修饰可数名词单数;none，是代词，表示三者或三者以上“都不”，单独使用，要么和of连用。
　　11.“计算机需要启动杀毒程序”，程序是计算机专用语， process
　　12. 考查近义词辨析。“由于对于计算机重要数据的潜在威胁” promising有前途的;potential(that may or can come into existence)可能的，潜在的;prospective(hoped for, looked forward to )有望的，可能的：d. probable(likely to happen or prove to be true)可能发生或证实的。由此看出，在平时的学习中，用英语本身来理解词义是很重要的。
　　13.考查同义词的辨析。同时考查善于从上下文中获取信息的能力。“由于对于计算机重要数据的构成潜在威胁，因此商业应用软件通常要经过检测和---(杀毒)。”通过上下文，我们知道文章主要是关于计算机病毒的。而且前面也 曾经出现了debug这个词。
　　14.考查近义词的辨析。“一旦有了这种程序，小的病毒就会被更正”。 affable和蔼的，友善的;adaptable 可适应的。根据意思可以排除。
　　accessible(able to be reached or visited)可进入的，可参观的;
　　available (able to be used or attained )可获得的，可用的
　　The book you want is available in the school bookstore.你要的书学校的书店里就有。
　　15.考查形容词的比较级和同义词辨析。“更严重的病毒可以使用特殊的软件”。
　　minor， major 没有比较级。 Important重要的; severe严重的。
　　16.考查对文章意义的理解和同义词辨析。“更严重的病毒可以使用特殊的软件来阻止病毒或降低其影响”。
　　Worsen 使严重，恶化enhance 提高，促进
　　alleviate(make less or easier to bear)减轻，缓和
　　reduces(make small in size, weight, etc) 减少
　　17.考查形容词的基本意义。“病毒是计算机自身反复发生的问题”。
　　mental(人)精神的，大脑的;physical(of the law of nature)自然律的;(of the body)本身的，自身的; formal正式的; substantial真实的，盛大的
　　18. 考查近义词的辨析。“病毒会阻碍计算机系统或各个部件和谐运转”。 compound复合物compositions作文，作曲;components 元素，部件;composure态度镇静沉着
　　19. 考查近义词的辨析。“病毒的起源”beginning，start开始，开头;source(place of which sth is from)来源，出处; origin (starting point)
　　20. 考查动词的固定用法。“哈佛大学的计算机硬件出了问题，起因是一只飞蛾”。be traced to 追究，追溯，源自。
公共英语等级考试四级(PETS4)课程辅导(03)讲
Reading comprehension　　能力要求：
　　理解主旨要义;理解具体信息;
　　推测生词含义;进行推理判断和引申;
　　理解概念性含义;理解文章的结构、单句之间、段落之间的关系;
　　理解作者意图、观点和态度;区分论点和论据;
　　该部分有A、B两部分组成，
　　A节：该节20题，考查考生阅读能力。根据提供四篇文章的内容，从每题给出的四个选项中选出最佳答案。
　　B节：要求阅读一篇约400词的文章，将其中5个画线部分翻译成中文。
　　A sixth grader settles downs to tackle her homework on a weekday afternoon in 2004. She is sitting on the bus with her laptop; logging on to the Internet to take a math-skills test in the school home page and get her own personalized assignment. She downloads the software she’ll need, seeks help from an online school librarian and emails the finished work to her teacher. Mom and dad check in from their office computer, comparing her scores with the class and the state averages.
　　Homework in the future may not any less laborious, but it will certainly be more wired. And as more children gain access to computers and the Net—75%of teens and 47% of kids aged 2 to 12 are expected to be online by 2002—schools and technology companies are responding with unique assignment and high-tech homework help for parents and kids. On the menu: TAILOR-MADE ASSIGNMENTS. The most profound way homework will change is that instead of everybody heading home with the same lesson; each student will sit down to an individual assignment. The school server, or central computer, will maintain information on each student’s progress and dole out the appropriate work when the child checks the Web page.
　　Keeping in touch. For students like high school junior Samantha Symonds of Pottstown, pa, the simple ease of getting assignments on line and turning in via emails is reason enough to take homework digital. Samantha, a competitive fencer, travels far from her school for tournament and boots up to stay on top of her assignment. Logging on in hotel rooms and airports, she gets copies of course lectures and lab assignments, emails her teacher when she is stumped and even takes tests on line. “You can actually focus on what you need to know rather than tracking down someone to answer your questions,” Samantha says.
　　Unlimited research. Kids are rapidly becoming experts at searching websites and CD-RoMS for research projects and wowing teachers with what they find. The most profound way homework will change is that instead of everybody heading home with the same lesson; each student will sit down to an individual assignment.
　　Wiring the Have-Nots. As computers become the homework to tool of choice, educators worry about children who don’t have access to the technology. “The kids who don’t have computers at home will be at such a fundamental disadvantage. It will be as if they don’t have a pen or paper,” says Ellyot Solovay, a professor at he university of Michigan. He’s just finished a study in which internet TVs were placed in the homes of a class of Detroit public-school students, and found it not only benefited the kids but boosted parental involvement as well.
　　Yet wining kids over to become fans of homework may take more than high-tech help. Annette Bitter’s seventh–graders love doing research on the laptops they got through a Microsoft study. “But of course there are always excuses” says Bitter, who keeps hearing a modern tale of woe. “The computer ate my homework.”
　　1.How will assignments in 2004 be finished?
　　A. Students will go to school and finish the school work assigned by teachers.
　　B. Middle school teachers will require students to type our all their assignments.
　　C. Different assignments will be given to students according ti their own will.
　　D. Staying at home, students can get their assignments through the Internet and email to their teachers after finishing them.
　　2. According to the passage, laptop probably refers to ____.
　　A. a small-sized portable computer
　　B. a newly-invented TV set
　　C. a kind of calculator
　　D. an old-fashioned private computer
　　3.What does the author mean by saying “it (homework) will certainly be more wired”?
　　A. More wires will be needed to finish homework.
　　B. homework is going to be done by wiring the house.
　　C. Students are expected to finish school work through the Internet.
　　D. Teachers will inform students of homework by phoning.
　　4.What kind of assignment will teachers give to students in 2004 according to the passage?
　　A. Less laborious than today’s homework.
　　B.Assignment given according to students’ different conditions.
　　C. Easy to complete with the help of online information.
　　D. work that are most entertaining to the students.
　　5.It is implied in the passage that _____
　　A. information technology enables education to vary from person to person.
　　B. assignment in 2004 will be more entertaining and less paining
　　C. all students are going to be fans of homework in the future.
　　D. traditional education is doomed to