新概念英语第二册笔记-第67课.doc

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Lesson 67 Volcanoes 火山
【Text】
Haroun Tazieff, the Polish scientist, has spent his lifetime studying active volcanoes and deep caves in all parts of the world. In 1948, he went to Lake Kivu in the Congo to observe a new volcano which he later named Kituro. Tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting violently. Though he managed to take a number of brilliant photographs, he could not stay near the volcano for very long. He noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him. It threatened to surround him completely, but Tazieff managed to escape just in time. He waited until the volcano became quiet and be was able to return two days later. This time, he managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures. Tazieff has often risked his life in this way. He has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive.

【课文翻译】
波兰科学家哈罗恩·塔捷耶夫花了毕生的精力来研究世界各地的活火山和深洞。1948年他去了刚果的基伍湖，对一座后来被他命名为基图罗的新火山进行观察。当火山正在猛烈地喷发时，塔捷耶夫有办法把帐篷搭在离它非常近的地方。尽管他设法拍了一些十分精彩的照片，但他却不能在火山附近停留太长的时间。他发现有一股岩浆正向他流过来，眼看就要将他团团围住，但塔捷耶夫还是设法及时逃离了。他等到火山平静下来，两天以后又返回去。这次他设法爬进了基图罗火山口，以便能拍摄照片和测试温度。塔捷耶夫经常冒这样的生命危险。他能告诉我们的有关活火山的情况比任何在世的人都要多。

New words and expressions 生词和短语
violently adv. 猛烈地，剧烈地
manage v. 设法
brilliant adj. 精彩的
liquid [5likwid] adj. 液态的；n. 液体
escape v. 逃脱
alive adj. 活着的
volcano n. 火山
active adj. 活动的
Kivu n. 基伍湖
Congo n. 刚果
Kituro n. 基图罗
erupt v. （火山）喷发

【生词讲解】
1. volcano n. 火山 (volcanoes)
an active volcano 活火山
a dormant volcano 休眠火山
an extinct volcano 死火山
disaster 灾害
natural disaster 自然灾害
earthquake 地震 flood 洪水
typhoon 台风 hurricane 飓风
storm 风暴 tornado 龙卷风

2. active adj.
1） 活泼的，活跃的 (inactive)
an active child
have an active brain 头脑灵活
2） 积极的，主动的 (passive)
take an active part in 积极参与
3） 活动中的，有效的，(军队中)现役的
on active service (军队中)服现役的
4） 主动的(语法)
active voice 主动语态 (passive voice)
actively adv. 主动地，积极地
activity n. 活动[c]; 活力[u]
outdoor activities 户外活动
club activities 社团活动
activist n. 积极分子（指参与或支持激烈活动的人，尤指政治方面）

3. erupt
1. v. （火山）喷发
eg. It's many years since the volcano last erupted.
2. v. （比喻）突然发生
eg. When I saw the size of the bill, I simply erupted.
当我看到巨额账单时，我简直火冒三丈
eruption n. 火山爆发；（医学）出诊

4. violently adv. 剧烈地，猛烈地
violent adj.
1. 暴力的，（人）暴戾的
eg. He was violent when he got drunk.
violent criminals 暴力犯罪
2. 带有强烈情感的，由强烈情感引起的
violent language 激烈的语言
in a violent shock 万分震惊
eg. He has a violent dislike of school.
他极度的厌学
3. 厉害的，强烈的
violent wind 强风
violent earthquakes 强烈地震
violent toothache 剧烈的牙疼
violently adv. 猛烈地
eg. The volcano erupted violently.
violence n. 暴力，狂热，强烈的感情
with violence 剧烈地

5. manage v.
1) 管理，经营
manage a company 经营一家公司
2) 控制，照顾，驾驭
manage a horse 驾驭一匹马
manage a child 照顾小孩
manage one's money 理财
3)做成，应付
-Can I help you?
-No, thank you. I can manage it.
eg. I can't borrow the money, so I have to manage without it.
借不到钱，所以我只能应付一下
4) 产生，达到，设法做成...
manage to do sth 设法成功地做成...
eg. He managed to steal the Benz.
He managed to get to school in time.
management n. 管理，经营
manager 经理

6. brilliant adj.
1. 非常明亮的，光辉夺目的
brilliant sunshine 灿烂的阳光
a brilliant diamond 耀眼的钻石
2. 杰出的，非凡的，精彩的
a brilliant scientist 卓越的科学家
brilliant achievements 非凡的成就
brilliant photographs 精彩的照片

7. liquid
1) n. 液体
eg. The liquid was red.
Water, milk and oil are liquids.
gas 气体 solid 固体
2) adj. 液态的，清澈的，透明的
liquid food 流食
liquid rock 岩浆
the liquid sky 清澈的天空
liquid eyes 明亮的眼睛

8. escape
1) v. 逃脱，逃走
escape from /out of 从...逃走
eg. Two prisoners escaped from the prison. 两个囚犯越狱了
escape from the danger 避开危险
2) 逃避，脱离
escape +n. /doing
escape punishment
escape being punished
3) 被人遗忘，逃过(人的)注意
His name escaped me. 我忘了他的名字
The fact escaped my notice.
我没有注意到这个事实
4) n. 逃走
have a narrow escape 九死一生，幸免于难
escapee n. 逃脱者，（尤指）越狱者

9. alive adj. 活着的（人、物）
alive只能做表语，后置定语，宾补，不能做前置定语
eg: It is still alive (主系表)
all those alive (后置定语) 那些活着的人
Let's keep the fish alive. (宾补) --alive 作宾语fish 的补足语
alive and kicking (口)精神饱满，活跃
living 活着的，主要作定语，也可作表语(指人、物)
My first teacher is still living. （表）
living things 生物 （定）
Lei Feng living （后定）
the living 活着的人
the dead 过世的人
live [laiv]adj.（定）放名词前，指物
eg. Have you seen a live whale ?
你见过活着的鲸鱼吗？
lively ['laivli] adj. 活泼的，活跃的，充满生气的（人、物）
eg. His class is lively and interesting.
他的课生动活泼
eg. We all should have a lively mind.
我们都该有活跃的头脑

很多以a开头的adj，被称为表语形容词。不能做前置定语：
alive 活着的
asleep 睡着了的
alike 相象的
ahead 前面的
awake 醒着的
alone 独自的

【课文讲解】
1. Haroun Tazieff, the Polish scientist, has spent his lifetime studying active volcanoes and deep caves in all parts of the world.
the Polish scientist是主语Haroun Tazieff的同位语，解释主语是个什么人
Polish adj. 波兰的
Poland n. 波兰
Pole n. 波兰人
spend ...(in ) somewhere
在某地花费时间、金钱
eg. I spent a month in Switzerland last summer.
我去年夏天在瑞士待了一个月

spend ... on sth 在某事上花费...
eg: He spends about a third of his salary on a new car.
他收入的三分之一都花在一辆新车上
spend some time (in) doing sth.
eg: She spends too much time (in) dressing herself.
她花了太多的时间打扮自己
lifetime n. 毕生精力
spend one’s lifetime in…
in all parts of the world.
世界各地
this world 今世
that world 黄泉
every country of the world 世界各国

2. In 1948, he went to Lake Kivu in the Cango to observe a new volcano which he later named Kituro.
to observe a new volcano
to do 不定式作目的状语，
which 引导定语从句修饰volcano
observe (see, look, watch, read)
1）v. 观察，观测，
Eg: Observe how I do this.
注意看注意看我怎样做 (这件事)
2）v. 遵守<规则等> ( obey)
Eg: observe the traffic regulations
遵守交通规则

3. Tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting violently.
1）set up 竖立，架起；创立，建立
Eg: They set up some stones as land marks．
他们竖起一些石头当地标。
Eg:He set up a company when he was only 17 .
在他17岁的时候就创立了一家公司。
2）close to 离……很近，与……靠近
Eg: He parked the car close to the river. (near)
Eg: Don’t sit so close to the fire.
3） while erupting violently

4. Though he managed to take a number of brilliant photographs, he could not stay near the volcano for very long.
managed to do sth 设法做成某事
a number of +pl. 许多，大量
a great many + pl.
a good many + pl.
many a + single[c]
区别： the number of 表示 …….的数量 后面要用is

5. He noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him.
1) notice that + 宾语从句 注意到……
Eg: When he took off his hat, I noticed that he was very bald.
2) notice /see/hear/watch sb. do/doing sth.
Eg: I noticed a strange man going towards me.
我发觉一个陌生男人正向我走来。
3) a river of liquid rock. 一股岩浆，暗喻的修辞手法，把岩浆比喻成河流
a river of soil and stone
泥石流
Eg: Rivers of blood flowed during World war II.
在二战中，血流成河。
Eg: When she heard the news, a river of tears came down her face.
当她听说了这个消息，眼泪如河水般从她脸上流下。

6. It threatened to surround him completely, but Tazieff managed to escape just in time.
threaten to ...迫近（尤指不好的事情），预示危险
eg: The clouds threaten to rain.
乌云预示要下雨了
surround v. 包围
be surrounded with / by 被包围
just in time 刚好，及时
just
1) 恰好，正当
just then =just at that time 正好那时
Just look ! 用于祈使句以缓和语气
2) 仅仅 （only ）
Eg: I was just a child then.
Eg: I've come here just to see you.
我来这里只是为了看你

7. He waited until the volcano became quiet and he was able to return two days later.
was able to 表示成功做成某事
was able to return 成功的返回了

8. This time, he managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures.
managed to climb into 成功爬进
manage to do sth. 设法做到某事,努力完成某事（虽然很费劲，但仍然做到/完成某事）
try to do sth. 设法做某事，努力做某事 （但并不一定成功）
so that 以便于(目的状语从句)
eg: Bring it nearer so that I may see it better．
拿近一些，好让我看得更清楚些。
eg: He saved his money so that he might go abroad in his summer holiday．
他把钱积蓄起来，以便暑期能出国度假。
climb into / climb out of
climb +n. 攀爬
climb up 爬上
climb down 爬下
the mouth of Kituro 基图罗火山口
the mouth of a tunnel 隧道口
the mouth of a bottle 瓶口
from mouth to mouth 人传人地
have a big mouth 嘴不严，说话无顾忌
keep one's mouth shut 守口如瓶
measure v 测量
measure temperature 测量温度
measure a piece of land 测量一块地
measure the speed of a car 测定车速
temperature 气温，温度
at a low temperature 在很低的温度下
take one's temperature 测量体温
have/ run a temperature 发烧

9. Tazieff has often risked his life in this way .
risk
1. v. 冒险
risk +n. 以...作为赌注
eg. He risked all his fortune for the new enterprise.
risk doing sth 冒险做某事
eg. I'll risk being punished.
risk one’s life 冒着生命危险
eg: She risked her own life to help a disabled man.
她冒着生命危险来帮助一个残疾人
take a risk of… 冒着……的危险
eg:Taking the risk of being killed, he still didn’t say anything.
冒着被杀害的危险,他仍然什么也没有说。
risk doing sth. 冒着危险做……
eg: You're taking a big risk showing this to Ken.
你把这个给Ken看太冒险了。
2. n. 危险
at any risk 无论冒什么危险
run a risk 冒险
take a risk
reduce the risk of sth 减少...的危险

10. He has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive.
tell sb sth 告诉某人某事
eg: Can you tell me anything about it ?
tell a story 讲故事
eg: Please tell us a story.
tell the time 报时
eg: Can you tell the time in English?
tell the truth 说实话
eg: I want you to tell me the truth.
Tell a lie 说谎
eg: He often tells lies
tell a secret 告诉一个秘密
eg: If you promise not to tell anyone, I'll tell you a secret.

6.any man alive
7.manage to do sth.
8.set up his camp
9.active volcano
10.measure temperatures

【关键词组摘录】
1.spend his lifetime studying
2.in all parts of the world
3.a river of liquid rock
4.in time
5.risk one’s life
Key structures
1. manage to ... 的用法
1. managed to do / was able to 表示一个动作成功地完成了
He was able to leave Europe before the war began.
= He managed to leave Europe before the war began.
战争开始之前他得以离开欧洲
He didn't agree with me at first but I was able to /managed to persuade him.
他起初不同意我，但我说服了他
2. Can/could, be able to, manage to do 表能力
现在：can, am/ is/ are able to
将来：will be able to
过去： could表过去的能力，不表示是否做
was/were able to表示过去有能力做并成功做了
managed to do sth.在表示成功地完成过去某个动作时，经常代替be able to，它更强调“虽然困难很大，但仍然”。在否定句中，manage与be able to经常可以互换。
举例说明
Jane can’t swim yet. She’ll be able to swim in a few month’s time.
He thought he could pass the exam easily, but he failed.
The math problems were hard but I was able to work it out.
He managed to finish the job yesterday(暗示克服了)
What do you think of the film?
I’m afraid I haven’t managed to/ been able to see it yet.

Special difficulties
Say & tell 的区别和用法
1. Say
1) “说，讲”
后面不跟间接宾语（人）。如果一定要说明，则用“to+名词、代词”。
2)“道别”
say good bye
3)“表达（思想、意见等）”、“据说”
Do you have anything to say about the accident?
John is said to be very interested in art.
2. Tell
1)表示“说，讲”，后跟双宾语
tell sb. sth.
2)“辨别，分辨”
tell the difference between
-可编辑-