2022-2023学年上海市鲁迅中学英语高三第一学期期末学业质量监测模拟试题含解析.doc

2022-2023高三上英语期末模拟试卷
注意事项
1．考生要认真填写考场号和座位序号。
2．试题所有答案必须填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。第一部分必须用2B 铅笔作答；第二部分必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答。
3．考试结束后，考生须将试卷和答题卡放在桌面上，待监考员收回。

第一部分 （共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）
1．—Look! Mary is crazily looking for something again!
— _____ , she can’t find her keys.
A．Typically B．Occasionally C．Accordingly D．Particularly
2．— Don't put the waste on the ground, young man.
— Oh, I'm sorry. I ______ the dustbin there.
A．hadn't seen   B．haven’t seen　  
  C．didn't see    D．wasn't seeing
3．--Jassy , you speak Chinese so fluently!
--- ______.
You are lying, I have to say. B． Thanks a lot for saying so.
C． That’s none of your business. D． I can’t agree more.
4．_____ here, come and have a cup of tea.
A．Passing B．To pass C．Pass D．Having passed
5．一"Peter, have you got your new flat furnished?
—Yes. I ______ some used furniture and it was a real bargain.
A．will buy B．have bought C．bought D．had bought
6．—Why are you so upset?
—I had my computer repaired yesterday, but it ________ work again.
A．doesn’t B．didn’t
C．won’t D．wouldn’t
7．In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in ________, knives and forks.
A．another B．other
C．others D．the other
8．Top graduates from universities are ________ by major companies.
A．chased B．registered
C．offered D．compromised
9．Sally likes going to school ______ she has got many good friends there.
A．or B．because C．unless D．so
10．The survey shows that speed at least 30 percent of road traffic and deaths.
A．contributes to
B．results from
C．lies in
D．relies on
11．一When he know the result of today’s job interview?
一In a couple of days．
A．should B．may C．shall D．must
12．In time we reached a stage we had more young readers than old ones．
A．where B．how C．who D．what
13．The new playground to be built next year will be ____________ the old one.
A．as three times big as B．three times as big as
C．as big as three times D．as big three times as
14．______ the students were hearing the exciting news!
A．How happily B．What a fun C．What pleasure D．How pleased
15．You should set a goal and see ________ you can achieve it in the coming exam.
A．which B．what
C．whether D．when
16．Li Hua ____ his money for dollars before he went on a holiday in America.
A．exchanges B．has exchanged
C．will exchange D．had exchanged
17．Scientists have come to the conclusion ___________ the temperature on Earth is getting higher and higher.
A．What B．that
C．which D．when
18．Once published, the novel was a(n) success and was soon translated into nine foreign languages.
A．occasional B．instant
C．constant D．individual
19．—I’m burnt out as I’ve been working on my essay all the time.
— ____________. You’ll surely make it.
A．Don’t put on airs B．Give me a break
C．Don’t get on my nerve D．Hang in there
20．— He made an apology be blamed what he had done.
— It's really wise of him.
A．so as to not; of B．in order to not; for
C．so as not to; for D．in order not to; of
第二部分 阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
21．（6分） Stephen Hawking’s final fear was that DNA manipulation would lead to a master race of superhumans. The physicist, who died aged 76 in March, 2018, thought the development could destroy the rest of human beings. His last prediction is revealed in a new book of his collected articles and essays called Brief Answers to Big Questions.
Hawking feared rich people would soon be able to edit their children’s DNA to improve attributes like memory and disease immunity. And he said that would pose a crisis for the rest of the world even if politicians tried to illegalize the practice. In an extract (摘录) published by The Sunday Times, he wrote: “I am sure that during this century people will discover how to modify both intelligence and instincts such as aggression. “Laws will probably be passed against genetic engineering with humans. But some people won’t be able to resist the temptation to improve human characteristics, such as memory, resistance to disease and length of life.” And he said that would cause huge problems for humans who have not undergone the same process, leaving them unable to compete. The professor even warned it could lead to the extinction of humanity as we know it. He said of normal humans: “Presumably they will die out, or become unimportant. Instead, there will be a race of self-designing beings who are improving at an ever-increasing rate.” The Brief History of Time author also refers to techniques like Crispr, which enables scientists to modify harmful genes and add in others. And although such procedures could be a boost for medical science, some critics are worried that they could cause a eugenics-style (优生方式) movement, where the weak are weeded out of society.
The new book, published by Hodder & Stoughton on Tuesday, also collects his writings on what he thought were the big questions facing science and wider society. In it, he examines whether aliens exist, colonize space and whether humans will ever go beyond our Solar System.
1、Stephen Hawking’s views don’t include _________.
A．DNA manipulation could lead to the extinction of human beings.
B．There exist techniques to modify harmful genes and add in good genes.
C．People cannot resist the temptation to improve human characteristics.
D．Humans who haven’t undergone genetic engineering may die out.
2、Which one is the hook published by Hodder & Stoughton?
A．Brief Answers to Questions. B．The Sunday Times.
C．The Brief History of Time. D．Solar System.
3、What’s Stephen Hawking’s attitude towards human genetic engineering?
A．Supportive. B．Impartial. C．Favorable. D．Concerned.
4、What does the text mainly want to tell us?
A．Crispr can enable scientists to get harmful genes changed.
B．DNA manipulation will create a master race of superhumans.
C．Humans will colonize space and go beyond our Solar System.
D．DNA manipulation may lead to the extinction of human beings.
22．（8分）As millions of Americans crowd into the gym armed with New Year’s resolutions to get in shape, medical experts are offering an additional reason for exercise: Regular workouts may help fight off colds and flu, reduce the risk of certain cancers and chronic diseases and slow the process of aging.
Physical activities have long been known to help maintain a healthy weight and reduce stress. Now, a growing body of research is showing that regular exercise—as simple as a brisk 30-to-45-minute walk five times a week—can boost the body’s immune system, increasing the circulation of natural killer cells that fight off viruses and bacteria. And exercise has been shown to improve the body’s response to the influenza vaccine (疫苗), making it more effective at keeping the virus at bay.
Medical experts warn inactivity poses as great a health risk as smoking, resulting in heart disease, cancer, depression, and diabetes. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says quite a few U.S. adults do not engage in any leisure-time physical activity.
Even slim people who are inactive are at high risk of death and disease. So while reducing obesity is an important goal, “the better message would be to get everyone to walk 30 minutes a day” says Robert Sallis, co-director of sports medicine at Fontana Medical Center. “We find it necessary to refocus the national message on physical activity, which can have a bigger effect on health than losing weight.”
Regular exercise has been shown to prevent the ongoing damage done to cells, tissues and organs that underlies many chronic conditions. Building on that earlier research, scientific studies are now suggesting that exercise-induced changes in the body’s immune system may protect against some forms of cancer.
Researchers are also investigating whether exercise can influence aging in the body. In particular, they are looking at whether exercise lengthens telomeres, the strands of DNA at the tips of chromosomes. When telomeres get too short, cells can no longer divide and they become inactive, a process associated with aging, cancer and a higher risk of death.
A study, published in Circulation, the medical journal of the American Heart Association, concluded that physical activity has an anti-aging effect at the cellular level, suggesting exercise could prevent aging of the cardiovascular(心脑血管) system.
The guidelines, developed by the Department of Health and Human Services, recommend that adults get at least two hours and 30 minutes weekly of moderate-intensity aerobic(有氧的) physical activity, or one hour and 15 minutes a week of vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise, or an equivalent combination of both. The guidelines also say that additional health benefits can be obtained from as much as doubling the minimum recommendation for aerobic exercise.
1、What is the main purpose of many Americans who take exercise?
A．To have a good figure. B．To make them strong-minded.
C．To cure some common diseases. D．To prevent themselves getting old.
2、It can be inferred from the passage that __________.
A．natural killer cells strengthen the body’s immune system
B．regular exercise can remove the viruses and bacteria
C．obesity has become a social problem in America
D．American people need to attach more importance to physical exercise
3、How can physical activity stop aging?
A．By preventing cell division. B．By getting rid of aging cells.
C．By making telomeres longer. D．By repairing the damaged organs.
4、What might be the best title for the passage?
A．New Studies about Physical Exercise B．The Hidden Benefits of Exercise
C．How to Free Ourselves from Diseases? D．Lose Weight or Keep Healthy?
23．（8分）A good mother is someone who would sacrifice everything for her children. It is common to hear parents saying, “How could you do this to me after all the sacrifices that I have made for you?”Most parents are driven by love. It is equally common to find children answering, “When did I ever ask you to sacrifice for me?”There is often a grain of truth in children’s words. The truth usually hurts.
Parents often confuse selfless love with sacrifice. In fact, the former is a self-serving act driven by one’s desire to live up to one’s standards. To sacrifice means to relinquish things of high value for the sake of another thing that one considers being of great value. That sounds so negative. However, self serving isn’t necessarily negative. It is human to act out of their desire to seek pleasure and avoid pain. To love one’s children essentially means accepting them unconditionally. It follows that full acceptance of the children is usually possible only when parents fully accept themselves. It is no secret that loving the children begins with loving themselves.
The sacrifices they make for their children are countless, and I’ve tried to put some of those sacrifices here. After becoming a parent, a couple’s life is centered on their little kids. Suddenly the baby tops the list of all relationships. Some friends and family members drift apart from parents emotionally. A kid demands undivided attention till he or she becomes independent.
Many parents suffer relationship issues because they spend most of their time either working or caring for kids, which causes a fading emotional connection between couples. In terms of career, most of the time, a mother makes sacrifices. Many parents take up jobs that allow them to spend more time with their kids. Some parents usually give up on their favorite foods just to buy foods for their kids. Holiday plans are decided by kids’ education.
Parents have unconditional love for kids. A parent never retires. As a daughter, and a mother, the more I go through parenting, the more I owe an apology to my parents because of their selfless love.
1、According to Paragraph 1, what can we know from children’s answer?
A．They don’t feel grateful to their parents.
B．They. don’t know how to satisfy their parents.
C．They hide their true feelings from their parents.
D．They are not old enough to understand their parents.
2、What does the underlined word “relinquish”in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Clear.
B．Protect.
C．Give up.
D．Find out.
3、There are sometimes some problems between parents because ________.
A．they just think about themselves
B．they don’t care about each other at all
C．they spend little time looking after kids
D．they are less connected to each other emotionally
4、What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Many kids don’t treat their parents well.
B．Parents make great sacrifices for their children.
C．Children and parents should respect each other.
D．Couples have many problems after having kids.
24．（8分）If you look on the Internet, you will see that almost every day of the year celebrates some kind of food. These “holidays” have become very popular across the United States. They often are trending stories on Twitter, and described in the U.S. media. They give people a chance to enjoy something they might not eat normally, like National Onion Ring Day, for example.Food holidays also give restaurants and other businesses a chance to promote their products.
But where did these distinctly American “holidays” come from?
Many are the invention of an Alabama man, John-Bryan Hopkins. He writes about food for his F website.Hopkins told Time magazine that when he began his site in 2006, there were only 175 “holidays.” “I filled in the rest,” he said. Some of his favorites are National Oreo Cookie Day on March 6 and National Tater Tot Day on February 2.
The National Day Calendar has a list of all the different food and non-food related “holidays.” In the past, the website used to let anyone create their own day -- for a price. But now, the site only accepts requests from businesses and other organizations.
While some food “holidays” are indeed made-up, many have historical roots. For example, National Beer Day on April 7 marks the end of a U.S. ban on the production, transport, import and sale of alcoholic drinks. The ban lasted from 1920 until 1933. The Salvation Army, a Christian group, launched U.S. National Doughnut Day on June 1, 1938. It was meant to honor women who served soldiers doughnuts during World War I.
But not everyone likes food holidays.Bethany Jean Clement is a food writer for the Seattle Times newspaper.She wrote, “I get that some people might be excited by, say, National Doughnut Day.But you really can have a doughnut any day you want!”
Tavi Juarez, of F, thinks national food holidays are here to stay. She told the Seattle Times, “In my humble opinion, I believe that food holidays will continue to grow in popularity online. Because there’s a lot of negativity out there, why not choose to celebrate food instead?”
1、What can we learn about food holidays from Paragraph 1？
A．People can enjoy their favorite food on the holidays.
B．Restaurants will make much money during the holidays.