高考书面表达精讲精练专题（已改好）1.doc

高考书面表达精讲精练专题
资中外语组唐勇编写
高考英语作文应注意哪些点
1．尽量用短句，慎用长句。
2.多用高级词汇，避免误用。
3.字迹清晰，尤其注意要工整，不能涂改，必须打草稿。
4.多留意范文的开头与结尾。注意借鉴
5.注意总结，对各种类型的文章最好能背上一二篇范文
如何算是一篇好的文章？
• 1、覆盖了所有的要点。
• 2、应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。（词汇、句型【高级】和语法多样化【较复杂】）
• 3、有效的使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑，行文连贯，条理清楚。
考场作文TIPS
¢ 一，取悦评卷人
¢ 有清晰的整体脉络
¢ 有自然的段间衔接
¢ 经典的用词用句
¢ 有整齐美观的书写
¢ 二，润色文章原则
¢ 用词“老辣”
¢ 用句经典: 倒装、强调、虚拟
¢ 名人名言
高考作文评分细目
1.对内容的要求
全面
2.对句式的要求
多样
3.对词汇的要求
丰富
4.对语篇的要求
流畅，顺畅的连接和转折
5.对书写的要求
正确，工整
6.对目的的要求
符合写作要求
1. 英语书面表达考查的是考生的综合能力。一篇好的书面表达不仅是紧扣主题、要点齐全、意思连续，还要应用较多的语法结构和词汇。使用复杂句式，可增强写作效果。高考常见书面表达句式结构，主要有以下几种：
一、简单句、并列句、复合句错落有致，增加文章节奏感。
1．我对你取得的进步感到吃惊。
a. You have made progress. I'm amazed at that. ( 简单句 )
b. You have made progress and I'm amazed at that. (并列句 )
c. I'm amazed at the progress you've made. (2009 湖北) (定语从句)
2．大家都知道，中国是一个历史悠久的国家。
a. It is well known. China is a country with a long history. (简单句)
b. China is a country with a long history and it is well known. (并列句)
c. It's well known that China is a country with a long history. (2009 山东) (主语从句)
二、被动语态的使用。主动为主，被动为辅，使句式表达多样化。
1．如图所示，其中许多学生都戴眼镜。
a. Most of the students are wearing glasses. You can see that in the picture.
b. As can be seen in the picture, most of the students are wearing glasses. (2007天津)
2．她们一到那里，李月和张华就受到了热烈欢迎。
a. Upon their arrival, they warmly welcomed Li Yue and Zhang Hua.
b. Upon their arrival, Li Yue and Zhang Hua were warmly welcomed. (2009 浙江)
三、使用短语使句式简练。
1．令我高兴的是，父亲把我送到一所著名的医院去体验护理工作。
a. I felt delighted. My father sent me to a famous hospital to experience nursing.
b. To my delight, my father sent me to a famous hospital to experience nursing. (2009上海)（短语）
2．大约在下午一点钟，Tracy打来了电话。
a. At about 1 o'clock this afternoon,Tracy called.
b. At about 1 o'clock this afternoon,Tracy made a phone call. (2009全国I)(短语)
四、it的使用 it代替动词不定式、动名词、从句等，作形式主语或形式宾语。
1．我认为保护和美化我们的环境是我们的职责。
a. In my opinion, it is our duty to protect and beautify our environment.
b. We feel it's our duty to protect and beautify our environment. (2009 年北京 ) (it作形式主语)
2．我认为，通过和大家一起生活，对学习共同生活是有教育意义的。
a. In my opinion, it is instructive to learn to live together by living together.
b. I think it instructive to learn to live together by living together. (2008福建) (it作形式宾语)
五、非谓语 不定式、过去分词、现在分词及动名词的使用，可使句式多样化。
1．我想申请护理工作，当一名护士。以便能提高护理水平。
a. I want to apply for nursing and become a nurse. And I want to improve my nursing.
b. In order to improve my nursing, I want to apply for nursing and become a nurse.
(2009上海) (不定式短语作目的状语)
2．鼠标是一个有用的装置。人们用它来和电脑进行对话。
a. The mouse is a most effective device.It is used by people to communicate with a
computer.
b. The mouse is a most effective device used by people to communicate with a computer. (2009 江苏)(过去分词短语作定语)
3．看见一个年轻老师进了教室，我的学生开始吵闹起来。
a. When my students saw a young teacher enter the classroom, they began to make noises.
b. Seeing a young teacher enter the classroom, my students began to make more noises. (2009 湖南 )(现在分词短语作状语)
4．感谢你给我寄来的信。在信中你询问改建后的前门大街的情况。
a. Thank you for your letter. In it you asked about the rebuilt Qianmen Street.
b. Thank you for your letter asking about the rebuilt Qianmen Street. (2009全国II)（现在分词短语作定语）
六、从句 定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句的使用，可体现扎实的语法功底。
1．定语从句
1)我们要做的主要的事，就是到农场帮农民摘苹果。
a. We will do the main thing. We will help farmers pick apples on the farm.
b. The main thing we will do is to help farmers pick apples on the farm. (2009 辽宁)(限制性定语从句)
2) 我经常浏览你们的网站，从那里我知道你们正在征集讨论话题。
a. I often visit your website, and from it I know that you are collecting topics for discussion.
b. I often visit your website, from which I know that you are collecting topics for dis-
eussion. (2009 重庆 ) (介词提前的定语从句)
2．状语从句
1)到了志愿者们离开的时候，老人对他们的好意表示感谢。
a. It was time for the volunteers to leave.The elderly people thanked them for their kindness.
b. When it was time for the volunteers to leave, the elderly people thanked them for their kindness.(2009浙江) (时间状语从句)
2)现在我很兴奋，非常想和你一起分享这次难忘的经历。
a. Now I am excited. I can't wait to share with you an unforgettable experience.
b. Now I'm so excited that I can't wait to share with you an unforgettable experience.
(2009湖北) (结果状语从句)
3．名词性从句
1)你的心情好坏其实由你自己决定。
a. Do you have a good mood or a bad mood? It depends on yourseff indeed.
b. Whether you have a good mood or a bad mood depends on yourself indeed. (2009
江西) (主语从句)
2)我想，我一定能学会如何处理严重事故。
a. I 'm sure to learn how to deal with the serious accident. I must say it.
b. I must say that I'm sure to learn how to deal with the serious accident. (2009上海)(宾语从句)
3)你真正想说的是：这些天你没事可做。
a. You have nothing to do these days.You were really trying to say that.
b. What you were really trying to say is that you've nothing to do these days. (2009湖北) (表语从句)
七、倒装语序 可增强说服力
1．通过这种方法我能获得更多的自信。
a. I can gain more confidence in this way.
b. Only in this way can I gain more confidence. (2009 福建) (介词短语提前)
2．我们很少知道国内外发生了什么事。
a. We seldom know what is happening both at home and abroad.
b. Seldom do we know what is happening both at home and abroad. (2008陕西) (否定副词提前)
八、强调结构 用It is……that……句型或用助动词进行强调，突出语意。
1、父母喜欢我们陪伴他们，不是我们送的礼物。
a. Our parents enjoy our company not our gifts.
b. It is our company not our gifts that our parents enjoy. (2006江西) (It is......that......句型 )
2. 我感到很累，需要好好休息。
a. I need a good rest because I do feel tired.
b. A good rest is needed because I do feel tired. (2007 四川),(用助动词do表示强调)(省略主语I，改为祁使句)
九、省略结构 达到言简意赅的效果。
1．希望你能找到一份好工作。
a. I hope that you will find a good job.
b. Hope you will find a good job. (2009湖北)(省略主语I，改为祈使句)
2．所以我想，无论何时，无论何地，只要有可能，我就选择微笑。
a. So I want to smile whenever and wherever it is possible.
b. So I want to smile whenever and wherever possible. (2009福建)(省略it is)
十、祈使句 引起读者注意。
1．如果你认为你不能和他们谈谈，你可以给父母写一封信。
a. If you don't think you car talk to them, you can write them a letter.
b. If you don't think you can talk to them, write them a letter and leave it lying
around. (2009安徽) (省略主语you，改从句为祈使句)
十一、感叹句 表示强调
1．现在我很高兴。
a. I am very delighted now.
b. How delighted I am now! (2009 湖南)
十二、突出形容词、副词的作用 常见的有形容词作状语、形容词接不定式、形容词接从句，副词用在句首等。
1．既着急又担心，他们两个都盯着门。
a. They were anxious and worried. They both focus their eyes on the door.
b. Anxious and worried, they both focus their eyes on the door. (2006江西) (句首形容词作状语)
2．我很高兴收到你的来信，欢迎你七月份到中国来。
a. I'm glad to hear from you and you're welcome to China in July.
b. Glad to hear from you and you're welcome to China in July. (2009 四川) (形容词接不定式)
3．我要指出你的一个错误。
a. I will point out one mistake of yours.
b. I'm afraid there is one mistake I'd like to point out. (2009湖北)(形容词接从句，省略that)
十三、过渡词语的作用and, but, so,or, however, therefore, besides, as a resuit, what's more, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also..., in my opinion等连接成分的使用，使文章通顺，过渡自然。
1．在你们国家住了半年，我生活愉快，英语学习也取得了很大的进步。
a. I lived a happy life. I made great progress in my English study in your country
for half a year.
b. I lived a happy life and made great progress in my English study in your country
for half a year. (2009山东)(并列连词and )
2．这是我们的第一次选举。大家很兴奋。
a. This is our first election. Everyone was excited.
b. This is our first election, so everyone was excited. (2007北京)(并列连词so)
3．你应该使用“无所事事”
a. You should use “无所事事”.
b. In that ease, you should use "无所事事". (2009湖北) (过渡成分in that case)
十四、with复合结构、独立主格 体现深厚的语法功底。
1．春天来临，人们将开展各种各样的活动。
a. When the Spring Festival is drawing near, people will hold all varieties of activi-
ties.
b. With the Spring Festival drawing near, people will hold all varieties of activities.
( 2009山东) (with 复合结构 )
2．当所有的活儿都干完了，他们就坐在院子里和老人聊聊天。
a. When everything was done, they sat in the yard chatting with the elderly people.
b. Everything done, they sat in the yard chatting with the elderly people. (2009 浙江)(独立主格)
十五、引用谚语，习语等。谚语、习语的使用，增加文采。
1．如果能“入乡随俗”，那么你在这里就能逗留得愉快。
If you "Do as the Romans do when in Rome", you'll enjoy more of your stay here.
(2009四川) (谚语)
2．我们都知道，有一个著名的谚语：态度决定一切。
It is known to us all that there is a famous saying "Everything depends on one's attitude". (2009江西 ) (谚语)
3．好久不见。
Long time no see! (2009湖南) (习惯用语)
十六、虚拟语气 提出建议，委婉表达，易于接受。
1．他建议在校学生应避免用眼过度，多参加户外活动。
a. He made a suggestion. School children should avoid overuse of their eyes and do
more outdoor activities.
b. He suggested that school children avoid overuse of their eyes and do more outdoor activ!ties. (2009广东) (用动词suggest引导虚拟语气)
2．如果你能多做些家务活，比如，扫地、洗衣服、做饭等，情况会更好。
a. You can share more of the housework, such as cleaning, washing and cooking.
b. It's even better if you could share more of the housework, such as cleaning,washing and cooking. (2009陕西) (用 if 引导虚拟语气)
十七、运用修辞 排比句式，琅琅上口中，增强表达效果；比喻句，通俗易懂，富有文采。
1．我明白，从护理中我能学到很多的东西，比如：如何照顾病人，如何为病人服务，以及如何给病人提供帮助等等。
a. I think I can learn so much from nursing, for example, how to take care of patients,how to serve patients, and how to give a patient's aid and so on. (2009上海)(排比)
2．生活就像一面镜子。你对它微笑，它也向你回报微笑。
a. Life is like a mirror, if you smile at it, it will smile back to you. (2009 江西)(比喻)
高考真题检测（一句多译，变换句式）：
1．下次，你可以试着用汉语给我写信。
2．上中学的时候，我学到了一些医学知识。
3．爱迪生，生于美国，是一个伟大的科学家和发明家。
4．我认为，仅仅送给父母贵重的礼物是不对的。
5．大街长800余米，300余家商铺。
6．那两本你让我还给城市图书馆的书，我已经带来了。
7．他们说那是一个美好的日子，他们要永远记住。
8．我站在讲台上，很窘迫，不知该怎么做。
9．他们所做的事给别人带来了快乐，也丰富了他们自己的生活。
10．只有通过这种办法，我们才能有充沛的精力更加努力地学习。
参考答案
1. a. Try and write me in Chinese next time. (2008全国II)
b. You may try to write me in Chinese next time.
c. It is a good idea for you to try to write me in Chinese next time.
2. a. When I was in middle school, I learnt some medicine knowledge. (2009上海)
b. As a middle school student, I learnt some medicine knowledge.
c. Studying in a middle school, I learnt some medicine knowledge.
3. a. Born in America, Edison was a great scientist and inventor. (2008湖南)
b. Edison was bom in America, and he was a great scientist and inventor.
c. Edison, who was born in America, was a great scientist and inventor.
4. a. I don't think it good only to provide our parents with expensive gifts. (2006江西)
b. In my opinion, it is not good only to provide our parents with expensive gifts.
c. We only provide our parents with expensive gifts, which is not good.
d. We only provide our parents with expensive gifts, but it is not good.
5. a. Along this 800-meter street, there are more than 300 shops. (2009全国II)
b. 'l his street is 800 meters long, along which are more than 300 shops.
c. This street is 800 meters long, and along it are more than 300 shops.
d. More than 300 shops are along this 800-meter street.
6. a. I have taken with me the two books you asked me to return to the City Library. (2009 全国I)
b. I have taken with me the two books,which you asked me to return to the City Li brary.
c. You asked me to return the two books to the City Library, and / so I have taken them with me.
7. a. They said it was such a beautiful day that they would remember it forever. (2009 浙江)
b. They said such a beautiful day was it that they would remember it forever.
c. They said it was a beautiful day, which they would remember forever.
d. They said it was a beautiful day and they would remember it forever.
8. a I stood on the platform, feeling embarrassed and not knowing what to do. (2009湖南)
b. I stood on the platform, felt embarrassed and didn't know what to do.
c. I stood on the platform, and I felt so embarrassed that I didn't know what to do.
9. a. What they did has brought joy to others and enriched their own lives. (2009浙江)
b. What they did has not only brought joy to others but also enriched their own lives.
c. What they did brought joy to others.And it also enriched their lives.
10. a. Only in this way can we have enough energy to study better. (2006福建)
b. We can have enough energy to study better in this way.
如何写好英语书面表达
英语高考卷进一步加深了对学生书面表达能力和运用英语知识去解决实际问题能力的考查力度.写作分数为25分。字数为120个字左右。从前年开始，写作对考生的思维表达空间要求骤然增长，不再局限于前几年的详细提示，这就要求考生必须使用更多的词汇和句型，得具有更高的谋篇布局和连贯的能力。在复习中要转变思想，对作文重新认识。
这对考生来说是一个不小的挑战。冰冻三尺非一日之寒。因此，注意在平时下大力气培养提高写作能力至关重要。在进行书面表达训练时，应注意以下几点：
一、认真审题，把握文章体裁，格式，时态，人称。
审题是写好文章的关键、基础。考生对写什么，怎么写，在头脑中必须有一个清晰的思路。首先要弄清楚题目要求、写作意图，抓住内容要点，确定体裁，明确人称与时态，构思框架、层次等。
作文题材有记叙文、说明文、议论文、故事、应用文（如：书信、日记、便条、通知）等。记叙文、日记用过去时。议论文多用一般现在时。通知用将来时。说明文、书信的时态比较灵活，要酌情而定。看图作文如果没有“I”，用第三人称。
二、作文的“龙头”和“凤尾”
1、  开门见山，一言中的。
“龙头”可以在一定程度上反映出作者驾驭材料的能力，也可以让人耳目一新。英文的写作规范是开门见山，直接点题。东、西方具有不同的思维方式。我们中国人谈话时一般延迟话题介绍，采用一种归纳式思维模式。而西方人一般在谈话开始引出话题，采用的是演绎式思维摸式。在用英语写作时，有些学生采用汉语的段落发展方法，却不知道这种结构很难被读者所认可，这样的作文很有可能被认为文理不通、画蛇添足、甚至是离题万里。在表达思想时，英语民族的思维更直截了当，他们习惯把要点放在前面说出，然后把次要的信息一一补充进去。例如：英汉两民族的学生同样向美国某大学写一封申请奖学金的信，英国民族的学生喜欢单刀直入，在首段便说；“I would like to apply for a university scholarship”,而中国学生大多喜欢将这句话放在中间或最后点出。等于绕了个圈子后再回到主题上,结果事与愿违。
2、结尾有力，干净利索
和“龙头”一样，“凤尾”也可以反映出作者总揽全文的能力，同时，它也应该是控制字数，画龙点睛之笔。一定不要“添枝加叶随意发挥延伸”。好的结尾应该照应全文，总结全篇，干净利索，使全文结构紧凑。
例如：（2006年浙江卷）In a word, to read the original work is better than to see the film based on it.
例如：（2006年湖南卷） 标题为：My Teacher Mr.More
范文开头Of all my teachers, Mr.More is the one who impressed me most. Though he is 34,he looks very young for his age. And he is one of the most popular teachers in our school.
范文结尾He is such a learned teacher that we all admire him very much.
范文首尾呼应，完全可以说是“龙头凤尾”。
三、选词准确，搭配得当。
   “语法结构和词汇选用恰当、丰富”是高考第一档次作文的要求之一。英语词语搭配是我国学生学英语最棘手的地方。如果不注意英语和汉语的语言差异，很容易出错。许多学生语言基本功欠缺，作文中往往出现关键词语用错、搭配不当。如“找工作”写成“find a job ”, “价格太贵”写成“The price is too expensive .”把“学习知识”翻译成learn knowledge 其实这是很不地道，应该用acquire, gain, obtain, gather等词汇与knowledge搭配：而learn只能与某一学科搭配使用。“ Mary won Jane in the speech contest.”中的“won ”应改为“beat”。“win”和“beat ”都可表示“赢”，但“赢了一场比赛”应用“win”，而“赢了某人”则应用“beat”。此类错误会直接降低作文的档次，因此平时的训练中要特别注意要求学生不要孤立地记单词，要重视词汇的习惯搭配。这样可以杜绝写作中词不达意，甚至错误百出的现象。
除此之外，学生还应避免在一篇文章中反复使用同一词语，而要用不同的单词和词组表达同样的意思。例如表达“不同的”可用different, various, “喜欢”可用like, enjoy, be fond of, appreciate，“五岁的女孩”可以表达为a five-year-old girl, a girl of five, a girl aged five如此表达有异曲同工之妙。
四、注重结构，活用复杂句型
高考的书面表达要求写大约十个句子。如果一直使用一个主语，都用简单句，就显得非常单调乏味。而有些学生担心自己因冒险使用复杂结构而失分，于是为了安全便不敢大胆尝试复杂句式，这势必遏制学生英语表达能力的发挥。目前的高考作文的第五档、第四档中都对句子结构有了更高的要求。因此，写作中不仅要使用简洁短小的句子，还要鼓励学生适当使用三两个结构较为复杂的句型。从句式上力求多样化，如强调句、倒装句、各种从句及常用句型与长短句交互使用，丰富自己的表现力，同样的意思尽量用多种方法表达.进行书面表达训练时，应注意一些复杂句式的相互转换。
例如On the other side , where the playground used to be , now stands another new building , our building.此句中倒装的运用使文章显得灵活多样。
例如：直到他妈妈来了男孩才不哭了。
The boy didn’t stop crying until his mother came.
It was not until his mother came that the boy stopped crying.
Not until his mother came did the boy stopped crying.
例如：总统亲自出席会议给了他们极大的鼓励。
The president attended the meeting himself and gave the soldiers a great deal of encouragement.
The president attended the meeting himself, which gave the soldiers a great deal of encouragement.（非限制性定语从句）
The president attended the meeting himself, giving the soldiers a great deal of encouragement.（现在分词做状语）
 The president’s attending the meeting himself gave the soldiers a great deal of encouragement.(动名词做主语)
 That the president attended the meeting himself gave the soldiers a great deal of encouragement.（that 引导的主语从句）
同样一句话多种表达方法。这种情况在英语中是很常见的。学生平时多接触这类句型的转换，自然就不会望而生畏。考试时可以根据自己的实际情况，扬长避