人教版高一英语必修3讲义unit4.doc

Unit 4 Astronmy: the science of the stars
Ⅰ. New words and expressions(P97-98)
Ⅱ. Language points
1.system: n. 系统；体系，制度；身体；条理，秩序；方法，方法
the solar system /the Milky Way system/the railway system/an alarm system/the digestive system/the British educational ~ / a social ~ / Alcohol is bad for your~./He works without ~/a good~of teaching language.
systematic: adj系统的,有条理的/systematically(adv.)/ systematize(vt)使…系统化/有条理
Ex.①He's very____in all his does. / He does everything very_____.
②We must try to___the way we make notes. ③You'll find little____in his method of work.
④The legal____operates very differently in these countries.
⑤He claims to have a special___for winning money on horse race.
⑥The____system is only a part of the Milky Way_____.
the solar system/the solar energy the lunar new year.
2.match/suit(sb)/fit(sb) Ex.①Her shoes____her dress; they look very well together.
②—How about eight o'clock outside the cinema? —That____me fine.
③This afternoon's football____is sure to be an exciting one, for the two sides are well- .
④The marriage of them is a pure love____. (棋逢对手)
⑤I like_____of your skirt. It is____good match for your blouse.
3. interest(vt) sb/ interested/ interesting(adj)/interest: UN兴趣 CN爱好 UN利息 pl.利益
What interests me most is that… be/get/become/grow interested in…
have take/find/show/develop(a great)interest in sth./lose interest in…
to one's interest / with(great) interest / in the interests of
Ex.①What really____Shylock was the____people owed him.
②My two great____in life are music and reading. I have developed a great_____in reading.
It is believed that if a book is_____, it will surely____the readers. I grow very____in the ____books. But sometimes I lose____in some boring books.
4. the____(起源)of life/ a Frenchman____origin/the ____(源头) of the river/according to informed_____ religion(n.)/religious(adj.)
5. idea: have an/no/some/any idea of…/that… give sb an idea of…(了解)
c.f: idea 想法, 念头, 主张, 打算/ opinion 意见, 主张, 看法/impression 印象/thought (通过思考推理形成的)思想, 想法
Ex. ①What do you think of the___that we should all wear uniforms?
②Hanks spoke so forcefully that the rest had to give in to his____.
③What's your first____of this city? ④___are expressed by means of speech.
⑤My____of this weekend's activity is going out with some good friends.
6. on earth ①＝in the world 在世上 They are the best folks on earth.
②(who/what/when…疑问词后)究竟,到底 What~do you mean? / Why~didn't you tell me the truth? /on the earth 在地球上,在世界上/ in the earth 在泥土里/in the world ①在世界上 ②=on earth究竟，到底
7. exactly: adv. 精确地，确切地；恰好,正好;(表示赞同的回答)正是，确实如此
The train arrived at exactly 8 o'clock./That's ~what I expected./be exctly like…/be exactly the same / an exact(adj.) description
Ex.—People should stop using cars and start using public transport.
—___.The roads are too crowded as it is. A. All right B. Exactly C. Go ahead D. Fine.
8. 两种形式的副词：①wide(宽大地)/widely(广泛地): be ___awake/open his eyes___/with the door____open be____used/known/accepted/read
②deep(深地)/deeply(深深地) : dig___into the ground/be ____moved
③close(近地)/closely(密切地)：stand___to sb / be___related to / connected with…
④high(高地)/highly(高度地): fly____/be____praised/think____of.
⑤late(晚) /lately(近来) They came back____and had some tea. / They lived in London until quite____.
⑥free(免费)/freely 自由地
Ex. ①The___ friend____to the door____the door.(close) ②The player can jump really____, so we all speak____of him. (high)
③When we get___to nature, we find it more beautiful. He was watched____.(close)
④The old man has a ____love for the Party. She loves the Party___.(deep)
⑤A kite is flying____up in the sky. I value the book____.(high)
⑥His eyes are ___open. He travels____.(wide)
9. in the universe/in space in theory / practice: Your plan is good____, but does it work___?
10. begin/ start /end up with/as… to begin / start with a cloud of dust—团尘埃
11. direction ①方向 in all ~s /in every ~ /in the ~ of…/have a poor sense of ~
②指导 under the ~of… ③pl. 指南, 说明书 read/follow the~s
12. combine theory with(and) practice / in combination(n.)with...与…结合/联合
c.f: join sth to…The new highway has joined our village to the modern city. connect sth with…/unite…into…
Ex.①If your knowledge can be in some way____with my experience, we are sure to succeed. (joined/united/connected/combined)
②You can't____studying for your exams with a wild social life! (combine/join/compare/compete.)
13. what/which/that/as/it: ①___is important for us students is that we should make full use of time.
②___is important for us students, we should… ③___is important for…that we should…
④__we should make…is important for us students.⑤We should make…, __is important for…
14. be to do ①(将来)计划,安排,打算
The meeting is to take place tomorrow./We are to meet at the school gate at 9 o'clock.
②must/have to /should/ought to:
You are to be back by 10 o'clock. /The books you borrowed are to be returned before July 5.
I was to have returned earlier, but they managed to let me stay over the weekend.(be to have done/should (ought to) have done)
③(过去时)注定将会: They were never to meet again./He was later to regret his decision.
④(条件状从)表将来: The flowers must be watered regularly if they are to survive.
⑤表目的 The prize is to honour him for his great discovery. ⑥be to blame/let
⑦与将来事实相反的虚拟条件从句中 were to do: If we were to offer you more money, would you stay?
c.f: be about to do sth(when) 正要, 即将(不连具体时间状语)
We were about to go out when a stranger came in./The meeting is about to start.
be doing 位移动词用进行时表将来，安排好的事情 She's leaving early tomorrow morning.
be going to do sth ①(人)打算 ②(物)有迹象表明某事要发生
It's going to rain./The rope is going to break.
will ①意愿色彩的将来时 ②边说边做,说了就做
—Jane is in hospital. —I'm sorry to hear that. I will go and see her.
Ex. ①Yao Ming has become a superstar, but several years ago no one could have imagined the role on the basketball playground he___. A. has played B. played C. was to play D. plays
②—It was really very kind of you to give me a life home. —Oh, don't mention it. I___past your house anyway. A. will come B. had come C. have come D. was coming
③Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane__ . (take off/is taking off/has taken off/took off)
④—__leave at the end of this month. —I don't think you should do that until__another job.
A. I'm going to; you'd found B. I'm going to; you've foundC. I'll; you'll find D. I'll ; you'd find
⑤In a room above the store, where a party____, some workers were busily setting the table.
A. was to be held B.has been held C. will be held D. is being held.
⑥Children___play football on busy streets in case of danger. A. are not B. are not to C. are going to
15. violent: adj剧烈的, 猛烈的,强烈的;暴力的;(脾气)狂暴的,暴躁的 violently adv.
have a ____change/wind/storm/reaction/crime/death/quarrel/attack/earthquake/temper
have a violent pain in his stomach/have a violent toothache
I took a violent dislike to him./His heart was beating_____.
violence: UN暴力,暴行;侵犯,伤害,损害;激烈,猛烈; War is an act of_____./do violence to损害,粗暴对待/take by violence 强攻/夺/lay violent hands on对…行凶,向…下毒手/
The wind blew with great___/____.
Ex.① The robber laid violent hands____the passengers. ②He took my wallet___violence.
③He died a_____(惨遭横死). ④He was caught in____ (狂风暴雨) yesterday.
⑤She trembled____with fear. ⑥You'd better not shut the window with great____./____.
⑦It's commonly believed that____programmes and video games really cause people to become more aggressive.(fierce/violent/cruel/fearful)
16. if/whether (1)宾从,主语从句后置用if/whether皆可 (2)条件状从 "如果" 用if, 宾从是否定句时用if
I don't know if/whether he'll come. If he comes, I'll let you know. I don't care if you don't come.
(3)只用whether 的场合 ① whether or not ②whether to do ③介+whether… ④discuss whether…⑤表从;同位语从句;句首的主语从句 ⑥Whether…or…不管…还是…(状从)
Ex.①___it rains or not, we are playing football on Sunday. ②All people, ___they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.
③We haven’t settled the question of ___it is necessary for him.
④So__life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on___this problem can be solved.
⑤His ability has never been in doubt—the question is____he is prepared to work hard.
⑥It hasn't been decided____the sports meet will be held on time.
⑦I know nothing about____Mr Smith's operation has been successful.
⑧We discussed___this article should be cancelled. ⑨We don't care___they won't support us.
17. last ①vi. vt. 持续, 延续；耐用；够(某人)用…(时间)
The hot weather lasted 4 days (c.f: The weather remained /stayed/continued hot for 4 days)
The cloth lasts well. The food will last us another 3 days.
②adj. adv. 最后的;最不可能的;最近的 He is the last to leave / to tell lies. in the last 30 years (have done)
③The rain is expected to____until the end of this week.
18. explode (某物)爆炸; (感情)迸发;(人)冲动,激动＝burst out suddenly
The boiler/firework exploded. explode with/into laughter 哄然大笑
His anger exploded./He exploded with(in)anger .(勃然大怒)
I was about to explode. the exploding world population
explosion n. 爆炸/explosive adj.易爆的 n. 炸药,爆炸物/unexploded: adj.未爆炸的
c.f: explode炸弹,火药,瓦斯的爆炸/burst炸弹,堤防,血管,气球等的爆裂/erupt火山爆发/
blow up炸毁(vt)/explode/set off a bomb引爆
19. in time及时; 总有一天, 迟早 be in time for the bus/to catch the bus / If you keep on, you'll succeed ~.
in time/on time按时/ahead of time / all the time / at one time曾经,一度/at a time 一次/
at times 有时/at the same time同时；然而/at no time绝不(句首倒装)/in no time立刻/
from time to time时而,不时/for the time being暂时/against time争分夺秒地,尽快地/
each(every) time/the first time/for the first time/once upon a time/kill time/take one’s time从容进行,慢慢来/gain/lose/keep time(钟表)走得快/慢/准/have a good time/in one's spare time/ as time goes on.
Ex.①He arrived at the scene___to save his daughter. ②The train pulled in____.
③This is a difficult problem, _____it is extremely interesting.
④____we met frequently. ⑤_____will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.
⑥I thought her nice and honest___I met her.⑦Don't worry—I'm sure things will get better_____.
⑧Experts have been warning____of the health risks caused by passive smoking.
(at a time/at one time/for some time/for the time)
⑨—Can I look at the menu for a few more minutes before I decide? —Of course,____sir.
A.Make yourself at home B. Enjoy yourself C. It doesn't matter D. Take your time
⑩___I listen to your advice, I'll get into trouble. (Every time/Every time that/Each time when/When that)
(11)Don't speak at once! ___please. A.Each at one time B.One by one time C.One for each time D.One at a time
20.produce ①vt生产,制造;生育(子女),产(崽);制作,拍摄(电影);拿出,出示 ②UN农产品
produce cars/ a TV series/ a gun/your ticket / The soil produced good crops./The cow has produced a calf(小牛). fresh local produce / native produce(n.)
producer n.生产商,制片人/ production n.生产,制造/productive: adj./productivity(n.)生产效率,
produce(UN)农产品/product(CN)(工业)产品/production.艺术作品
21. loud(大声地)/aloud(出声地)/loudly(喧闹地,嘈杂地):adv. in a ____voice(adj.)
Ex.① In order to be heard, the teacher speaks___and clearly. ②Someone knocked____at the door.
③He played strong and loudly music till 4 o'clock in the morning. (改错) ④read______/think_____.
22. atmosphere n.大气, 大气层;(封闭空间的)空气;气氛,氛围 the earth's____/pollution of the____/a moist atmosphere/the tense____/The talk was conducted in a friendly ____.
c.f: atmosphere大气层/air 周围人和动物呼吸的空气 Let's go out for some fresh_____.
Ex. The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly____. (state/situation/phenomenon/atmosphere)
23. cool(sb/sth)down/off vi.vt (使…)变冷,冷却下来;(使…)冷静/镇静下来
e.g:The hot metal contracts as it cools down./They urge the public to~./How can I cool the coffee down quickly? cool down/calm down 平静下来/settle down 安顿下来/get down to 安心下来干…/set down写下, 记下/break down出故障, 崩溃
24. as time went on＝with time going on 随着
Ex.①With the noise___(go on), I couldn’t get down to my studies.
②He was wandering through the street, looking around____he walked.(as/with/since/when)
③_____production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.(As/For/Because/With)
④These houses are sold at such a low price___people expected.(like/that/as/which)
⑤___is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. (It/As/What/That)
⑥It feels that one of my main duties____a teacher is to help the students.(for/by/as /with)
25. unlike: prep不像/dislike(v.)不喜欢/alike(adj./adv.)相像的,同样的
eg: They look very much____./_____John, Tom___playing football.
△ dislike doing sth/likes and dislikes/It's unlike sb to do sth.(干…不像某人的行为)/
be unlikely to do sth/It's unlikely that…
Ex.①Great minds think_____. The two brothers are very much_____.
②He comes as a manager, but works____a worker.
③This boy____maths. ____his lazy sister, he is diligent. ④Although they are twins, they're very____.
⑤It's ____her to drink so much. I wonder if she is all right.
⑥A good hotel manager should know his regular guests'_____.
26.it的句型和用法 (1)it 作形式主语：①It is +adj/n+真主(to do/doing/that-clause)
It's necessary/important to do sth. It’s no use/no good/useless doing sth./It’s a pity that...
②It seems/appears that… ③It worried her a bit that her hair was turning gray.
④It is said/reported/believed/announced/supposed that…＝sb/sth+be+p.p+to do...
⑤It is suggested/ordered/desired…that(should)
(2)it作形式宾语：
①主+vt+it(形式宾)+adj./n.(补)+真宾(to do/doing/that-clause) (vt:think/feel/find/consider/make)
think it important/necessary/an honour to do sth find it no use /no good /useless doing sth
make it possible for sb to do sth /make it a rule to do sth / make it clear that…
②I like /hate/dislike/appreciate it when… ③rely on/depend on/see to it that-clause
(3)强调句型：It is /was+被强调部分+that/who-clause
(4)其他句型：①It is five years since he came back./It was five years before he came back./
It was ten o'clock when he came back./It was at ten o'clock that he came back.
(注意:It was(not) long before…/It will (not)be long before…)
②It is (high)time that (did/should do)/It's the first time that (have done)
Ex.①I like___in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.(this/that/it/one)
②It’s like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I don't have enough money to buy__.
③It is high time that I____(go)to pick up my little daughter from school.
It is the first time that I____(do) so.
④____no wonder that everyone likes him. _____no need to do it.
⑤Was it the house__Chairman Mao was born? Was it in this house__Chairman Mao was born?
⑥It is 4 years_____he joined the League. /It will be 4 years____we meet again./
Tom told me that it was 4 years____he had left the factory.(before/after/when/since)
⑦He didn't make___clear when and where the meeting would be held.(this/that/it/these)
⑧As the busiest woman in Norton, she made__her duty to look after all the other people's affairs in that town.
27. fundamental: adj.基本的,根本的,基础的;必不可少的,十分重要的