六级冲刺词汇听力改错.doc

恩波内部讲义系列---05秋季六级冲刺 词汇 听力 改错 www.enboedu.org
词 汇
第一节 引言
《大学英语六级考试大纲》中规定的考试第三部分为“词汇和结构”，考试范围涵盖教学大纲词汇表及语法结构表一级至六级的全部内容，但近年来随着新题型的出现，该部分内容实际上已演变成纯词汇的考查，名称改为“词汇”（Vocabulary），测试词汇量大约为5000-5300个单词及一定量的习语，涉及动词、动词短语、固定搭配、名词、形容词、副词和介词等，这就要求考生有较大的词汇量，并且能就四个所给选项进行分析判断。
大学英语六级词汇题的命题方式有以下四种：
（1） 辨析四个同义词或近义词，甚至反义词
（2） 辨析四个形似异义词
（3） 辨析四个难词
（4） 辨析四个习惯搭配及词组搭配
针对这四种命题方式，本章将通过对真题的分析总结出方便有用的八种推导技巧供考生考前突击训练。
以上四种命题方式在本章阐述中分别与以下四种题目类型相对应：“同义近义或反义词辨析题”，“易混淆词辨析题”，“难词辨析题”及“固定搭配辨析题”，不管哪种题目类型，解题的一般步骤为：
（1）先读题干，找出题干中的关键词，亦即先读懂句子的大致内容，此时可先对空格所需词的意思和用法稍作猜测。
（2）浏览选择项，判断题目是否为以上四类题的一种。
（3）最后根据各题目类型的特点做出正确选择。
1、同义近义或反义词题
【例题】
1. By ___ computation, he estimated that the repairs on the house would cost him a thousand dollars. (97/6/41)
A) coarse B) rude C) crude D) rough
2. The two most important _____ in making a cake are flour and sugar .
A) elements B) components C) ingredients D) constituents （2001/1/36）
2、易混淆词题
【例题】
1. It will be safer to walk on the streets because people will not need to carry large amounts of cash; virtually all financial _____ will be conducted by computer. （1997/6/68）
A) transactions B) transmissions C) transitions D) transformations
2. Although most dreams apparently happen ___, dream activity may be provoked by external influences. (97/1/69)
A) spontaneously B) simultaneously C) homogeneously D) instantaneously
注：上两例为易混词辨析，都牵涉到词缀，在第一例四个选项中，前缀trans-表示“跨过；穿越”，－ions为名词后缀；第二例由于eous（形容词后缀）＋ly构成副词使得四个选项易混淆，所以同时还要根据其它构成部分进行判断，如instantaneously含有instant表即刻，homogeneously中的homo前缀表示“同类的”，而simultaneously中的simul词根有“same”的意思。由此看来，对构词法的了解是必要的，特别是前缀和词根，因为前缀影响词义而后缀决定词性，词根则是词义的根本。
3、难词辨析题
【例题】
1. Some children display an ____ curiosity about every new thing they encounter.
A) incredible B) infectious C) incompatible D) inaccessible （1998/1/68）
2. Parents often faced the _____ between doing what they felt was good for the development of the child and what they could stand by way of undisciplined noise and destructiveness.
A) junction B) paradox C) premise D) dilemma （2000/1/62）
4、最后一类题目涵盖极广，包括习惯用法和词组短语搭配，因此就涉及到动词、名词、介词、形容词和副词之间错综复杂的搭配。考生一定要有扎实的语言功底才能取得满意的成绩，否则就只能求助于本章将介绍的一些“投机取巧”的技巧颤颤危危地“摸石子过河”了。
【例题】
1. There was once a town in this country where all life seemed to live in _____ with its surroundings. (1998/1/51)
A) coincidence B) harmony C) uniform D) alliance
2. It is difficult to _____of a plan to end poverty. （2000/1/52）
A) ponder B) reckon C) speculate D) conceive
3. Attempts to persuade her to stay after she felt insulted were _____ . （1999/6/57）
A) in no way B) on the contrary C) at a loss D) of no avail

第二节 词汇七种推导技巧
以上引言笼统地介绍了解决不同词汇题的方法，其先决条件是准确地理解题干和四个选项的意思。接下来本节将通过对真题的分析详述七种推导技巧，帮助考生在考试的紧张时刻迅速地把握住所给题干中的“关键信息词”，精确地把住句子的“脉”，并且正确地推导出选项的意思。一般说来第一类题型“同义或近义词”无需推理技巧，而“反义词辨析题”的处理却往往牵涉到逻辑推导技巧。如：
【例题】Often such arguments have the effect of _______ rather than clarifying the issues involved.
A) obscuring B) prejudicing C) tackling D) blocking （2003/1/70）
以下介绍的推导技巧大部分是针对题干意思的理解，只要弄清句子的逻辑关系，抓住“信息关键词”，辨清题意，考生就成功了一半。
一、辨清比较与对比
此技巧通过理顺题干的比较和对比逻辑关系确定选项，“关键信号词”为：also, like, as, just as, compared with, in contrast, on the other hand, however, nevertheless, instead, yet, rather than，meanwhile 等。
【例题】
1. They believed that this was not the ____ of their campaign for equality but merely the beginning.
A) climax B) summit C) pitch D) maximum （2002/6/56）
2. I think she hurt my feelings _____ rather than by accident as she claimed.
A) virtually B) deliberately C) literally D) appropriately （1997/1/50）
二、识别前因与后果
关键信号词为“because, for, since, as a result, consequently, in turn, now that，so…that, such…that”等。
【例题】
1.The damage to his car was _____; therefore, he could repair it himself.
A) appreciable B) negligible C) considerable D) invisible （2000/1/57）
2. Just because I'm _____ to him, my boss thinks he can order me around without showing me any respect.
A) redundant B) trivial C) versatile D) subordinate （2002/1/60）
3. The poetry of Ezra Pound is sometimes difficult to understand because it contains so many _____ references.
A) obscure B) acute C) notable D) objective （1997/1/61）
三、巧用补充释义
题干中的一部分内容对另一部分起补充解释作用，可以相互推导。通常无标识词，少数的“信号词”为“or, or rather, that is, namely, in other words”等。
【例题】
1. The results are hardly _____; he cannot believe they are accurate.
A) credible B) contrary C) critical D) crucial (2003/1/49)
2. The lady in this strange tale very obviously suffers from a serious mental illness. Her plot against a completely Ainnocent old man is a clear sign of _____.
A) impulse B) insanity C) inspiration D) disposition （2002/1/41）
3. My sister is quite _____ and plans to get an M. A. degree within one year.
A) aggressive B) enthusiastic C) ambitious D) considerate （2000/1/58）
四、条件递进关系推理
如果一定的条件成立，事物顺其自然会有一定的结果和反应，这一般是靠常识或经验推导出来，‘信号词’为 if, then, and，when等。
【例题】
1. If nothing is done to protect the environment, millions of species that are alive today will become _____.
A) deteriorated B) degenerated C) suppressed D) extinct （2001/1/40）
2. He blew out the candle and_______ his way to the door.
A) converged B) groped C) strove D) wrenched （2003/1/69）
3. When supply exceeds demand for any product, prices are ______ to fall.
A) timely B) simultaneous C) subject D) liable （2003/1/46）
五、让步转折的利用
转折和让步关系在题干中出现的频率较高，往往影响考生对题意的理解，反之，考生若能运用这两种关系推断出不完整题干的题意，答题命中率也就更高了。关键信号词:but, although, though, as, even if/ though等。
【例题】
1. The magician made us think he cut the girl into pieces but it was merely an ____.
A) illusion B) impression C) image D) illumination (2002/6/60)
2. Although the model looks good on the surface, it will not bear close _____.
A) temperament B) contamination C) scrutiny D) symmetry （2002/1/47）
3. Even though he was guilty, the _____ judge did not send him to prison.
A) merciful B) impartial C) conscientious D) conspicuous （1997/1/51）
六、找准同一范畴词
如英语口语练习中的“situational conversation”，比如，谈到“银行”，一些相关的词汇可能为“interest, deposit, savings account, withdraw”等，若是“机场”，则词汇可能是“departure, flight, takeoff, land, customs, stewardess, seat belt”等。这里我们将其统称为“同一范畴词”，它们有可能是上下义关系，也可能是平等关系。
【例题】
1. The designer has applied for a ____ for his new invention.
A) tariff B) discount C) version D) patent (2002/6/63)
2. If you want this painkiller, you'll have to ask the doctor for a _____.
A) transaction B) permit C) settlement D) prescription (2001/6/41)
3. The court considers a financial _____ to be an appropriate way of punishing him.
A) payment B) obligation C) option D) penalty (1998/1/52)
七、熟记词组搭配
有些题目的选择完全依赖于对固定词组和搭配的了解，这也包括一些习惯表达法。前几年的考点多为动词和介词、副词的搭配，如break away from, break out, break in, break up等等，这可从介副词的意义略知一二。最近几年题目则注重习惯表达，范围更广，包括介词短语、名词搭配、形容词短语、动词短语等。平时学习中，考生要有意识地注意英语词语的搭配以及与汉语词语搭配的异同之处，才能在实战考试时迅速而准确地识别选项。
【例题】
1. As the mountains were covered with a ____ of cloud, we couldn’t see their tops.
A) coating B) film C) veil D) shade （2002/6/58）
2. It's a pleasure for him to _____ his energy and even his life to research work.
A) dedicate B) dictate C) decorate D) direct （1998/6/63）
3. All visitors are requested to _____ with the regulations.
A) comply B) agree C) assist D) consent (1998/1/44)
4. I am sure I can _____ him into letting us stay in the hotel for the night.
A) speak B) say C) talk D) tell (1997/6/56)

第三节 六级考试核心考查词汇总结
以下归纳的是一些最重要的六级考试词汇题，包含了最核心的考点，在冲刺阶段应该首先熟悉这些单词，希望考生仔细揣摩。
Group 1
Fiber-optic cables can carry hundreds of telephone conversations _____ . (00.6.47. )
A) simultaneously B) spontaneously C) homogeneously D) contemporarily
In the past ten years skyscrapers have developed ____ in Chicago and New York City. ( 99.1.49. )
A) homogenously B) simultaneously C) spontaneously D) harmoniously
Some educators try to put students of similar abilities into the same class because they believe this kind of _____ grouping is advisable. ( 02.6.51. )
A) homogenously B) instantaneous C) spontaneous D) anonymous
Group 2
There is much I enjoy about the coming seasons, but my favorite time is the _____ from fall to winter. ( 00.6.51. )
A) transmission B) transformation C) transition D) transfer
He attends to the _____ of important business himself. ( 98.6.56. )
A) transaction B) transition C) transmission D) transformation
The _____ from childhood to adulthood is always a critical time for everybody. ( 01.6.42. )
A) conversion B) transition C) turnover D) formation
Group 3
No one can function properly if they are _____ of adequate sleep. ( 00.6. 57 )
A) deprived B) ripped C) stripped D) contrived
The prisoner was _____ of his civil liberty for three years. ( 01.1. 51 )
A) discharged B) derived C) deprived D) dispatched
The accident _____ him of his sight and the use of his legs. ( 97.1. 45 )
A) excluded B) disabled C) deprived D) gripped
Group 4
Mary once _____ with another musician to compose a piece of pop music. ( 98.6. 54 )
A) merged B) collaborated C) coincided D) constituted
There was once a town in this country where all life seemed to live in _____ with its surroundings. ( 98.1. 51 )
A) coincidence B) harmony C) uniform D) alliance
He was looking admiringly at the photograph published by Collins in _____ with the Imperial Museum. ( 03.1. 42 )
A) collection B) connection C) collaboration D) combination
Group 5
If Japan _____ its relations with that country it will have to find another supplier of raw materials. ( 01. 6. 50 )
A) precludes B) terminates C) partitions D) expires
If we _____ our relations with that country, we’ll have to find another supplier of raw materials. ( 98.6 45 )
A) diffuse B) diminish C) terminate D) preclude
Mike just discovered that his passport had _____ three months ago. ( 99.6. 37 )
A) abolished B) expired C) amended D) constrained
Group 6
The _____ on this apartment expires in a year’s time. ( 00.6. 53 )
A) treaty B) lease C) engagement D) subsidy
The person who _____ this type of approach for doing research deserves our praise. ( 03. 1. 55 )
A) originated B) speculated C) generated D) manufactured
The Space Age _____ in October 1957 when the first artificial satellite was launched by the Soviet Union. ( 99.1 41 )
A) initiated B) originated C) embarked D) commenced
Group 7
The original elections were declared _____ by the former military ruler. ( 99.1 66 )
A) void B) vulgar C) surplus D) extravagant
As a _____ actor, he can perform, sing, dance and play several kinds of musical instruments. ( 97.1. 41 )
A) flexible B) versatile C) sophisticated D) productive
Among all the changes resulting from the _____ entry of women into the work force, the transformation that has occurred in the women themselves is not the least important. ( 00.6. 42 )
A) massive B) quantitative C) surplus D) formidable
Group 8
The automatic doors in supermarkets _____ the entry and exit of customers with shopping carts. ( 01.6. 53 )
A) furnish B) induced C) facilitate D) allocate
The work in the office was _____ by a constant stream of visitors. ( 97.6. 63 )
A) confused B) hampered C) reversed D) perplexed
Hill slopes are cleared of forests to make way for crops, but this only _____ the crisis. ( 03.1. 68 )
A) accelerates B) prevails C) ascends D) precedes
Group 9
The fire has caused great losses, but the factory tried to _____ the consequences by saying that the damage was not as serious as reported. ( 99.1 46 )
A) decrease B) subtract C) minimize D) degrade
The toy maker produces a _____ copy of the space station, exact in every detail. ( 02.6. 64 )
A) minimal B) minimum C) miniature D) minor
Most nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are in a _____. ( 97.6. 53 )
A) scarcity B) minority C) minimum D) shortage
Group 10
We managed to reach the top of the mountain, and half an hour later we began to _____. ( 97.1 43 )
A) ascend B) descend C) decline D) plunge
The children cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorful balloons _____ slowly into the sky. ( 98.6. 59 )
A) floating B) raising C) heaving D) ascending
Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply _____. ( 97.6. 57 )
A) declined B) lessened C) descended D) slipped
Group 11
Competition, they believe, _____ the national character than corrupt it. ( 97.1. 44 )
A) enforces B) confirms C) intensifies D) strengthens
The republication of the poet’s most recent works will certainly _____ his national reputation. ( 97.6. 58 )
A) magnify B) strengthen C) enlarge D) enhance
The presidential candidate _____ his position by winning several primary elections. ( 99.6. 35 )
A) enforce B) enriched C) intensified D) consolidated
Group 12
The medicine _____ his pain but did not cure his illness. ( 02.6. 42 )
A) activated B) alleviated C) mediated D) deteriorated
The financial problem of this company is further _____ by the rise in interest rates. ( 02.6. 45 )
A) increased B) strengthen C) reinforced D) aggravated
In order to prevent stress from being set up in the metal, expansion joints are fitted which _____ the stress by allowing the pipe to expand or contract freely. (03.1. 64 )
A) relieve B) reconcile C) reclaim D) rectify
Group 13
One of his eyes was injured in an accident, but after a _____ operat