英语语法全析全解.doc

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选校网 高考频道 专业大全 历年分数线 上万张大学图片 大学视频 院校库

目 录
前 言 2
高考英语陷阱题总结归纳——it 的用法 4
高考英语陷阱题总结归纳——被动语态 9
高考英语陷阱题总结归纳——比较结构 24
高考英语陷阱题总结归纳——代词 28
高考英语陷阱题总结归纳——定语从句 41
高考英语陷阱题总结归纳——动词时态 51
高考英语陷阱题总结归纳——短语动词 61
高考英语陷阱题总结归纳——非谓语动词 66
高考英语陷阱题总结归纳——冠词 88
高考英语陷阱题总结归纳——交际口语 94
高考英语陷阱题总结归纳——介词 100
高考英语陷阱题总结归纳——连词 107
高考英语陷阱题总结归纳——名词 112
高考英语陷阱题总结归纳——名词性从句 121
高考英语陷阱题总结归纳——强调句 127
高考英语陷阱题总结归纳——情态动词 132
高考英语陷阱题总结归纳——形容词与副词 139
高考英语陷阱题总结归纳——虚拟语气 147
高考英语陷阱题总结归纳——状语从句 152
易受 “复杂句式”影响的单选题讲练教案 147
情感态度题词语选项，出题位置及解题方法 152
That 在高考中的地位 153
高中最常见的含介词ｔｏ的短语动词 155
108所名校试题汇编：英语 172
高考英语交际用语特殊答语 264
高考英语写作常用句型 266
必记高考重点动词词组及辨析 274
一点中学生必备的30句名言-----受益无穷 281
2010年高考考前点播系列之揭开高考英语单项填空的神秘面纱 284
2010年高考英语最后一讲（内部交流） 298
前 言
基础题，人人会做，显不出优势；高难题，人人不会做，拉不开距离；陷阱题，表面看起来很容易，所需知识也不一定很难，但其中隐含机关，预设陷阱，尽管你完全具备做好此类题的知识和能力，但由于你理解角度不对、分析思路不活、做题方法不当、使用技法不巧等，可能自认为捡了个大便宜，而实际上却刚好掉入了命题人为你精心准备的陷阱。不信你就看看下面几道题：
1. She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood _______ he said meant.
A. that B. what
C. that that D. what what
仔细想想看，选A还是选B？请给出你的决定——未作决定之前请不要往后看！你的分析可能是这样的：
选项C和D 不太可能是正确答案，因为像这样两个“引导词”叠用的情况一般不可能。在A和B两个选项中，选项A肯定不行，因为它引导宾语从句时不能充当句子成分，所以只能选B了。
事实是：如果你选A，肯定错了；如果你选B，那也错了。此题最佳答案是 D，其中第一个what 用作动词 meant 的宾语，第二个what 用作动词 said 的宾语，即在 none of us understood what what he said meant 中，none of us understood 为主句，what what he said meant 为宾语从句，而在此宾语从句中又包括有 what he said 这样一个主语从句。假若去掉句末的meant，则答案就是B了。
分析有道理吗？有点启发吗？你可要客观地评价噢！请再看一题：
2. Everyone knows that _______ is dangerous to play with fire, but _______ is difficult is to prevent children from playing with fire.
A. it, it B. what, what
C. it, what D. what, it
这次可要想好！请拿定主意，选C还是选D？未作决定之前请不要往后看！你的分析可能是这样的：
此题既不选C，也不选D，而是选A。因为两处的空格均填形式主语it。
事实上，你又错了。此题的最佳答案是C：第一空填形式主语，真正的主语是其后的不定式 to play with fire；而第二空应填 what，what is difficult 是主语从句，注意 what is difficult 后的谓语动词 is。有点收获吧，再请做做以下类似试题：
(1) I know ______ is important to know my own limitations, but _______ is difficult is to help others to know their own limitations.
A. it, it B. what, what
C. it, what D. what, it
(2) Yes, ______ is difficult to find a job nowadays, but _____ is more difficult is try to find such a job with a high salary but little things to do.
A. it, it B. what, what
C. it, what D. what, it
答案选什么，估计你不会选错了，你若还不放心，请往本书后面有关去找找，那里有明确的答案。对此有兴趣吗？那就再看一题吧！
3. Let’s make it at seven o’clock on Tuesday morning at my office if ________.
A. you’re convenient B. it is convenient for you
C. you feel convenient D. it is convenient with you
先仔细想好，看选项A和C哪个更佳，当然也可能A和C都不对，答案在B、D当中。不过，主意你自己拿。我猜你的答案不是A就可能是C，因为你可能将汉语中的“如果你方便的话”直译为 if you are convenient 或 if you feel convenient了。
其实最佳答案是B，因为英语中的 convenient不是表示“感到方便的”，而是表示“使人感到方便的”，所以 be convenient 的主语通常不能是“人”。要表示“如果你方便的话”，英语通常 if it is convenient for [to] you，其中的介词可用 for 或 to，但一般不用 with。顺便说一句，偶尔也可见到用人或物作 be convenient的主语，但此时的句子必须具备这样的特点：句子主语是其后不定式的逻辑宾语，如：
Mary is convenient to see on Sunday. / It is convenient to see Mary on Sunday. 星期天去见玛丽较为方便。
The furniture is convenient to move. / It is convenient to move the furniture. 这家具搬起来很方便。
怎么样，再看最后一题：
4. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”
A. that B. which
C. where D. what
此题该选哪个答案？你可能毫不犹豫地选了B，是吗？你的想法很可能是：around 是介词，选 which 用以代替前面的名词 hospital，在此用作介词 around 的宾语。
对不起，还是错了。最佳答案应是C。你的分析并不算太错，但问题是，照你的分析，此句的意思便是：有没有这样一家医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选 C 的理由是：句中的 around 不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”；其后的 where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词 hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？
类似的例子我们就不再罗列了，您若对此有兴趣，您若觉得您在这方面还比较薄弱，您若觉得这些知识对您还有必要，请继续往下读，后面的内容会更丰富、更精彩。当然，您若对此没有兴趣，或者您已是这方面的高手，建议您最好别看了，耽误了您不少时间，实在抱歉！

高考英语陷阱题总结归纳——it 的用法
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. Everyone knows that _______ is dangerous to play with fire, but _______ is difficult is to prevent children from playing with fire.
A. it, it B. what, what
C. it, what D. what, it
【陷阱】很容易误选B，认为两空均考查形式主语。
【分析】最佳答案是C，第一空填形式主语，真正的主语是其后的不定式 to play with fire。第二空填 what，what is difficult 是主语从句，注意 what is difficult 后的谓语动词 is。请做以下类似试题：
(1) I know ______ is important to know my own limitations, but _______ is difficult is to help others to know their own limitations.
A. it, it B. what, what
C. it, what D. what, it
(2) Yes, ______ is difficult to find a job nowadays, but _____ is more difficult is try to find such a job with a high salary but little things to do.
A. it, it B. what, what
C. it, what D. what, it
2. I dislike _______ when others laugh at me in public or think poorly of me behind.
A. that B. those
C. it D. them
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案是C，因为在通常情况下，like 是及物动词，其后应有宾语(句中 it 即为其宾语)。句中的 when 从句不是宾语从句，而是时间状语从句，其中的 when 的意思是“当……的时候”。其实，也有的词典将 I don’t like it when (if) … 作为一个句型来处理。能这样用的动词不多，主要的有enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等表示喜好的动词。
She won’t like it if you arrive late. 她不喜欢你迟到。
He hates it when people use his bike. 他讨厌别人用他的自行车。
请做以下类似试题(答案均选 it)：
(1) I hate _______ if people say such things in public.
A. that B. those
C. it D. them
(2) I’d prefer _______ if I didn’t have to get up early on Sundays.
A. that B. such
C. it D. which
(3) I would appreciate _______ very much if you could give me some suggestions.
A. this B. that
C. it D. you
3. I’ve no idea. I just pretended nobody was at home, so I didn’t ask who _______ was.
A. he B. that
C. she D. it
【陷阱】容易误选A或C。
【分析】最佳答案是D。it 用以指身份不明的人。若指身份明确的人，则不宜用it。比较：
(1) Mr Smith is at the door. _______ wants to see you.
(2) Someone is at the door. ________ must be Mr Smith.
A. He B. It
C. This D. That
第(1)题选A，因为来者身份明确；第(2)选B，因为来者身份不明确。
4. “Excuse me, I want to have my watch fixed, but I can’t find a repair shop.” “I know ________ nearby. Come on, I’ll show you.”
A. one B. it
C. some D. that
【陷阱】容易误选B。
【分析】最佳答案是A。it 和 one 的区别可简单地概括为：it = the + 名词，one = a + 名词。如：
I haven’t got any pens, and I want to borrow one. 我没有钢笔，我想借一支。(one = a pen)
I have two pens, and I can lend one to you. 我有两本支钢笔，我可以借一支。(one = a pen)
I have a pen, and I can lend it to you. 我有一本钢笔，我可以把它借给你。(it = the pen)
在上面一题中，one 相当于 one 相当于 a repair shop。请做下面一题（答案选A）：
There is only one English-Chinese dictionary in that book-shop. I wonder if you still want to buy _______.
A. it B. one
C. another D. any
5. Will you see to _______ that my children are taken good care of while I am away?
A. it B. me
C. yourself D. them
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案是A。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是空格后that引导的宾语从句。see to 意为“负责”、“注意”，其中的 to 为介词，不宜直接跟that引导的宾语从句，遇此情况可借助代词 it。请做下面两题，答案也是选 it：
(1) I’ll see to _______ that all these letters will be sent to the post before twelve.
A. it B. me
C. which D. them
(2) Will you see to _______ that the luggage is brought back as soon as possible?
A. me B. yourself
C. it D. them
类似以上 see to 用法的短语还有 depend on, answer for 等。如下面两题答案也选 it：
(1) You may depend on _______ that he will turn up in time.
A. it B. me
C. which D. them
(2) I can’t answer for ________ that the boy is honest.
A. it B. me
C. which D. them

◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1. Why shouldn’t I buy a new coat — I haven’t bought _____ for five years.
A. it B. that
C. one D. which
2. He made _____ known to his friends that he didn’t want to enter politics.
A. that B. it
C. himself D. him
3. It used to be thought _____ the Earth was flat.
A. as B. when
C. since D. that
4. The Parkers bought a new house but ______ will need a lot of work before they can move in.
A. they B. it
C. one D. which
5. _______ is well known _______ Hong Kong returned to China on July 1st, 1997.
A. It, that B. As, /
C. As, as D. It, which
6. — I don’t know whether I should go abroad or not, Mum.
— I leave _______ to your own judgment whether you should do it.
A. that B. it
C. this D. what
7. Does ________ matter if he can’t finish the job on time?
A. this B. that
C. he D. it
8. They are good friends. _______ is no wonder that they know each other so well.
A. This B. That
C. There D. It
9. They live on a busy main road. ______ must be very noisy.
A. There B. It
C. That D. They
10. Why don’t you bring ______ to his attention that you are too busy to do it?
A. this B. what
C. that D. it
11. “Look at that lady on the stage. She’s already forty.” “You are joking. She doesn’t look ________.”
A. so B. it
C. that D. this
13. _______ was known to them all that William had broken his promise ______ he would give each of them a gift.
A. As; Which B. What; that
C. It; that D. It; which
14. In the west, people make _______ a rule to send Christmas present to their relatives and friends.
A. this B. that
C. it D. the following

◆答案与解析◆
1. 选C。one 指 a coat。比较：it = the +名词，one = a+名词，换句话说，it 是特指的，而one 则是泛指的。
2. 选B。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是 that he didn’t want to enter politics。
3. 选D。it 为形式主语，此句为 People used to think that the Earth was flat 的被动语态形式。
4. 选B。it 指前面提到的 new house。注意不能选D，因为其前有并列连词but。
5. 选A。it 为形式主语，其后的that从句为主语从句。比较下面一题，答案选B：
_______ is well known, _______ Hong Kong returned to China on July 1st, 1997.
A. It, that B. As, /
C. As, as D. It, which
6. 选B。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是 whether you should do it.
7. 选 D。it doesn’t matter if…, does it matter if… 等为英语常用表达。
8. 选 D。it’s no wonder that… 意为“难怪……”、“……不足为怪”，为英语固定表达，其中的 it’s 也可省略，即只说 No wonder that…。如：
No wonder (that) he didn’t want to go. 难怪他不想去。
9. 选B。it 指环境。
10. 选 D。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是 that you are too busy to do it.
12. 选 B。it 指 her age。look one’s age 为习语，意为“容貌与年龄相称”。
13. 选C。第一空填 it，为形式主语；第二空填that，用以引导一个同位语从句，修饰 promise。
14. 选 C。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是其后的不定式 to send Christmas present to their relatives and friends。

高考英语陷阱题总结归纳——被动语态
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
    1. “Do you like the material？” “Yes, it _____ very soft.”
    A. is feeling                B. felt
    C. feels                     D. is felt
    【陷阱】此题容易误选D，想当然地根据“这布料摸起来很柔软”这一句意，认为“布料”应是“被摸”，所以 feel 选用被动语态。
    【分析】其实，此题正确答案为C，因为 feel 在此为连系动词，而连系动词均为不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，尽管有时其汉语意思有被动意味。请看以下类似例子 （答案均为D）：
    （1） Her forehead _____ hot. I’m afraid she is ill.
    A. is feeling            B. felt
    C. is felt               D. feels
    （2） The new school has been completed. It _____ very beautiful.
    A. is looked           B. looked
    C. has looked          D. looks
    （3） The dish _____ nice, but the milk _____ sour.
    A. is smelt, is smelt      B. is smelt, smells
    C. smells, is smelt        D. smells, smells
    （4） The story of his life _____ interesting.
    A. is sounded                  B. is sounding
    C. has sounded                 D. sounds
    2. He was angry _____ your work. He said that he _____ at all.
    A. at, didn’t satisfy           B. to, didn’t satisfy
    C. at, wasn’t satisfied         D. to, wasn’t satisfied
    【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能被误选。
    【分析】最佳答案为C. be angry at （about） sth 意为“对某事生气”，许多同学常按汉语意思将其中的介词 at （about） 换成 to，这是错误的。另外，许多同学将汉语的“不满意”直译为 not satisfy，这是是不对的，因为，satisfy在现代英语中只用作及物动词，其意不是“满意”而是“使（人）满意”，所以其后不能没有宾语，除非本身是被动语态（或是系表结构）。
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
    1. The president _____ a cool reception when he visited London.
    A. gave                     B. was given
    C. had given                D. had been given
    2. A red sky in the morning _____ to be a sign of bad weather.
    A. says                    B. is saying
    C. has said                D. is said
    3 If you go there alone after dark you might get _____.
    A. attacked and robbed      B. attacking and robbing
    B. to attack and rob        D. to be attacked and robbed
    4. What I wanted to know was when and where the meeting ______.
    A. was holding           B. had held
    C. was to hold           D. was to be held
    5. New medicines and instruments ______ every day to extend life.
    A. develop                  B. are being developed
    C. are developing           D. have developed
    6. I’ll come after the meeting if time ______.
    A. permits                  B. is permitting
    C. is permitted             D. has permitted
    7. The students _____ ￡50 a year to cover the cost of books and stationery.
    A. give                      B. are given
    C. have given                D. to give
    8. With the development of science, more new technology _______ to the fields of IT.
    A. has introduced       B. is being introduced
    C. is introduced        D. was introduced
    9.“How about the dishes, Dear？” “The beef didn’t taste very good. It ______ too long.”
    A. cooked               B. had been cooked
    C. was cooked           D. had cooked
    10. He kept a little notebook, in which ______ the names and addresses of his friends.
    A. wrote　              B. was writing
    C. was written          D. were written
11. “Look！ Everything here is under construction.” “What is the small building that ______for？”
    A. is being building    B. has been built
    C. is built             D. is being built
    12. Hundreds of jobs _______ if the factory closes.
    A. lose                B. will be lost
    C. are lost            D. will lose
    13. A red sky in the morning ______ to be a sign of bad weather.
    A. says                B. is saying
    C. has said            D. is said
    14. New medicines and instruments ______ every day to extend life.
    A. develop             B. are being developed
    C. are developing      D. have developed
    【答案与解析】
    1. 选B.一方面语意要求要被动语态，另一方面从句时态暗示主句应用一般过去时。
    2. 选D.此句也可说成 It is said that a red sky in the morning is a sign of bad weather.
    3. 选A，“get + 过去分词”表被动。
    4. 选D，从逻辑上说，“会议”应是被开，故用被动式。
    5. 选B.从语境上看，develop 不仅要用被动语态，而且要用进行时态。
    6. 选A，该用法中的 permit 为不及物动词，不用被动语态。