考研英语(2009版)--翻译(冲刺)讲义.doc

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考研英语冲刺班翻译讲义

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翻译满分是十分。讲解分两部分：
第一部分，讲解想要得到翻译的基本分该怎么办。
三个优先： 1.短句优先 2.介词优先 3.顺序优先
短句优先就是汉语短句优先
就是把你有限的英语单词转变成为汉语之后来造句。造汉语短句。越精短越好。

参见04年真题
64) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another.

沃尔夫对语言和思维的关系感兴趣

介词优先 考的最多的是介词，而考的最多的介词又是in,其次是of ,with... 介词优先就是先翻译介词后面的，再把它放到介词前面的那个词前面去。 a of b of c即c的b的a

of 的翻译

参见97年真题
72) Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.

一些哲学家辩论说，权利今仅存在于社会契约中，作为责任和权利的交换的一部分。

参见07年真题
(46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.

当你发现句子已经像个短句是就打上逗号。
a sort of ,a piece of 等数量词就不能从后往前了。

参见03年真题
65) Thus, the anthropological concept of "culture," like the concept of "set" in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.
immense amounts of 大量的

in的翻译 1.在......中（里面） 2.以（用）一种方式
讲解第二种用法的翻译
参见03年真题
62) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
in the manner 以......方式

参见04年真题
65) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.

in its strongest form 以一种形式

参见06年真题
46）I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic（苏格拉底）way about moral problems.

in ...way 以......方式

with 用法 1.随着......，2.用......，3.带有、具有，4.用......,5.和......、与......

参见01年真题
71) There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.
cars with pollution monitors 带有污染监控器的小汽车

参见04年真题
61）The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse language could be.

the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought语言的结构和思维的过程有一些联系。

顺序优先原则
先不考虑改变顺序。按照英语的顺序翻译。如果说不通时 再考虑用汉语的顺序。
参见05年真题
46）Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.

电视是一种方式

参见08年真题
47 He asserts, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.
He asserts他也断言，他的思维力有限，
argue辩论
state陈述 demonstrate 证明、证实
a long and purely abstract train 一长串，一个很长的系列
follow 跟上，还可当明白、理解
他也断言，他要理解那一长串的并且极度抽象的思维的能力是有限的。因为这个原因，他确认他从来没在数学上获得成功。

49 He adds humbly that perhaps he was "superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully."
He adds 他谦卑地补充说，也许他比别人有优势，
superior 比......高级的、有优势的
common 普通 run 一群人 在这儿不必翻译

他谦逊地补充道，或许他"比普通人更能够注意到那些容易忽视的细节，并对其进行仔细的观察"。

参见04年真题
63）The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the wellstudied
languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.

第二部分，讲解想要得到翻译的高分该怎么办。
四读翻译法
1.读英语 2.还是读英语 3.仍然读的是英语 4.读汉语
一读最多只能花四分钟内面的30秒钟。一读的目的是拆分句子，即断句。
断句点有哪些？连词、介词、引导词。最好的断句方法是根据英语的语法来找出主句、从句，找出主语，找出谓语。
2007年
The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. (46) Traditionally legal learning has been viewed in such institutions the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law. 
If the study of law is beginning to establish as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflection on law is a desirable component of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.
(48)But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. (49)In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.
Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (50)While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.

二读：拿到一句话最多只能看30秒钟，就要开始写汉字了。二读的目的就是要打草稿了。二读是以一小节一小节为主。
(46) Traditionally legal learning has been viewed /in such institutions the special preserve of lawyers, /rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.

译文：在这些学院中传统的法律学习被认为是律师的专业受过教育的人的知识储备的必要部分。
preserve 保存

三读英语：三读的目的就是连汉字。首先应该注意顺序原则。注意适当调整的同时，适当增减。还可以进行同义替换。最后是书写译文。
需要注意的:1.有意义的单词都用汉字写下来。2.还是首先按照英语的顺序连接，英语不通时，再按汉语顺序连接。

(47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner /which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis /as they cover and comment on the news.
它以一种方式把这些概念和日常现实联系在一起，这种联系是与记者在日常的新闻报道和新闻评论时所形成的

cover news cover在这儿是报道的意思
comment 评论

四读的是汉语，花三至四秒钟。四读汉语的目的就是修改译文。
修改译文的角度：1.看看是否有漏译、错译。主干结构的词即主语谓语宾语是不能漏掉的。2.看看汉语是否有错别字，是否通顺。3.同义替换，改变顺序，适当增减。
如：purely abstract 就应已成及其抽象，而不能已成纯粹抽象

03年
63)The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.

make 使得
unique 独特
distinctly 本意是区别 distinctly important 是极其重要的意思

如何如修改？适当改变顺序，适当增加或同义替换，适当增减。

07年
(48)But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.

译文：记者必须比普通市民更了解法律，这种观点取决于新闻媒体的已经建立的惯例以及特殊责任的理解。
profoundly 更深刻地
rests on 取决于

08年
48) On the other hand, he did not accept as,/well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, /while he was a good observer, /he had no power of reasoning.

他不接受一些批评家对他的指责，
charge 指责、指控
他不接受一些批评家对他的指责：虽然他善于观察，但他却没有推理能力,他认为这毫无依据。
charge 指责、指控 well-founbded 有依据的