大学英语四、六级作文速成.doc

大学英语四、六级作文速成
一．写作基本框架
布局：（采用三、四段法）
第一段：（主题引入句+主题+引导句）
第二、三段：（段中心句+事例句+反向事例句+尾句）
第三、四段：（结尾段）
二．基本写作范例：
第一段：
1．What we today call (think/believe) 中心事物A was, indeed,中心事物 A of, by, and for ordinary, everyday “中心事物A” who with increasing prosperity and leisure,（这里可换词）created a market for of all kinds, and especially for中心事物A 引转。
2． Some believe that 抄题，but others believe that抄题。
3．I am of the opinion that 观点①is not only the imperative need of mankind but also one of the noblest aspirations we have in the present-day world, because原因简述。
第二段
The reason is not far to seek.
Firstly,
Secondly,
Thirdly,
第三段
In short, it follows from the foregoing discussion that this issue is to be settled by weighing the pros and cons and not by any arbitrary decision, therefore, we may con conclude that the argument （照抄自己的主题）is a viable one, inasmuch as it rests upon a fundamental principle of science and logic, namely, that of cause and effect.
三、写作技巧汇总、
1、开首段
（1）谚语法
谚语一般已为大家所接受，由它开头引出下文或提出作者本人的观点，也易为读者所接受，如：
a. As the saying goes “Money makes the mare go”, but there are something that can’t be bought with money such as time and true love.
b. As the saying goes “Time flies”, “Time is money”, how to spend your time properly is becoming increasingly important to everyone. 其中“Time is money”皆是谚语，说明文章内容的范围，从而引出主题，提出自己的观点。
若无谚语，则可用My grandmother told me that……
（2）定义法
有时对题目中关键词作一些简单或正面解释，限定其范围，也有利于引出主题。如：
a. What is decisiveness? It doesn’t mean act rashly.（反面定义）
b. What is advertisement? It is the words or pictures used on media. TV for example, to propagandize a certain product or give a warning to people（正式定义）。
本方法主要对写作中心事物进行定义或解释。
（3）提问法
提出一个或一连串问题，以激起读者兴趣，从而引出主题。如：Do you have many friends? Are they similar to you or different from you? Which kind of friends do you prefer?
本方法较难掌握，一般可以从对举、区别、喜爱、环境上去写。
（4）概括法
先概括总结文章内容涉及的现状，然后引出主题。如：
In recent years, while our industries and businesses have developed quickly, the number of trees in many big cities has dramatically reduced. Efforts are being made to prevent from cutting more trees, but to realize the significance of making cities greener is of importance.
本写法还可以从过去/历史上写，然后引伸到现在。
（5）间接开头法
以叙述别人的观点开始，引出自己的真实看法。如：
a. People often say that money can buy all things, but I think it is not…
b. Some persons say that love makes the world go round. Others of a less romantic and more practical turn of mind say that it isn’t love, it is money. But the truth is that it is the energy that makes the world go round…
本方法主要为推翻别人，坚立自己。
★以上五种写作方法，四、六级常用，且简单易学。
2、中间段（例论法）
* 作者根据个人经历或所闻所见，列举事实说明或支持文章主题。从而使读者确切地了解其观点的含义或依据。
* 例证的组织可按时间顺序、典型性、重要性等进行排列。一般说来最典型、最重要的例子放在最前面（以引起读者兴趣）或最后面（以加深读者印象）。
* 具体写法手段有：
条件法/具体细节法/对比法/科技法/历史法，下面一例就是具体法代表：
主题：北京天气坏
In spring, the weather in Beijing can be very bad. It is often windy and dusty here. In spring, the wind may blow all day long, the air is then filled with fine dust which sometimes shuts out the sun. There is no escape of the fine dust. It gets into, your eyes, yours nostrils, and your hair and penetrates through the closed windows.
3．结尾段
结尾是文章的总结和思想的最后升华，它应起到再次肯定和强调主题的效果。
高分作文的结尾段应短小有力，言简意赅，又意味深长。具体说来结尾段主要有以下4种表述方法：
（1） 重述或总结前面的主题。
将前面各段的内容，换一种方式进行总结、再述。
（2） 提出一个与主题相关的问题。
这一问题的答案其实在文中已描述清楚，可以说明知故问，目的是要读者同意作者本人的观点。如“As the reasons listed above, why don’t you choose the public school for your child?”（关于公立、私立学校的主题）
（3） 提出预测或希望
作者对上面的阐述观点作一些补充和例外情况的说明，这样显得文章活泼、生动又不失客观、说明性。如：关于“电视广告”一文结尾“In a word, TV advertisement, I think, are a newborn thing in the development of our economy, of course, there is much room for improvement in the TV ads. I believe the TV ads will benefit both the advertisers and comsumers.”
又如关于5天工作制的主题：“I hope someday we will have a four-day work policy”。
（4） 提出建议或改进措施。
作者就上面问题进行分析、比较之后，往往提出一些解决方法供读者参考，这种方法同样也具有一定的渲染力。
四、写作必背句子汇总
1. Television and radio are almost the most powerful media compared with other means of mass communications like newspaper and magazine.
2. And media, is I understand, couldn’t be implementing the principles of fairness, objectiveness, all-roundedness and above all, the responsibility without any supervision.
3. If a country is democratic, media censorship would be simpler because the government only needs to care for the program’s social effect, such as the possible consequence of a movie about drug on teenagers.
4. Where was the censorship which may prevent such a disastrous test?
5. It can and will warn the government of some problems, like corruption, so that people can trust their governors more if they see the problems solved.
6. And this attitude — letting the audience decide what’s good for them with their own eyes, ears and minds, will guarantee a social stability in the long run.
7. Like the tangible environment, that is the air we breathe, the water we drink and the food on our dinner table, the world’s energy resources are the common wealth of all human beings on the globe.
8. The disequilibrium between nations makes it unavoidable and indeed very necessary to have worldwide cooperation.
9. The cooperation enables different nations, no matter energy rich or poor ones, to sensibly explore and make use of their energy resources by adjusting the supply and demand, and thus to avoid the so-called over-exploration and blind-consumption of the resources.
10. Once individual nations have realized that it is realistic for them to make sacrifices to conserve energy, and to take immediate actions, the ultimate beneficiary would undoubtedly be themselves.
11. Besides, the difference may, to some extent, stimulate the more experienced and skilled to work better, and the less experienced and skilled to work harder to catch up.
12. People come to realize that the many ranks and salary grades which are intended to serve as stimuli or yardsticks of experience and expertise may end up being barriers and doing more harms to both the employees themselves and the corporations they work for.
13. It is more of a desire for approval, a sense of duty, a wish to conform to custom, a feeling of emulation and a pleasure in craftsmanship.
14. But for good or ill, the conditions that made it possible are vanishing.
15. Last but not least, the many ranks and salary grades tend to form boundaries and divisions among employees, which restrict the flow of information.
16. And more times than not the overuse and abuse of power and the ambition which drives people to get power have brought more disasters than benefits.
17. That would be too ideal, some may argue, and maybe utopian, but in our life, we do have such people whom we call people with integrity.
18. We all have power as average people — the power of giving advice to friends, the power of maintaining a happy life and the power of getting power.
19. As we know, the highest level of our human needs, if met, renders us a full sense of success.
20. He didn’t take the trouble of reading them one by one as everyone else might do, instead, he did it in his own way — erasing them all.
21. As far as I am concerned, “to spend your life in your own way” should not only be the only definition of success, but also a motto in my life.
22. That is to say, to try to find what your advisees want and understand them, then to give a hand to them both helping them realize what they want and pinpointing their shortcomings in order to enable them to overcome.
23. However, we cannot take it for granted that technology changes everything in our life.
24. Some people even dreamed of a so-called paperless office.
25. Although theoretically the replacement may bring convenience to people and can avoid certain problems, in practice, the recent developments in technology can only change some aspects of the existing monetary system, not the entire one.
26. Therefore, knowing that the workplace is not as private as they might think it to be, and that the workplace is not as relaxing and recreational as their private territory, employees should go all their way to keep their private lives and personal activities as separate as possible from the workplace.
27. What is less obvious is that the final product is not turned out all of a sudden.
28. They view it as an integral part of the company strategy — the strategy for managing each stage of production so as to minimize or eliminate errors.
29. Quality control is consciously considered at each stage of the operations process, with the goal of identifying and correcting mistakes as soon as possible, rather than waiting until the end of the operations process to discard or rework those flawed final products.
30. So, based on the above discussion, I agree with the opinion that the process of making or doing something in any enterprise is ultimately more important than the final product.
31. As a Chinese proverb goes, “One point of beauty can hide a hundred points of ugliness”. People usually think that a person’s greatness in a certain field can make his or her failings as a human being neglectable.
32. And also people tend to be generously tolerant of the failings of those achievers in different fields, just as another Chinese proverb goes, “Those who are good at this must be weak at that”.
33. As we know, “pride” can lead to backwardness; “covetousness” instigates people to grasp all but end up losing all.
34. Secondly, the greatness achieved by those people with failings as a human being may not last very long, especially the greatness achieved through inappropriate means, such as corruption in politics, unjustifiable competition in business and even unlawful behaviors in the society etc.
35. If not given enough emphasis, such failings can put an end to all their greatness and even and end to themselves.
36. In Alvin Toffler’s terms, the whole world is being swept by the Third Wave — information revolution, which is directly or indirectly based on knowledge.
37. But the theory may only be practical in an ideal society in which people won’t suffer any problem such as poverty, violence and war.
38. This experience tells me two sides of the coin. On the one side, the government may give a thousand reasons for cutting down the trees. It is urban construction. On the other side, people should be educated. They should know that cutting down trees is a crime of violation their living environment. And the education task should be done by the government.
39. Now, the old command-and-control environment that existed when the world wasn’t moving so fast really has to be changed.
40. However, in practice, the system is widely abused. Worse still, a number of children are exploring the Internet’s adult materials, and the number is on the rise.
41. It is like the way everyone of us is subject to the influence of the environment, children of different nations are all possible to be affected by the adult materials on the Internet, because the Internet is as widespread as the environment and because the problems of childern’s access to the adult materials on the Internet are just as serious as the global environmental problems.
42. In this case, it is better for all nations to work together and take concrete measures, such as restricting the total amount of adult materials on the whole flowing into the Internet, keeping close track of the adult materials and setting up firewalls, drawing regulations to prevent as well as to control such problems, conducting continuous further research and experiments on the subject, and at the same time, educate children and adults as well with the consequences that adult materials have on children.
43. Another aspect of the saying that “public buildings reveal much about the society that builds them” is about what kind of new buildings are constructed most nowadays.
44. As a mirror, it reflects the government’s and people’s value about education.
45. In fact, making plans, like setting goals, can make me aware of where I’m heading, avoid indulging in time-wasting activities, help me make the right decisions and more importantly, be ready for success.
46. People must live together and cooperate to survive the sometimes fierce nature — they might be threatened by coldness, hunger and even worse, the attack of ferocious animals.
47. It’s not wrong to say that the primary duty and concern of a corporation is to make money, but it’ll be wrong to infer then conflict is inevitable when the corporation must also acknowledge a duty to serve society, because making money is a means, not an end.
48. To quote Fortune Magazine, “Business education has become largely irrelevant to business practice… MBA lack creativity, people skills, aptitude for teamwork and the ability to speak with clarity and conciseness — all hallmarks of a good manager.”
49. An old Chinese saying goes, “History mirrors the present and the future”. Such people do not gain the trust of others through their verbal and nonverbal behaviors either, because, without literature, they can’t get their messages cross properly.
50. Whether we are at work, at home, or anywhere else, our lives are tied to machines.
51. This kind of being tied to machines gives some people an impression of being chained.
52. The digital revolution sweeping through every corner of the business community is have its share of impacts — both large and small — in our lives.
53. And believe it or not, at the end of that article “On Not Answering the Telephone”, the same author says, “I have just been handed a slip of paper to say that somebody is waiting to speak to me on the telephone.”
54. I agree with the opinion that job security and salary should be based on employee performance, not on years of service.
55. By and large, rewarding employees primarily for years of service does a lot harm than good to both eh employees and organization.
56. Government does have the responsibility to support art sand fulfil its role as the principal sponsor of art and cultural development of the nation.
57. As we all know, ideas originate at the grassroots, and spring up in the streets, pass from galleries to museums and from clubs to concert halls, then return to the streets via radio, TV, and movies.
58. The boundary between private and public is one threshold where acts of communication, including those carried out through artworks, can become not only offensive but illegal, and as David Price argues “conduct becomes prohibited when the threshold is crossed and private choices encroaches upon public domain”.
59. But it is often difficult to judge what is offensive and what is not, and what is private and what is public.
60. Today more and more governments are taking as their responsibility to keep the delicate balance of safeguarding freedom of expression while minimizing the very real risks posed by expressions which harm or threaten to harm.
61. They think it is too much to expect young people to bridge the gap between intellectual