英语高考第一轮复习知识点与语法总结.doc

高考人教版英语高考复习知识点细讲总结第一轮复习

第 414 页 共 414 页
英语(新人教版)
知识梳理篇
必修1
Unit 1Friendship
Unit 2English around the world
Unit 3Travel journal
Unit 4Earthquakes
Unit 5Nelson Mandela — a modern hero
必修2
Unit 1Cultural relics
Unit 2The Olympic Games
Unit 3Computers
Unit 4Wildlife protection
Unit 5Music
必修3
Unit 1Festivals around the world
Unit 2Healthy eating
Unit 3The Million Pound Bank Note
Unit 4Astronomy: the science of the stars
Unit 5Canada—“The True North”
必修4
Unit 1Women of achievement
Unit 2Working the land
Unit 3A taste of English humour
Unit 4Body language
Unit 5Theme parks
Page No.5
必修5
Unit 1Great scientists
Unit 2The United Kingdom
Unit 3Life in the future
Unit 4Making the news
Unit 5First aid
选修6
Unit 1Art
Unit 2Poems
Unit 3A healthy life
Unit 4Global warming
Unit 5The power of nature
选修7
Unit 1Living well
Unit 2Robots
Unit 3Under the sea
Unit 4Sharing
Unit 5Travelling abroad
选修8
Unit 1A land of diversity
Unit 2Cloning
Unit 3Inventors and inventions
Unit 4Pygmalion
Unit 5Meeting your ancestors
选修9
Unit 1Breaking records &
Unit 2Sailing the oceans
Unit 3Australia &
Unit 4Exploring plants &
Unit 5Inside advertising
选修10
Unit 1Nothing ventured, nothing gained &
Unit 2King Lear
Unit 3Fairness for all &
Unit 4Learning efficiently &
Unit 5Enjoying novels
作文万能篇
记叙文
议论文
应用文(书信)Ⅰ
应用文(书信)Ⅱ
应用文(书信)Ⅲ
应用文(书信)Ⅳ
应用文(发言稿)
半开放式作文Ⅰ
半开放式作文Ⅱ
开放作文
语法提升篇
专题一名词与冠词
专题二代词
专题三形容词与副词
专题四连词
专题五动词的时态和语态
专题六情态动词和虚拟语气
专题七非谓语动词
专题八句子成分和种类
专题九名词性从句
专题十定语从句
专题十一状语从句
专题十二主谓一致
专题十三强调句，省略句，倒装句

必修1
核心单词
1. add
vt.& vi. 增加；加；加起来；补充说； 又说
常用结构：
add to增添；增加；增进
add ...to ...把……增添到……
add up合计，相加
add up to总数为；总计为
He added some wood to increase the fire.
他添了一些木柴，使火更旺些。
If you add 4 to 3 you get 7.四加三得七。
Unit 1 Friendship
Page No.11
I should like to add that we are pleased with the test result. 我还要补充一下，我们对测试结果很满意。
I don’t want to add to your trouble. 我不想给你添麻烦。
He wrote down the weight of each stone and then added up all the weights. 他把每一块石头的重量记下来，然后把所有的重量加起来。
The figures add up to 137. 这些数目加起来总和是137。
高手过招
单项填空
①That’s all I have to say. Is there anything you’d like to ______, John?
A. talk B. require C. add D. deliver
②That’s the very coin I need to ______ my collection.
A. add up B. add up to C. add on D. add to
Page No.12
①解析：选C。考查动词辨析。句意为：我要说的就是这些，
约翰你还有什么要补充的吗？
②解析：选D。add to的意思是“添加到”。
2. upset
adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的
vt. ( upset, upset) 使不安；使心烦；打翻；打乱
联想拓展
be upset by...被…… 打乱
upset oneself about sth.为某事烦恼
Our arrangements for the weekend were upset by her visit.
她一来把我们周末的安排给打乱了。
Don’t upset yourself — no harm has been done.
不要难过——并没有造成任何伤害。
He was horribly upset over her illness.
他为她的病而忧心忡忡。
The students really upset her. 学生们着实让她烦恼。
高手过招
用upset的适当形式填空（原创）
①The food my stomach.
②She felt rather on hearing the news.
③Is it an message?
④Don’t be . It will be OK.
①upset ②upset ③upsetting ④upset
3. ignore
vt. 不理睬；忽视
I said hello to her, but she ignored me completely.
我向她打招呼，可是她根本不理我。
He ignored the speed limit and drove very fast.
他不顾时速限制，把车开得飞快。
联想拓展
ignorant adj. (对某事物）不了解的；无知的；无学识的
be ignorant of/about sth.不知道；没有意识到
ignorance n.无知；愚昧；不知道
be in ignorance of/about sth. 不知道某事
易混辨析
ignore/neglect/overlook
ignore 通常指有意不顾，或不理会显而易见的事物。
neglect 侧重指有意的忽略或忽视，也可指粗心与疏忽。
overlook指因匆忙而疏忽或视而不见。
高手过招
（1）用ignore/neglect/overlook的适当形式填空 （原创）
①We could not afford to such a serious offence.
②He utterly my warnings and met with an accident.
③Don’t to pay him a visit now and then.
(1)①overlook ②ignored ③neglect
（2）单项填空
—So you didn’t say hello to him last night?
—Well, I stopped and smiled when I saw him, but he me and walked on. （2010·杭州一模）
A. Ignored B. refused C. denied D. missed
Page No.15
(2)解析：选A。答句句意为：我看到他就停下来冲他微笑，但是
他没理我就走了。ignore不理睬，忽视；refuse拒绝；deny否认，
拒绝给予；miss怀念，错过。
4. concern
n. ［U］关心，担心，担忧；［C］有利害关系的事
vt. 涉及，关系到，参与；使担心
联想拓展
concerning prep. 关于
concerned adj.有关的；担心的
concern sb.与某人有关
be concerned with sth.牵涉，与……有关；参与
concern oneself with 关心
be concerned about/for/over sth.担心；关心某事
as/so far as ... be concerned关于；至于；就……而言
As far as I am concerned, you can go wherever you want.
就我而言，你什么时候走都行。
We read stories concerning visitors from outer space.
我们读了关于天外来客的故事。
I was very concerned about my mother’s illness.
我很担心母亲的病情。
高手过招
（1）单项填空
The meeting was concerned reforms and everyone present was concerned their own interests.
（2010·福建厦门双十中学检测）
A. with; for B. for; which C. for; about D. about; with
（2）用concern的适当形式填空（原创）
①There is an article that the rise of the prices.
②The children are rather about their mother’s health.
③Officials should themselves public affairs.
(1)解析：选A。句意为：这次会议牵涉到改革，在场的每个人都很担心自己的利益。be concerned with 牵涉到,和……有关；be concerned for/about 担心；关心。
(2)①concerns ②concerned ③concern；with
5. settle
vi. 安家；定居；停留
vt. 使定居；安排；解决
Both wanted to settle their scores.双方都愿意尽弃前嫌。
常用结构：
settle down 镇定下来
settle in 在……定居
He settled his child in a corner of the compartment.
他把孩子安顿在车厢的一个角落里。
The family has settled in Canada.
这家人已定居加拿大。
Page No.18
高手过招
单项填空
①—Do you know anyone in Paris?
—No. I’ll make friends once .（2010·福建厦门六中检测）
A. I’m settled B. I have settled
C. I’ll be settled D. I’m settling
②The brake of your bicycle has come loose. You’d better it .（2010·陕西西安交大附中）
A. settle B. fix
C. pick D. correct
①解析：选A。settle作“安家”讲时，既可用settle，也可用be settled。本题是由once(一旦)引起的时间状语从句，故用一般现在时表将来。
②解析：选B。由句意可知，因为自行车的车闸坏了，因此要“修理”。
Page No.19
6. suffer
vt. 遭受；忍受；蒙受
vi.后接from/for意为“受……之苦”，“患……疾病”
常用结构：
suffer an attack/a defeat/losses/pains
遭受打击/失败/损失/痛苦
He suffered hard pains from the accident.
他忍受着事故带来的痛苦。
Do you suffer from headaches? 你经常头痛吗?
She’s suffering from loss of memory. 她患有遗忘症。
联想拓展
sufferer n. 受苦者，受难者
suffering n.痛苦，苦难
Page No.20
高手过招
（1）单项填空
In the countryside there are many dropouts (辍学者). I think the difficulty the poor economic conditions.（2010·浙江嘉兴一轮检测）
A. lies in B. result in
C. leads to D. suffers from
（2）翻译句子
我们在金融危机中损失惨重。
(1)解析：选A。考查短语辨析。lie in在这里相当于because of。
(2)We suffered huge losses in the financial crisis.
Page No.21
重点短语
7. go through
经历；经受；检查；浏览；用完；做完
The country has gone through too many wars.
这个国家经历了太多的战争。
She’s gone through a bad patch recently.
她最近经历了一段困难时期。
Have you gone through all your money already?
你把所有的钱都花完了吗？
I went through the students’ papers last night.
昨晚我仔细阅读了学生的试卷。
联想拓展
go after追求；追赶
go ahead 前进；请说（做）吧
go by走过；（时间）过去
go along with向前；（与......)一起去
go in for爱好；从事
Page No.22
go out 外出；（灯，火）熄灭
go over 越过；复习
go through with 做完；完成
go up 爬上；（价格等）上升
高手过招
单项填空
①We’d better try to with the experiment, I think. Now let’s with it.（2010·河南许昌一模）
A. go through; go on B. go on; go over
C. go over; go through D. go on; go through
②If a person has taken too much medicine by mistake, you should make the person .（2010·平顶山一中月考）
A. go up B. rise up
C. throw up D. set up
Page No.23
①解析：选A。go through with sth.意思是“做完，完成”；go on with 意思是“继续”。
②解析：选C。throw up的意思是“呕吐；吐出”。
8. get sth.done
让别人做某事/使得某事被做
done是过去分词作宾语补足语，与have sth. done句型的用法一样。
get sb./sth. doing使某人/某事物……起来
get sb. to do sth.使/让某人做某事
get done （状态的改变）get作系动词，相当于be
get away逃脱；离开
get back回来；取回
get by维持生活；通过
get down to sth./doing sth.开始认真做某事
get in进站；到达；收集
get off下来；下车
get on上车；进展；进步
Page No.24
get cross(对……)生气，发脾气
get in one’s way挡路，妨碍
get used to doing sth.习惯做某事
get involved in涉及
get in touch with和……取得联系
get it了解，懂得，明白
高手过招
（1）单项填空
The final examination is coming up soon. It’s time for us to our studies. （2010·河南焦作一中月考）
A. get down to B. get out
C. get back for D. get over
（2）完成句子（原创）
①讲解后，老师让我们思考起问题来。
Shortly after the explanation the teacher got us .
Page No.25
②我们将很快为你订制一套新衣服。
We will get a new suit for you.
③她试图使他说话。
She tried to get him .
(1)解析：选A。该题根据交际情景考查短语动词的用法。根据题意，此处指开始认真学习，故选A。get down to开始认真考虑，符合题意。get out出去，离开，逃脱，泄露；get back for回来，恢复；get over爬过；克服，熬过；恢复，原谅。故B、C、D三项均不符合题意。
(2)①thinking ②made ③to talk
9. set down
放下；记下；登记
Passengers may be set down and picked up only at the official stops.乘客只有在正式车站方可上下车。
Page No.26
联想拓展
set about (doing sth.) 着手（做某事）
set out (to do sth.)开始，着手(做某事)
set aside留出；不顾
set back（把钟等）往回拨；推迟
set free释放；解放
set off动身，出发（去某地）；使爆炸
set out动身，出发；安排，组织
set up开办；建立；设立
set an example to树立榜样
set fire to ...= set ... on fire纵火烧
be set in以……为背景
The bad weather set back the building programme by several weeks.
由于天气恶劣，建筑计划延误了好几个星期。
We need to set about finding a solution.
我们得着手寻找一个解决办法。
Page No.27
温馨提示
set about 和set out都可作“开始/着手做某事”讲，但set about 后加doing sth.， 而set out后加 to do sth.。
高手过招
单项填空
As soon as he got to the office, he the students’ papers.
（2010·山东济南一中月考）
A. got down to correct
B. got down to correcting
C. set down to correcting
D. sit down to correcting
解析：选B。get down to意思是“着手做某事”，其中to是介词，
后跟名词或动名词。
Page No.28
10. on purpose
故意
The boy broke Jack’s window on purpose. He wanted to frighten Jack.
那男孩是故意打破杰克的窗玻璃的，他想吓一下杰克。
联想拓展
purpose n. 目的，用途；目标；重要意义
for the purpose of 为了……
to little/no purpose 作用不大/徒劳
The purpose of the book is to provide a complete guide to the university.
这本书的目的是全面介绍这所大学。
高手过招
用purpose的适当形式或短语填空 （原创）
①He didn’t do it .
②What was your ?
①on purpose ②purpose
Page No.29
11. join in
参加；加入
They didn’t have enough time to join in the activity.
他们没有足够的时间来参加这个活动。
联想拓展
join sb. in sth.与某人一起做某事
join up入伍；参军
join up with sb.与某人联合；会合
join hands with sb.与某人拉起手来；合伙；联合
Will you join me in a walk? 你愿意和我一起散步吗？
Let us join hands in friendship.
让我们携手共建友谊吧。
Page No.30
易混辨析
join in/join/take part in/attend
join in 参加正在进行着的活动。如游戏、讨论、辩论、谈话等。
join ①参加某组织或团体，并成为其中一员;②来和某人待在一起。
take part in 参加会议或有组织的群众性活动，并在其中发挥一定的作用。
attend 正式用语，指参加会议、仪式、婚礼、葬礼、上课、上学、听报告等，句子的主语是去听去看，自己不一定起积极作用，相当于be present。
高手过招
用join/join in/take part in/attend的适当形式填空（原创）
①I decided to the club to have dance training.
②Would you like me to the game?
③I a meeting last month.
④I will have to his funeral next week.
①join ②join in ③took part in/attended ④attend
Page No.31
重点句型
12. ...but your friend can’t go until he/she finishes cleaning his/her bicycle.
……但是你的朋友不把自行车弄干净不能走。
not ... until 意为“直到……才”，表示主句谓语的动作直到until状语的时间才发生，主句的谓语动词表示的是动作的开始。until引导从句时，如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动作，则主句用肯定式；如果主句中的谓语动词是短暂性动词，则用否定形式。
“It is/was not until+被强调的部分+that ...”相当于“Not until ... did (does, do, is ...)+主语 ...”意为“直到……才”，是强调形式。
You must stay in bed until your temperature is normal.
体温正常后，你才能起床。
He didn’t leave until the meeting was over.
直到会议结束他才离开。
Page No.32
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a film star.
=Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a film star.
=I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
直到她摘下墨镜我才认出她是一位电影明星。
高手过招
单项填空
①Not until , settle the problem. （2010·潍坊一轮验收）
A. he returns; can we B. he returns; we can
C. does he returns; we can D. does he return; we can
②It was back home after the experiment.
A. not until midnight did he go
B. until midnight that he didn’t go
C. not until midnight that he went
D. until midnight when he didn’t go
Page No.33
①解析：选A。当not until位于句首时句子需倒装。句意为：直到他回来我们才能解决这个问题。
②解析：选C。强调句型It is/was ...that对not until ...进行强调时，需把not until ...放到强调结构中，故选C。
13. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.
遛狗的时候，你太大意了，一松手，狗就被车撞了。
while walking the dog是连词while加现在分词短语结构，强调分词的动作正在发生，相当于while you were walking the dog。
在时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中，如果从句的主语与主句的主语一致，谓语含有系动词be，可以省略从句的主语和系动词be。
When crossing the street, you should be careful.
过马路时，你应当小心。
If heated, water can be turned into vapour.
如果受热，水会变成蒸气。
Page No.34
温馨提示
在状语从句中，如果从句的主语为it时，也可以将it和助动词be省略。
Whenever possible they would stop him and ask the three questions.可能的话，他们就让他停下问他这三个问题。
高手过招
单项填空
① with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. （2010·山东莱州检测）
A. Compares B. When comparing
C. Comparing D. When compared
② the two systems, little man found the latter advantageous.(原创)
A. Compare B. When compared
C. Compared D. When comparing
Page No.35
①解析：选D。考查状语从句的省略用法。在状语从句中，如果从句的主语与主句的主语相同或者主语为it时，可以将从句中的主语或者it和助动词be省略。本句是将状语从句“When it is compared with the size of the whole earth”中的it is省略，因此正确答案为D。
②解析：选D。考点省略。在状语从句中，当从句中的主语与主句的主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，通常采用省略形式。句中的little man与compare之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，故选D。
14. I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
此句中的it’s ...that是强调句型。关于强调句型，我们需要掌握以下几点：
Page No.36
（1）强调句型的基本结构：
“It is/was+被强调的成分+that/who+其他成分”用来强调主语、宾语和状语等成分。that只起连接作用，不作成分，但不能省略。当被强调部分为sb.作宾语时，可用who,也可用that,其他情况一律用that。强调主语时，that后的谓语动词必须与被强调的主语在人称与数上保持一致。
（2）特殊句式中的强调句型：
①如果强调的是特殊疑问句中的疑问词，表示“到底”、“究竟”等语气时，就用如下结构：
“特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that/who+该句的其余部分”，that/who后只能使用陈述语序。
②在“not ...until”结构中，由until所引导的短语（或从句）作时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型：“It+is/was+not until ...+that+该句的其余部分”，that所引导的从句中的谓语动词用肯定式。
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（3）强调句型要注意和it代表时间、距离、温度、自然现象、具体事物或人物等时所构成的各种句型的区别。判断是否是强调句，可采用“还原法”。如果还原为一般句式后，句子各种成分完整，则是强调句，否则不是。
It was three o’clock when I got home.
我到家的时候三点。
It was at three o’clock that I got home.
三点钟我到的家。
It was in his town that he was brought up.
他是在镇上被养大的。（强调句）
It was this town where/in which he was brought up.
这是他被抚养长大的城镇。（定语从句）
（4）英语中常用助动词do, does或did强调谓语。
He did go to the airport yesterday, but he didn’t find you.
他昨天确实去了机场，但他没有找到你。
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It is I that/who am going for a holiday with Mary.
是我跟玛丽一块儿去度假。
When is it that we will have a meeting?
我们什么时候开会？
高手过招
单项填空
It is in that poor village, Mary lived and worked 15 years ago, she will build her first school, which inspires everyone to help her.（原创）
A. where; when B. that; that
C. that; when D. where; that
解析：选D。句意为：就是在那个她生活和工作了15年的贫穷的村庄，玛丽将要建起她的第一座学校，这一点鼓舞了人们来帮她。第一空为where引导的非限制性定语从句，第二空填that,构成强调句型，强调地点状语。
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15. I don't want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do ...
我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账……