大学英语四级阅读.doc

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2009年6月英语四级阅读备考(1)
There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested inspelling .No school I have taught in has ever _____ spelling or considered it unimportantas a basic skill. There are, however , vastly different ideas about how to teach it , or howmuch _____ it must be given over general language development and writing ability. Theproblem is , how to encourage a child to express himself freely and _____ in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling?If spelling become the only focal point of his teacher’s interest, clearly a __4__child will be likely to “play safe”. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range,choosing to avoid __5__ language. That’s why teachers often __6__ the early use ofdictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing abouta personal experience ：“ This work is __7__ !There are far too many spelling errors andyour writing is illegible( 难以辨认的 ).” It may have been a sharP__8__ of the pupil’stechnical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omittedto read the essay, which __9__ some beautiful expressions of the child’s deePfeelings.The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centredon the child’s ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would havegiven the pupil more __10__ to seek improvement.
选项:
A)priority B)criticism C)contained D)clearlyE)adventurous F ) discourage G)motivation
H)terrible I)ignored  J)difficult  K)encourage L)expressed M)confidently N)bright O)motive L)expressed
答案及导读
答案:
　　1. 选 I )由该句中的 has 可知，此处应填动词过去式，且表达的含义应和后面的 consider…unimportant 相近，故应排除 contained 和 expressed而选择 ignored 。
　　2. 选 A ) 此处应填名词，但能与后面 over 构成固定搭配的名词只有 priority ，故排除 了 criticism 和 motivation 。
　　3. 选 M) 由空格前面的 and 可知，此处应填副词和 freely 并列。从句意来理解，在没有拼写困难的情况下，怎样鼓励学生自由且 …… 地表达自己，选项中只有 confidently “自信地“符合题意。
　　4. 选 N ) 很明显这里应填形容词，选项中 terrible ， difficult 后接事物名词 something ，只有 adventurous 和 bright 可用来形容 somebody （ child )，再由后面的play safe“不冒险”，可排除adventurous而选择bright。
　　5. 选 E ) 由前一句中的 be likely to “ play safe ”和空格前的 avoid可以推知，此处所填词的意思应与play safe表达的意思相反，故选项中只有adventurous符合题意。
　　6. 选 K ) 很明显此处应填动词的一般现在时，可选项有 encourage和 persuade 。由 That’s why 知本句与前一句构成因果关系，而前一句说的是学生往往会用他们拼写范围内的词写文章，从而选择避免用那些不会的词，故由此可推知此句应理解为老师鼓励学生用字典，因此排除 persuade 而选encourage。
　　7. 选 H ) 此处应填形容词。由空格后面的 too many spelling errors和illegible可知，这篇文章是写的很糟，而不是很难理解。故排除difficult而选terrible。
　　8. 选 B ) 此处应填名词。由后半句中 a sad reflection on the teacher可知，前半句是在指责学生，故选项中只有criticism符合题意。
　　9. 选 C ) 此处填动词过去式，本句中由 which 引导的从句是对 essay的解释，剩余选项中 contained 和 expressed ，根据句意，文章 …… 儿童内心感受的一些好的表达，故只有 contained 符合题意。
　　10. 选 G ) 此处应填名词。根据句意，如果老师更注重学生思想的表达的话，会给学生更大的动力去寻求提高；故排除 motive “动机，原因”而选 motivation 。
　　导读：
      There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling.No school I have taught in has everI)ignored spelling or considered it unimportant ( Noschool…ever…considered it unimportant… 其中 I have taught in 作定语修饰 school“我教书的学校” ，“ it ” 指代的即为 spelling ， 可以看出作者要说的是学校没有忽视spelling ) as a basic skill. There are, however ( 句意转折说明问题不在于学校是否重视拼写而是 how to teach it… ) , vastly different ideas about how to teach it, or how muchA)priority it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problemis, how to encourage a child to express himself freely and M)confidently in writing with outholding him back with the complexities of spelling?If spelling become the only focal point of his teacher’s interest, clearly a N)bright childwill be likely to “play safe”( 这里的关键是理解 “ play safe” 的意思，从后句“只写他会写的单词”可以看出他是怕拼错，故 play safe 即为“为了保险” ) . He will tend to write onlywords within his spelling range, choosing to avoid E)adventurous language. That’s whyteachers often K)encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content ratherthan technical ability ( ＝ spelling ability ) .I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personalexperience ：“ This work( 根据后面一句的解释，可知 this work 指的是 your writing 故第7 题填的词应和 illegible 感情色彩保持一致 ) is H)terrible !There are far too many spellingerrors and your writing is illegible( 难以辨认的 ).” It may have been a sharPB) criticismof the pupil’s technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection ( 表明了作者不赞同的态度，他看到的是文章中包含的好的表达，并且说明只有这样才能激励学生不断进步 ) on theteacher who had omitted to read the essay, which C)contained some beautiful expressions ofthe child’s deePfeelings. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if hispriorities had centred on the child’s ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentationwould have given the pupil more G)motivation to seek improvement.
全文翻译
家长们普遍认为中学现在已不再关注单词的正确拼写了。但我所教过的学校从来没有忽视过拼写，或就一种基本技能来说从没有认为它不重要。然而对于怎么来教拼写或者是从提高整个语言的发展和写作能力方面来说，把拼写放在什么样优先的地位存在着许多不同的看法。所存在的问题是，在写作当中怎样鼓励孩子不要让复杂的拼写来影响他流畅地，自信地表达自己的思想。如果字的拼写成为老师关心的惟一焦点，很明显，聪明的孩子很可能就会为“保险起见”，只写一些他会写的字，避免因冒险而出错的语言。那就是为什么老师常常鼓励学生很早就要使用字典，而且写作时重视内容而非拼写技能。有一次我非常震惊，在一篇描写个人经历的感情细腻的文章后面读到了这些话：“这篇糟透了！单词拼写错误太多。自己很难辨认！”这对于一个学生的写作技能也许是一次尖锐的批评，但它同时也悲哀地反映出那位老师忽视了去阅读一篇包含了表达孩子内心感情的文章。老师注意到了这些问题并没有错，但是如果他把重点放在关注孩子的思想上，只表示出他对孩子的拼写错误有点失望，就会给学生更大的动力去进一步提高。

2009年6月英语四级阅读备考(2)
题目
Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticismfrom coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessiveamount of __1__ or stress for young athletes. Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychologicaland research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as __2__ orquitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.The early years of development are __3__ years for learning about oneself. The sport settingis one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to__4__ with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives.Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can __5__affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents’ and coaches’ criticisms to heart and find aflaw(缺陷）in themselves.Coaches and parents should also be __6__ that youth sport participation does not become workfor children. That outcome of the game should not be more important than the __7__ of learning thesport and other life lessons. In today’s youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying moreabout who will win instead of __8__ themselves and the sport. Following a game many parents andcoaches __9__ on the outcome and find fault with youngsters’ performances. Positive reinforcementshould be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivatesand has a greater effect on learning that criticism. Again, criticism can create __10__ levels of stress,which can lead to burnout.
     A)process B)high C)enjoying D)anxietyE)settle F)cautious G)cooperate 　

     H)greatlyI)dropping J)hardly K)intense L)focusM)aspiration N)critical O)procedure

答案
1.选D) 由or可知，此处应填名词，并且所填名词和stress词语词性相同，选项中有anxiety和aspiration，但由最后一段中worryingmore可推出，压力会给运动员造成过多的焦虑，而不是渴望，故排除aspiration而选anxiety。
　　2.选I)由or可知， 此处应填动词的现在分词形式，且表达的意思应与quitting相近，故排除选项中的enjoying而选dropping“不再做（某事）”。
　　3.选N)此处应填形容词。从原文“成长过程的最初几年是了解自己的......时期。”可选项有cautious和critical，由后文中的valuable experiences和be used throughout their lives可推出，成长的最初几年是了解自己的关键时期，而不是谨慎时期。故排除cautious而选critical。
　　4.选G)此处应填动词， 且能与with构成搭配。可选项有settle和cooperate，而settle with sb. 意为“同某人解决（法律上的争端）",显然不符合题意，因此选cooperate“合作”。
　　5.选H)此处应填副词。可选项有greatly和hardly，由take......to heart可推出，教练和父母的反馈信息会极大地影响年轻运动员，故排除hardly而选greatly。
　　6.选F)由also可知， 此处应填与aware对应的形容词。因此，可选项有cautious和critical，但that从句解释的是参与体育运动不能成为孩子们的工作，故只有cautious符合题意。
　　7.选A)此处应填名词。由that可知，此处应填与outcome意思相反的词，故只有process“过程”符合题意，选项中procedure强调的是“程序”，故排除。
　　8.选C)由句中的instead of可知，此处应填动词的现在分词形式。根据worrying和instead of可推出，此处应填与worrying意思相反的词，因此，选项中只有enjoying符合题意。
　　9.选L)此处应填动词，且能与on构成搭配。可选项有settle和focus，但从句意来理解，比赛后，许多父母和教练......比赛结果，而且总是在挑剔年轻人在比赛中的表现。settle on“决定，同意：，显然与句意不符，故排除settle而选focus，focus on在此意为“看重"。
　　10.选B)此处应填形容词。但选项中的形容词有high和intense，应为这个形容词由来修饰名词level，而intense表示“紧张的，强烈的”不能用来修饰level，故选择high。
导读
导读：Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and otherteammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of D)anxiety or stress for young athletes.(其中aswell as表示“也，又”，它连接的是句子的主语，此句是一个复杂的简单句，句子的主干为Criticism...as well as pressure...。from coaches, parents, and other teammates修饰Criticism。)Stress can be physical,emotional, or psychological and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout.Stress can be physical... andresearch...。其中it指代的是Stress，因此可推出文章的最后一句与此句的照应。 Burnout has beendescribed as I)dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.(Burnout has been... quitting ofan activity...。其中that引导的定语从句修饰activity。at one time意为“一度，以前“，enjoyable意为”令人愉快的“。)The early years of development are N)critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuableexperiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to G)cooperate with others, make friends, and gainother social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedbackto youngsters can H)greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents’ and coaches’ criticisms to heart and finda flaw(缺陷)inthemselves.Coaches and parents should also be F)cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for children. That outcomeof the game should not be more important than the A)process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today’s youth sportsetting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of C)enjoying themselves and the sport. (In today’s...young athletes...。这是一个双重复合句，动词短语worrying more about后接who引导的宾语从句，而instead of后接的是省去了be的谓语，即”不是...... 而是担心......“。Following a game many parents and coaches L)focus on theoutcome and find fault with youngsters’ performances. Positive reinforcement should be provided regardless of the outcome.Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning that criticism. Again, criticism cancreate B)high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.
全文翻译
体育运动不仅是对体力的挑战，而且是对心理的挑战。来自教练，父母和队友的批评以及想要获胜的压力会给年轻的运动员造成一种过度的焦虑或压力。压力可以是身体上的，情感上的，或者是心理上的。而且研究已表明，它能导致人的精疲力竭。有人把这种状态描述为中断或放弃某种一度曾喜爱的活动。成长过程中最初的几年是了解自己的最关键时期。运动的环境能使运动员获得宝贵人生经验。例如，年轻运动员能学到怎样和他人合作，交朋友，并获得一些终生受用的其他社会技能。教练和父母始终都应该清楚一点，他们给年轻人的反馈信息会极大地影响他们。年轻人也许会谨记他们父母和教练的批评，并且找到自身的缺陷。教练和父母还因该谨慎一点，即参与体育运动并不会成为孩子们的工作。比赛结果应该不会比学习体育和其他一些人生经验的过程更为重要。现在在年轻人的体育运动环境中，年轻运动员也许更担心的是谁会赢得比赛，而不是在体育运动中体会乐趣。在一场比赛后，许多父母和教练看中的是比赛结果，总是找出年轻人在比赛表现中的失误。事实上，不论比赛结果如何，都要给他们积极的肯定。研究表明，与批评相比，积极的肯定更能激励人，在帮助学习上具有更大作用。相反，批评只会产生高度压力从而导致人们放弃某种活动。

2009年6月英语四级阅读备考(3)-快速阅读训练
In this section there are five passages followed by ten questions or unfinished statements. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
First read the following question.
31. The purpose of the passage is to_____.
A. describe ways of eliminating mosquito larvae
B. demonstrate the great differences among kinds of mosquitoes
C. show reasons for the high survival rate of mosquitoes
D. give a general description of mosquito development
Now read Text E quickly and mark your answer on your ANSWER SHEET.
Each variety of mosquitos has its favored kind of water accumulation for breeding, and almost every imaginable type of still water has been used by at least one kind of mosquito to lay its eggs. After the eggs hatch, the larvae continue to be closely associated with water’s surface at the tail ends of their bodies. Because the larvae develop this way, they are never found in the open water of lakes where they would merely serve as fish food, or in places where they would be damaged by wave action or water currents.
TEXT F
First read the following questions.
32. The main idea of the passage is ______.
A. how to play tennis
B. how to win a tennis match
C. the general introduction of the game
D. what is a game in tennis

33. The author drives his point home by______.
A. giving the details B. explaining step by step C. offering strong proofs D. making vivid descriptions
Now read Text F quickly and mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
Let’s talk about tennis between just two players. You know that the two players hit a ball across the net. One side must hit the ball so that the other player cannot hit it back over the net. The ball must stay within the lines. If the first player can’t do this, the opponent gets a point. The players always stop when one wins a point. To start play again, one player will serve. He or she throws the ball into the air and hits it. The ball must cross the net without hitting it. The other player must hit the ball back across the net before it hits the ground twice. If the ball doesn’t hit the net or the ground twice, the players keep hitting it over the net. This goes on until someone misses. A player needs four points to win a game. If both players have three points, then one must get two more points together to win. When one player wins six games, it is called a set. If each side wins five games, then one must win two more games together to win the set. If each player wins six games, they play one more game of seven points. A match usually has three or five sets.
TEXT G
First read the following question.
34. While at London airports, you have to present your passport at______.
A. the carousel B. the Immigration Hall C. the customs D. the Arrivals Hall
Now read Text G quickly and mark your answer on your ANSWER SHEET.

Arriving at London airports. Just follow these simple steps for a trouble free arrival. Follow the ARRIVALS sign if you are ending your journey in London or transferring to a UK domestic flight. This will take you to the Immigration Hall where you must present your passport and any necessary visa/health documentation.
At HEATHROW airport proceed downstairs to claim your baggage from the carousel indicating your flight number. At GATEWICK airport proceed downstairs in the North Terminal to claim your baggage from the carousel indicating your flight number. Free trolleys are available for your bags. To clear customs take the Red Channel if you have goods to declare or the Green Channel if you have no goods to declare. You will then be in the Arrivals Hall. From here you can obtain transport into central London; transfer between GATEWICK and HEATHROW airports and transfer to UK domestic flights.
参考答案：31. C)  32. B)  33. B)  34. B)

2009年6月英语四级阅读备考(4)
题目
Television, or TV, the modern wonder of electronics, brings the world into yo