四级强化讲义.doc

三， 逻辑部分
有话可说
正面
1，之生活角度
• Sb always consider topic as something to relax ourselves or something that can add color to the dull routine of everyday life.
2，之时间角度
• Topic, by occupying spare time so constructively, makes a person contented, with no time for boredom.
3，之学习角度
• In the process of …(visiting museums/travelling abroad), our knowledge will be well enriched and our horizons will be greatly broadened.
4，技术角度
• At the same time, young people should be encouraged to communicate with their peers and develop their interpersonal skills, which may help them greatly to reduce dependence on their parents and are essential in the maintenance of healthy mental condition.
5，经验角度
• By taking a major-related part-time job, students can not only improve their academic performance, but gain much experience that they will never be able to get from the textbook.
6，之经济角度
• Many people believe that international tourism can provide far-reaching influence on economic growth and local government should be encouraged to promote international tourism.
7，之环境角度
• Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming, but also would threaten to end human’s life on our planet.
8，之科技角度
• Digital TVs have entered into our families. They allow us to receive more channels not only from home, but from abroad. The way of getting information becomes more effective and convenient than it used to be.
反面
1， 之反面理由1学习
TV takes up limited precious children’s time which can be used for more valuable activities such as sports or homework. Therefore, this often results in poor academic performance and self-humiliation.
2， 之反面理由2生活
Many youngsters today are so preoccupied with computer games as to forsake food and sleep, resulting in a host of adverse consequences.
3，之反面理由3压力
• Students are already under considerable pressure from schoolwork. Therefore, out-off-school activities will only add to their burden.
4，之反面理由4金钱与精力
• Online shopping calls for money and energy, both of which are not affordable for us.
5，之反面理由5污染
• Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.
• Some of the pollutions are poisonous and dangerous to health.
6，之反面理由6身体健康
• In the first place, extra studies bring about unhealthy impacts on physical growth of children. Educational experts point out that, it is equally important to take some sport activities instead of extra studies when children have spent the whole day in a boring classroom.
7，之反面理由7心理健康
• Moreover, children will have less time to play and communicate with their peers due to extra studies. Consequently, it is difficult to develop their interpersonal skills and cultivate their character. They may become more solitary and even suffer from certain mental illness.
8，重要句式
• Punctuality is a necessary habit in all public affairs in civilized society. Without it, nothing could ever be brought to a conclusion; everything would be in a state of chaos.

四，谋篇
2011年6月大学英语四级考试真题
Online Shopping
• 1. 现在网上购物已成为一种时尚
• 2. 网上购物有很多好处， 但也有不少问题
• 3. 我的建议
As the Internet grows more and more prosperous and popular, an increasing number of people coming from all levels of society begin to join this army, for the Internet has already exerted a subtle influence on human beings, as it did in the case of online shopping which gives rise to a heated debate among the public.

A group of people tend to believe that online shopping enjoys many benefits. Firstly, the commodities sold on the web are much cheaper than that in shops. Secondly, it provides us with more convenience. We even don’t need to leave our homes to buy our favorite goods. But the other side is quite the opposite. To begin with, we may suspect whether the items we want are genuine. What’s more, in order to hunt a suitable goods, we may waste much valuable time on surfing the Internet.

From what has been discussed above, I cling to a belief that perhaps there is an element of truth in both ideas. Online shopping has both favorable and unfavorable aspects. Whatever effects it has, one thing is certain: It is the use that determines its values to our life.

小结
典型BIP模式的论证结构
• As + 背景句，+ 背景所引出的现象，+ for … has already exerted a subtle influence on引出影响，+ （ as it did in the case of 实例。）
• A tend to believe that 主题好/坏. Firstly, ___. Secondly, ___. But the other side is quite the opposite. To begin with, ___. What’s more, ___.
• From what has been discussed above, I cling to a belief that perhaps there is an element of truth in both ideas. 主题 has both favorable and unfavorable aspects. Whatever effects it has, one thing is certain: It is the use that determines its values to our life.

2010年12月大学英语四级考试真题
How should Parents Help Children to Be independent?
• 1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切
• 2. 为了让孩子独立, 父母应该……
With the stable rising of people’s living standard, the mode of modern family is undergoing a huge transformation. Nowadays, it is a common phenomenon that a couple only raises a kid, which has caused a series of side impacts on our society. One of the things that appeals to me most about this situation is that a growing number of children, spoiled by their parents, are becoming dependent.

The common view held by the public is that children are the core of each family, adopting an emperor-like life. Everyday when they come back home from school, the inviting food has been prepared in advance by their parents who have been afflicted by their work the whole day. After meal, parents have to remind their kids of the homework assigned by their teachers. When kids go to bed in the midnight, parents are still racking their brains for what breakfast they should cook for their children next day before them going to school. Could any phenomenon be more ridiculous than this?

It is high time that parents made a great difference to assist children in growing independent. I suggest that, firstly, it is a must for parents not to spoil their kids. Instead, they are required to encourage their kids to do their parts by their own hands, for the flower cultivated inside is unable to bloom. Secondly, do not ignore the magic of social practice. I feel obliged to arouse the awareness of parents that only our society is the touchstone of fostering children becoming independent. Only in this way can our teenagers have a promising future.

小结
典型BPP模式的论证结构
• With + 背景. It is a common phenomenon that + 现象. One of the things that appeals to me most about this situation is that + 引出主题。
• 描述性主体段。
• It is high time that___. Firstly, ___. Secondly,___. Only in this way can ___.

2009年12月大学英语四级考试真题
Green Campus
• 1. 绿色校园的重要性，
• 2. 什么样的校园是绿色的？
• 3. 我们应该怎么做。
The color of green never fails to fascinate human beings. We often consider it as the healthy sign or as something that symbolizes life. Nowadays, however, green color is disappearing from campus and replaced by all kinds of concrete forests gradually, which reminds us of the campus covered with green in the past.

In my mind, the ideal green campus first and foremost should be filled with green grasses, colorful flowers and flourishing trees in summer; should be dressed in silver in winter. Besides, trashes, like plastic bags, could not be found on campus’ tracks, for cleanliness is eternal theme of our time. In addition, college students are required to be good-mannered, full of vigor.

As far as I am concerned, I suggest that on the one hand, we are encouraged to introduce landscaping into campus. On the other hand, we have to focus great attention on self-improvement. Only in this way can we create a green campus and a green soul.

小结
典型PPP模式的论证结构
• Topic never fails to 喜欢词群 + sb. + 支持句（原因）. 通过今昔对比引出主题。（PP）
• In my mind, first and foremost, ___. Secondly, ___. Last but not least, ___.（注意由表及里的论证顺序）
• As far as I am concerned, I suggest that on the one hand, ___. On the other hand, ___. Only in this way can ___.

五， 模板
观点对比型 A and B模板1：
• Different people have various ideas on topic. Some prefer ___. Others tend to believe that ___. As to me, I agree to the first/second opinion.
• Of course, 不赞同观点的合理性. For example, ___. But, 不赞同观点的不足. The following reasons can account for my preference.
• The main reason is that 自己的态度. A good example to illustrate is that ___. In addition, ___. Taking the above-mentioned factors into consideration, I may say ___.

模板2：
• There is no complete agreement among people as to topic. Some people hold the point of view that ___. They hold this opinion because ___. Besides, ___.
• However, the other side of the picture is quite the opposite. They tend to argue that ___. For one thing, ___. For another thing, ___.
• Weighing up those arguments, I am in favor of the former one/latter one. Firstly, ___. Secondly, ___. In a word, I may reasonably draw a conclusion that ___.

观点对比文章结尾之中间路线
• From what has been discussed above, I cling to a belief that perhaps there is an element of truth in both ideas. Topic has both favorable and unfavorable aspects. Whatever effects it has, one thing is certain: It is the use that determines its values to our life.

观点对比文章结尾之趋利避害
• One of the things that appeals to me about topic is that they, by occupying our spare time so constructively , make a person contented, with no time for boredom! Therefore, we are required to take the advantage of the fruits and avoid the opposite aspects.

现象解释型 C and C模板1：
• Topic has been brought into focus. Nowadays, （现象表现或变化）. （topic所产生的问题）. The reasons for this phenomenon are varied.
• Among all the reasons, ___ play a very important role. I can illustrate this by an typical example. (具体事例)
• As far as I am concerned, I suggest that, firstly, ___. Secondly, ___. In a word, only in this way can ___.

模板2：
• There has been a discussion recently about topic. It is obviously that topic + （好处/危害）. Additionally, （进一步阐释）. So how to ___ is worthy paying attention to.
• On the one hand, ___. That is to say ___. On the other hand, ___. For example, ___. In addition, ___.
• In fact, more than three ways can ne adopted. As for me, I cling to a belief that we not only ___, but also ___. Only in this way can ___.