新课改理念下的初中英语口语教学--以天门中学为例.doc

On Oral English Teaching in Junior Middle Schools in Line with the New Curriculum
---A Case Study of Tian Men Middle School

新课改理念下的初中英语口语教学
--以天门中学为例

摘 要

当今世界各国之间商业、旅游、外事往来日益频繁，英语作为交际手段的国际性也越来越强，因此，英语口语也越来越受重视。然而在中学教育中，口语仍然是较薄弱的教学环节，特别是在一些农村学校，只注重语言知识的传授，而忽略了口语教学，大多数学生熟知语法、词汇，然而口语能力却非常滞后，形成了“哑巴英语”。那么我们该如何更好地提高学生的口语能力呢？本文主要探讨新课程标准基础上，如何紧扣新课标，运用多种教学方法，提高英语口语教学。另外本选题以天门中学为例，通过问卷调查和分析教学实践中存在的问题，在此基础上针对性地提出一些教学策略，比如：小组合作学习，用英语教学等，以期能提高英语口语教学，让学生形成讲英语的习惯，全面发展学生，让学生在学习上有更大的提高，以适应现在社会对人才的需要。

关键词：口语 新课标 教学方法

Abstract

With more business, tourism and foreign affairs done between countries around the world nowadays, English has an increasing importance as a means of international communication. Therefore, oral English is becoming more and more important. But in secondary education, oral English is still a relatively weak part of teaching. Especially in some rural schools, attention is paid only to grammar and vocabulary with no attention to oral English. Thus, it has formed “dumb English”. Then how can we better improve students' oral English ability? Based on the New Curriculum, this paper explores how to use different teaching methods to improve oral English teaching. Moreover, this paper takes a case study of Tian Men Middle School. Through questionnaire survey and analysis of the problems existing in teaching practice, the paper summarizes and provides some teaching strategies, for example: cooperative learning in groups, teaching in English and so on, aiming to improve oral English teaching, so that it can cultivate students’ habit of speaking English, develop the students in an all-around way and enable them to adapt to the society.

Key words: Oral English, New Curriculum, Teaching Method

Contents

Introduction 1
1 Traditional Teaching Model and New Curriculum 3
1.1 Traditional Teaching 3
1.1.1 Single Teaching Model 3
1.1.2 Exam-oriented Traditional Teaching 3
1.2 Oral English Teaching in Junior Middle Schools in Line with the New Curriculum 4
1.2.1 Requirements of the New Curriculum 4
1.2.2 Suggestions of the New Curriculum 5
2 Analysis of Oral English Teaching at Tian Men Middle School 7
2.1 The Curriculum of Teaching at the School 7
2.2 Analysis of the Questionnaire for the School 7
3 Strategies for Teaching Oral English in Junior Middle School in Line with the New Curriculum 11
3.1 Cultivating Students’ Habit of Speaking English 11
3.1.1 Application of the Games 11
3.1.2 Encouragement in English Performance and Recitation 12
3.2 Creating English Learning Atmosphere 12
3.2.1 Teaching in English 13
3.2.2 Improving Teachers’ Qualifications 13
3.3 Making Teaching Closely Related to Life 14
3.3.1 Building up Students’ Confidence 14
3.3.2 Creating English Corners 14
3.4 Cultivating the Student’s Interest of Learning Oral English 15
3.4.1 Cooperative Learning in Groups 15
3.4.2 Application of Evaluation Mechanism 15
Conclusion 17
Bibliography 19

Introduction

English New Curriculum requires, more attention to quality education, featuring quality education, people-oriented, student-centered teaching, allowing students to speak English so that they can cultivate the habit of speaking English. In the traditional Chinese teaching, the spoken language is relatively weak. In order to adapt to the New Curriculum reform and the demands of the society, teachers should use many kinds of teaching methods in the concept of the New Curriculum reform to strengthen oral English teaching. This topic refers to "New Curriculum standard" and the concept of the New Curriculum to analyze, through own teaching practice to find the problem in junior middle schools and investigate the present condition, finally proposed advice in the New Curriculum reform, the teacher should adopt different teaching methods to improve oral English in junior middle schools. English is very important in our lives and gradually becomes an indispensable part in our life. For example: in nineteenth century, the foreign country has made the reform movement about the oral English teaching. The main spirit of the reform movement is: spoken language is the first. This reform aroused many educators and linguists’ attention. The famous educator and educational theorist В. А. Сухомлиский(Wu Shiying, 2012:748-752) argues that "the so-called harmonious education, is how to make the two functions of the human activities together, in order to achieve the two balances: the first function is to recognize and understand the objective world, another is the self-expression, their inherent nature of the performance, to create their own world view, view, faith, will, character is in active labor, as well as performance and display in the relationship between the collective members." This means schools should create conditions and environment, so that students can be fully reflected. Linguist Schuchardt.H pointed (Liang Yi, 1997): the essence of language is communication. I think that it means we should use what we have learned, make it become a tool of communication.
With the importance of English in our life, our country has also made corresponding reform in English teaching standard, and some scholars on the English teaching method have also put forward some suggestions. For example, scholar Li Bing (2011) put forward "English is not just to study, English is not just to listen to them, English is not just to see it, and English is practice and speaking it. It is easy to know English must be spoken, can make knowledge from book into them own language, to achieve the communication purposes in English." In addition to Dai Xiaoyan (2010) in oral English teaching methods are proposed, she thinks "oral English teaching must consider the students language ability, take the student as the center, take the English as a communicative tool for systematic learning and training, and not just teach linguistic knowledge, or take English as a discipline theory knowledge, emphasize the English use (use) rather than usage (usage).
That is to say the teacher should teach students to use the language, and use English to communicate and practice in life. Still other scholars support the view that “based on stimulating students' interest, the teachers should help the students learning interest into learning motivation, understand the purpose of learning English is to communicate, which helps students to maintain learning oral English’s desire, participating activities to raise the level of spoken English." From the point of view of these scholars we can conclude, all teaching methods must take the student as the center, English teaching is not only for teaching while is to let the students really like it and use the language.

1 Traditional Teaching Model and New Curriculum
The concept of traditional teaching model and the New Curriculum teaching methods and teaching goals are all difference, the traditional teaching mostly emphasizes teachers, teachers mainly instruct the syllabus knowledge, while the New Curriculum is to take the student as center, and develop the students in an all-around way.
1.1 Traditional Teaching
In traditional education, teachers are according to the outline to design teaching content, let the students learn a section from the books, then in next class time will learn next part. This of them has little relationship. In surface, students’ looks study very well; actually they can’t use knowledge, which leads to students become a test machine. In traditional teaching, textbook is an important tool for teachers, and the teacher through students' learning practice to detect their learning effect. It is organized and order, which limits the students divergent thinking. The teaching method is single; students rarely have the opportunity to cooperate and learn each other, but only emphasize the student’s learning result and student competition.
1.1.1 Single Teaching Model
The traditional teaching mainly takes the teacher as the center; the teachers take the textbook as the center, mainly to teach textbook knowledge. For this method, teaching is mostly from the teacher, students take notes, or follow the teacher to read or write. The classroom is the main teaching place, where the students learn together, where it is to emphasize the teacher's dominant position. The blackboard is the mostly used teaching tool, which becomes a single teaching mode and can not arouse students' interest. To sum up, the traditional teaching is mainly to improve the students score.
1.1.2 Exam-oriented Traditional Teaching
English is one of the important subjects of basic education. Over the years, China has invested a lot of human, material and financial resources in English education. However, the result is not ideal, especially in junior middle school, English teaching is not optimistic, and the polarization phenomenon is very serious, result the level of English teaching is low. Investigate the reason; firstly, most teachers' education concept, method, ability and foreign language level can not meet the social development. Many English teachers knowledge based, emphasis textbook knowledge, it still belongs to close traditional teaching. Secondly, although China's current education reform has achieved some results, but many systems are still not perfect. The exam as a tool distinguished disadvantage students and better-off students. Therefore, most of the teachers under the stress in oriented education exam. Just pay attention to the student’s goal and ignore cultivate them ability about oral English. In this way, students lack of oral English practice. The students' interest in learn English will reduce; students learn English just for test and don’t know how to use in life. Especially in some rural schools is particularly evident, because the teacher should improve the students' test scores, so teachers had to take the score as the center, in order to improve test grade.
1.2 Oral English Teaching in Junior Middle Schools in Line with the New Curriculum
The New Curriculum points out the mission in the elementary phase to stimulate and cultivate students' interest in learning English, and make students build self-confidence, develop their autonomous learning ability and cooperation, to make students master some basic skills of English knowledge, such as listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills. (Liang Baohuan, 2012)
1.2.1 Requirements of the New Curriculum
The stage of compulsory education start from the third grade, end to the third grade in junior high school (i.e. compulsory education grade 9), and combined with high school of English curriculum. The stage of basic education curriculum (including compulsory education and high school two stages) is divided into nine levels according to the ability, forming sustainable development course. In the nine stage target system, one to five is the compulsory education (equivalent to 3 ~ 9 grade). Among them, the first level is start; the second level ends to six grades and requirements students attend the basic demand. When the students come to the five levels should finish the nine grade task. Six to nine grade is general high school (equivalent to 10 ~ 12 grade). Among them, the seven levels is basic requirements for high school graduation, level eight and level nine is designed for whose want to improve their English comprehensive ability. In the nine level of the target, grade one, grade three and grade four is the transitional period between compulsory education, and the six levels is the transition period for senior high school (2011).
Setting up the transition level is benefit to teach different stages, but also provides the curriculum flexibility and openness. And the most important is the compulsory education overall goal of English course, teachers should cultivate students five ability; they are using language, language knowledge, emotion and attitude, learning strategies and cultural awareness. The language knowledge and language skills is the basic language application ability; cultural awareness helps to correctly understand the language and to use language appropriately; positive emotional attitude to promote students' active learning and sustainable development; effective learning strategies can improve the learning efficiency, development students autonomous learning ability. These five aspects complement each other, and promote the language application ability about formation and development. Combined with the New Curriculum requirement students to achieve learning goals, also the New Curriculum puts forward some effective suggestions for teaching.
1.2.2 Suggestions of the New Curriculum
The teaching method is the basic conditions to develop teaching, is also the basic condition to realize the education goal, it exists in all teaching activities. Therefore, the teaching method plays a major role in the teaching practice; it is indispensable part of teaching theory. For teachers, choose the correct method is important to promote their learning interesting and improve the quality of teaching. The New Curriculum put forward some effective suggestions, such as: (1) for all students. Teachers should fully understand the students language ability and know well New Curriculum requirements, select the appropriate teaching method, grasp the difficulty of learning, to mobilize the students enthusiasm, enable them to maintain the confidence in learning English, feel the fun of learning English, obtain success in learning English, also enable them make a progress in learning English. (2) Respect for individual differences. Teachers should be fully aware of the student’s experiences, learning level and the learning style. They should respect their individuality, and make full use of students’ different potential, in order to teach students in accordance with their aptitude, providing varieties of development space for students. The teacher should guide them according to the students learning problem. (3) Optimize teaching. Teachers should try to create a harmonious atmosphere, arrangement teaching contents reasonable and organize different interactive forms, encourage students observation, experience, inquiry, cooperation to learn and use English, create opportunities to practice language for them as much as possible, guide them to learn independent. Take a tolerant attitude to students in the learning process of language errors; select the appropriate timing and flexible method to handle errors in language practice. (4) Stressed foundation. Teachers should be based on the actual situation to establish teaching goal. Especially, at the stage of primary school, teachers should pay more attention to cultivate the students' learning attitude, a strong interest in learning and good learning habits. (2011) We can see from the above suggestions, the new English curriculum hope teacher takes the students as the center, development students diff