北师大英语词根记忆法.doc

北师大英语词根记忆法
英语单词中约90%的词都是由词根、前缀、后缀构成的，而且都是学生记忆比较困难的词。将来的考研词汇、托福词汇、专业外语词汇也是与词根密不可分的。我做过试验，让学生在10分钟内记忆三组同一家族（即同一词根的）词，约30个单词。 随后检验结果非常好， 即使是学习成绩还不算好的学生都差欢嗄芗亲　?四级词汇所需词根约150个， 能扩展出近2000单词。加上高中所学1800单词， 基本能满足四级考试所需词汇。 这里将陆续推出在我们所学的当代大学英语每一册各单元的词汇表中构词力较强的词根。所以只要你每天抽出10分钟记忆一个单元的词，再花10分钟自测一下，50天坚持下来相信你的词汇量绝对是今昔非比！而且你学会了一种能力-猜词，这对你今后的自学、发展、深造都是一大笔本钱。更重要的是， 这样记忆的词不容易忘掉了！

Unit 1 家族认亲-举一反十

1.just=right 正
just: a./adv. 正义的, 公平的;应得的;合理的; 刚好
just price/punishment 公正的价钱/应得的惩罚 just now 刚才
justice: n. 正义, 正直, 司法
sense of justice 正义感/treat sb with justice 公正地对待某人
justify: v. 证明…为合理,正当;辩护 [-fy 动词后缀]
Nothing can justify your cheating in the exam.
justifiable: a.可证明为正当的;无可非议的 [-able形容词后缀]
justifiable abortion 正当的流产
justification: n. 正当理由 He was getting angry, and with justification.
justified: a. 有正当理由的
As the goods was damaged, she felt justified in asking for her money back.
injustice: n. 不公正 [in 否定前缀] eg: Pride and Injustice 傲慢与偏见
unjust: a. 不公正 [un否定前缀]
adjust: v. 调整, 使…适应 [ad 朝向 + just 正 调整]
adjust the watch/the focus of camera/ adjust oneself to
调表/调整焦距/ 使…适应
adjustment: n.
adjustable: a. 可调整的

2. sign=mark 记号, 符号
sign: n. 记号, 符号; 招牌; 迹象; 手势 v. 签名, 示意
traffic sign 交通灯/deaf-and-dumb signs 聋哑语
signal: n. 信号;预兆 [-al名词前缀]
signature: n. 签名 [-ture名词后缀]
signify: v. 意味着, 表明 Dark clouds signify rain.
significant: a. 有意义的, 意味深长的,重要的
signification: n. 含义
design: n./v. 设计, 预定 [de-加强意义]
designer: n. fashion designer 服装设计师
designate: v. 表明, 指示; 指定 He was designated as the director.
assign: v. 指定, 指派,分配 [as-加强意义] eg: assign sb to do sth ;
assignment: n. 分配的工作, 作业 heavy reading assignment
assignation: n. 选定, 分配
resign: v. 辞职, 放弃 [re=off 离去]

3．center/centre: n. 中心
central: a. central nervous system/air conditioning 中枢神经系统;中央空调
centralize: v. 使中心化, 集中 [ ize-动词后缀]
concentrate: v. 集中,专心 [con= together ]
I can’t concentrate my mind on the study.

4.liter=letter 文字, 字母
letter: n.信, 字母 ,文学(pl.)
literature: n. 文学
literal: a. 文字的, 字面上的 literal translation 字面翻译
literary: a. 文学的 literary works/ critics 文学作品; 文学评论
literate: a.能识字会写的 Only a few of those peasants(农民) are literate.
Literacy: n. 有文化, 识字 the adult literacy campaign 成人扫盲运动
illiterate: a. 文盲 [il- 否定前缀] computer illiterate 计算机盲
semi-literate: 半文盲 [semi=half]
anti-illiterate: 扫盲 [anti=against]

Unit 2 家族认亲-举一反十

1. vac, vacu=empty 空
vacant: a. 空的, 未被占用的, 空缺的
比较 blank, empty, vacant, bare vacant: 未被占用的 vacant room/ post /time 空房间;空缺; 空闲时间 blank: 空白的, 未填写的 blank cheque 空白支票 empty: 空间内空无一物; 无人 empty box/house bare: 表面光秃秃, 空无一物 bare hill/head 光秃秃的山; 秃头
vacate: v. 使空出, 腾出 vacate the hotel room
vacation: n. 假期(空闲) be on vacation /go on vacation 度假/summer vacation
vacancy: n. 空白, 空地, 空缺, 空虚
fill a vacancy in one’s knowledge 填补知识空白
vacuum: n./a./v. 真空; 真空的; 使真空
vacuum cleaner/ packaging 真空吸尘器; 真空包装

2. grad, gred=step, grade, go
grade: n./v. 等级, 分数; 分等, 评分
in the second grade 二年级 / got grade A in the exam 考试得了A 等
gradation: n. 等级, 层次, 刻度 gradation on the thermometer 温度计上的刻度
gradual: a. 逐渐的, 缓坡的 gradual increase/ recovery 逐步提高/恢复
graduate: v./n. 获得学位,毕业/准予毕业, 提高, 升级; 大学毕业生, 毕业生, 研究生
v. He graduated from/ was graduated from Oxford. 他从牛津大学毕业
The school graduates 2000 students each year. 这个学校每年有2000名毕业生
n. a graduate in medicine 医科毕业生;
graduate course/ school 研究生课程;研究生院
graduated: a. 毕业的; 分阶段的; 累进的 graduated tax 累进税
postgraduate: 研究生
undergraduate: 本科生
upgrade: 升级, 提拔; 上坡
degradation: 降级 [de=down]

3. press=press, force 压, 强迫
press: v./n. 按, 压, 挤,紧贴, 强迫; 印刷, 出版; 报刊, 出版社, 新闻界
press the button/ the juice 按按钮/榨汁; foreign press 外文刊物
pressing: a. 紧迫的 pressing business/ need 急事; 急需
pressure: n. 压力, 强制 blood pressure 血压/ international pressure 国际压力
compress: v. 压缩 [ com=together]
depress: v. 压抑, 使沮丧, 压下 [ de=down]
depressed: a. 压抑的, 沮丧的 feel / be depressed at sth
depressing: a. 令人压抑的, 沮丧的 the depressing atmosphere令人压抑的气氛
depression: n. 压抑
express: v./a./n. 表达; 压; 特快的; 快运 [ex=out 往外压, 挤 表达,加快]
(1) express oneself 表达自己
(2) express telegram加急电报/company快递公司/train 特快列车
(3) by express 特快/ express way 高速公路
expression: n. 表达, 词句, 措辞; 表情
common expression 普通用语/facial expression 面部表情
impress: v. 印, 盖印; 留下印象 [im=in 印到里面 留下印象]
be impressed by对…留下印象/ impressed stamp 盖过戳的邮票
impression: n. 印象, 盖印 He made an impression on her. 他给她留下深刻的印象
impressive: a. 给人深刻印象的, 感人的
suppress: v. 压制, 抑制 suppress the book 查禁这本书; suppress a yawn 忍住哈欠

4. vit, viv, vig=life 生命
vitamin: n. 维他命, 维生素
This vegetable contains vitamins. 这种蔬菜包含多种维他命
vivid: a. 鲜艳的, 活泼的, 生动的 vivid color/ girl/ description(描述)
survive: v. 幸存(于); 比…长命 [ sur-超过]
survive (after) the earthquake(地震)/ survive sb three years
同类名词变化形式 v. n. arrive -arrival survive-survival revive—revival approve—approval remove—removal
survival: n. 幸存 [-al 名词后缀]
survivor: n. 幸存者
revive: v. 复活 [re=again]
revival: n. 复活
vital: a. 生命的; 充满活力的;
生死攸关的; 至关重要的
It is vital to keep secret.
5. auto=self 自己
automobile: n. [ auto=(self); mobile=(移动)] 汽车
automatic: a. 自动的
automatically: adv.
automation: n. 自动化
autobiography: n. [auto=(self); bio=(life); graphy=(writing) 自我人生的描述]
自传
autobiographer: n. 自传作家
autonomy: n. [nomy=(法) 自己的法] 自治, 自治权, 自主权
autonomous: a. 自治的, 自主的

Unit 3

家族认亲---举一反十
1. equ,equi=equal
equal: a. 相等的, 胜任的 be equal to 能胜任…的
n. 对等的人或物 the equal of = the equivalent of;
He has no equal in music. 在音乐方面无人能与他匹敌
v. 比得上, 等于 None of us can equal him in English.
equality: n. 平等, 同等 [ty 名词后缀]
equate: v. 等同于 Wealth should not be equated with happiness.
equator: n. 赤道
equation: n. 方程式, 等式
equivalent: a./n. 相等的, 等价的相应物, 等价物 [val-价值(value)]
be equivalent to sth/doing
That would be equivalent to teaching him not to meddle in my affairs.
那就等于叫他别来干涉我的事
the equivalent of
A refrigerator that costs/is the equivalent of a whole year’s salary
一个相当于一年工资的冰箱
equivalence: n. 等价, 等效; 等意
equivocal: a. 含糊其辞的, 暧昧的 [voc=voice]
eg: equivocal reply/ position
adequate: a. 足够的 [ad=toward 朝向; equate 相等]
inadequate: a. 不足

2. ag/ ac=do
act: n. 行动(具体); (一)幕; 法令, 条例; v. 起作用(on), 表演
an act of crulty/mercy 残忍的行为/ 慈善之举
actor/ actress: 男/女演员
女性/雌性表达法: princess公主, 王妃 waitress 女招待 stewardess空姐 authoress 女作家 lioness 母狮子tigress 母老虎 she-wolf 母狼
action: n. 行动(抽象) take action采取行动
Action speaking is louder than word. 行动胜于雄辩.
activity: 活动(各种社交活动等) campus activities 校园活动
active: a. 活跃的, 在行动的 active girl/ volcano(火山)
acting: a. 代理的 acting premier(代理总理)
activate: v. 使…动 activate the motor 启动马达
activator: n. 活化剂, 催化剂
actual: a. 实际的, 现实的 actual life/figure 现实生活; 实际数字
actually: adv.
transact: v. 办理, 处理 [trans- 贯穿, 转移] transact business 处理业务
transaction: n. cash transaction 现金交易
interact: 相互影响, 相互作用 [inter-在…中间, 相互]
interaction: n. 相互作用
react: v. 反应, 反作用 [re-反]
How does acid react on metals? 酸在金属上如何起反应?
reactor: n. nuclear reactor 原子反应堆
reaction: n. 反应 reaction to=response to
He has no reaction to my answer.
exact: 精确的, 确切的
to be exact 准确地说/ exact time 准确的时间/ exact scholar严谨的学者
exactness: n.
exactly: adv.
agent: n. 代理, 代理商 real estate agent 房地产代理/ universal agent全权代理
agency: n. 代理处
agenda: n. 日程 put sth on the agenda

3. -wise 与…相似
likewise: adv. 同样地
clockwise: 顺时针地
anticlockwise: 逆时针地
sleepwalkerwise: 象梦游般地

4. inter=在…中间, 相互
interact: v. 相互作用
interchange: v. 呼唤, 交流
interdepend: v. 互相依靠
intercontinential: a. 洲际间的 intercontinential missil 洲际导弹
interfere: v. 妨碍, 打扰 Don’t interfere with his work.
interject: v. 插入
interlock: v. 连锁 interlock devices 连锁装置
international: a. 国际的
interpersonal: a. 人于人之间的 interpersonal relationships 人际关系
interpret: v. 理解为, 看作; 翻译 I interpreted his silence as a refusal.
interrupte: v. 打断 The remark interrupts his flow of thought.这话打断了他的思路
intersect: v. 交叉; 相接
interval: n. 间隔, 间距 at intervals 偶尔; 每隔一段距离
(1) Proper interval should be maintained between vehicles.
(2) The train leaves the station at intervals of one hour.
interview: v./n. 面试, 接见, 采访

Unit 4:
家族认亲---举一反十
1. sphere: n. 球形
spherical: a. 球形的
atmosphere: n. [stmo=air] 大气层, 气氛
semi-sphere: n.半球 [semi- 半 (eg: semiautomatic 半自动的; semicolony 半殖民地的
semiconductor 半导体 semicircle 半圆形)]

2. fact, fect, fic= do
fact: n. in fact 实际上 as a matter of fact/ in fact 实际上, 事实上
factor: n.要素, 因素 [or-名词后缀 “起作用的部分”]
factory: n.工厂
artifact: n. 人工制品
facture: n. 制作, 制作法
manufacture: v. n. 加工, 制造, 产品(pl) [ manu=hand 古时手工操作-生产]
facility: n. (pl) 设备, 设施(便于做事的东西)
affect: v. 影响, 感动;假装
(1) Pollution affects the health. 污染影响健康
(2) He affected deafness to ignore his wife’s nagging.
他装聋作哑, 不理睬他妻子的唠叨
affection: n. 感情, 爱; 影响
affection for one’s children对孩子的爱(比love 更持久深厚)
effect: n./v. 结果, 效果, 作用, 影响 have effect on sth 对…产生影响
take effect/come into effect 实施, 生效 side effect 副作用
effective: a. 有效的 The law will become effective/ come into effect from July 1.
defect: n. [de-否定 “做得不够”] 缺点, 缺陷
perfect: a./v. [per-彻底] 完美的, 完全的(同excellent无比较级和最高级); 使…完善
infect: v. [in-进入 影响到里面 ]传染, 感染
infection: n.
infectious: a. 传染的, 有感染力的 infectious disease/ laugh 传染病; 有感染力的笑
efficient: a. 有效率的; 有能力的
efficiency: n. 效率
sufficient: a. 足够的 He has sufficient money but he still thinks it is not enough.
他有足够的钱, 但他还是认为不够(enough 愿望上的满足)

3. duc, duct=lead 引导
educate: v. 教育 [e/ex=out 把人从愚昧中引导出来] well-educated person
education: n.
produce: v. n. [pro=forward 向前引出]生产, 制造; 显示, 拿出
I produced a ballon and gave it to the child.
product: n. 产品, 产物
production: n. 产量, 生产
conduct: n. v. 引导, 带领; 传导 [con-加强语气 ]
conduct heat/ electricity 导热/ 导电
conductor: 领队, 指挥; 导线, 导体 ; 售票员
reduce: v. 还原, 缩小 [re= backward 回]
reduction: n.
deduce: v. 演绎,推断, [de=down 往下导出 推断]
introduce: v. 介绍; 引入 [intro=inter 进入]
introduction: n. 介绍; 传入; 引言, 导论 introduction to (not OF) the book书的导言

Unit 5:

1. ced, ceed, cess=go
proceed: v. 前进, 进行; 开始; proceed to do/ with sth开始; 继续[pro=forward]
proceed 的四个名词 precession: 行列, 队伍, 游行 funeral procession 送葬队伍 procedure: 程序, 手续, 步骤 the procedure for opening an account 开账户的手续 proceeding: (会议等)进程, 记录(pl.) the whole proceeding of the meeting process: 过程, 步骤, 加工工序 in process of 在…过程中
precedent : a. /n. 优先的, 先例 [ pre=before]
preceding: a. 在前的 preceding year 前几年
exceed: v. 超出, 胜过[ ex=out] exceed the speed limit 超速
excess: n. / a. 超越, 过量; 额外的
an excess of enthusiasm 过分热情 in excess of 超过
excessive: a. 过分的; 过度的 an excessive demanding 过分的要求
succeed: v. 继承, 接替(to) (sb as sth); 成功(in)
He succeeded Clinton as the President.
He succeeded in getting the job.
successor: 继承人, 接班人 successor to the throne 王位继承人
succession: n. 连续, 接连
ten years in succession 连续十年; a succession of 一连串
successive: a. 连续的 ten successive years连续十年
access: n. [ac/ad- 朝向; cess 走] 进入, 接近; 入口
gain / have access to the library/the President 进入图书馆; 接近总统
a man of easy access 容易接近的人
inaccessible: a. 不容易接近的 [in 否定前缀]
ancestor: n. [an=ante 先; ces走; -or 人] 祖先
intercede: v. [inter 中间; ced 走] 调停; 为…说情
recede: v. [re=back; ced 走] 后退
recession: n. 衰退

2. view 看, 观察
view: n./v. 景象, 风景; 观点; 眼界; 观察, 考虑
viewpoint: n. 观点
interview: v. [inter-相互; view 看] 接见, 采访; 面试
preview: [pre=before + view 看] 预习
review: [re=again; view 看] 复习

3. verse, vert=turn 翻转
university: n. 大学(综合性的) [uni=和为一体; verse 转; ty 名词后缀]
universe: n. [uni=和为一体; verse 转] 宇宙, 万物
universal: a. 宇宙的, 世界的; 普遍的, 全体的; 通用的
universal language / gravitation/agent通用的语言/ 万有引力/全权代理
verse: n. 诗,韵文 [诗,韵文一般分行写]
version: n. [vers 转; ion 名词后缀 翻转成另一版本]版本;译文;说法
The book has been translated into many versions and sold all over the world.
anniversary: n. [ann = one year; verse 转] 周年纪念日
wedding anniversary 结婚周年纪念日
advertise: vt./ vi.[ad=toward 朝向; verse 转 使注意力转向] 作广告
advertisement: n. 广告 neon-light advertisement 霓虹灯广告; (ad 为缩写)
extrovert: v./n. [ extro 向外; verse 转] 外翻; 外向; 外向的人
introvert :v./n. [intro 向内 ; verse 转] 内翻; 内向; 内向的人
diverse: a. [ di-分开; verse 转] 不同的
The wild life in Africa is diverse from that in Asia.
非洲的野生动物与亚洲的有很大不同。
diversity: n. 不同 a great diversity of interest 广泛的兴趣
convert: v. [con 加强语气] 变换;转化
convert water power into electricity 把水利变成电力
conversion: n.
conversation: n. 谈话, 交谈
adverse: a. [ad = 向; verse 转] adverse wind/fortune/ conditions 逆风; 厄运; 逆境
divorce: v./n. [di-分开; vorce/verse 转] 与…离婚 (用法与 marry 一样)
She divorced her husband; The court divorced them; He got divorced last month.
她与丈夫离婚了; 法院判他们离婚了; 他上个月离婚了。
vertical: a. 垂直的 [转到竖直的位置]
versatile: 多才多艺的; 通用的 a versatile material/man 万能材料; 多才多艺的人

4.
able: a. 有能力的; 出色的 an able manager; be able to do…
ability: n. 能力 I have the ability to do the work.
inability: n. 无能 [in-否定前缀]
disable: v. [dis-否定前缀] 使丧失能力, 使伤残
(1) He was disabled in the accident.
(2) An accident disabled him from playing football.
disabled: a. 残废的 a disabled soldier; the disabled (the + a. 表示一类人)残疾人
enable: v. [en-动词前缀, 表示使……] 使能够； 使可能
The spectacles enable me to see clearly.
以en 为动词前缀的词: enlarge扩大; enrich 丰富; ensure 确保, 保护; enlight启发; enjoy 享乐; enlist 招兵; enroll 登记, 入伍; enforce 推行, 执行, 强迫; endure 忍受 endear 使受喜爱; encounter 遭遇; encourage 鼓励

Unit 6:

1. ject=throw, cast 投, 抛
subject: n./ a./v. [sub=under; ject=throw 投于…之下”] 主题, 题目; 学科,科目; 易遭受…的; 使…遭受
(1) My favorite subject is maths. 我最喜欢的科目是数学。
(2) Japan is subject to earthquake. 日本容易遭受地震。
(3) Such an action would subject yourself to punishment. 这么做会使你受到惩罚。
object: n./v. [ob=toward 向; ject 投] 目标, 对象, 宾语; 反对
I object to drinking我反对喝酒; My object is achieved. 我的目的达到了。
objection: n. 反对, 异议; 缺点; 障碍 have (no) objection to 反对/不反对
The plan is open to objection. 该计划还有可商榷之处。
objective: a./n. 客观的, 真实的; 目的 objective view 客观的看法
project: v./n. [pro=forward 向前+ ject 投] 投射, 方应; 伸出; 设计, 工程
projection: n.
projector: a film projector 电影放映机
inject : v. [in 进入+ ject 投] 注射
inject the drugs into my arm 把药/毒品注入我的胳膊
injection: n. 注射
deject: v. [de=down] 使…泄气; 使…沮丧
dejected: a. 沮丧的 (depressed, sad )
jet=jet plane 喷气式飞机

2. cord= heart
core: n. 核心, 中心, 果核 He is English to the core. 他是地道的英国人。
courage: n. [cour=heart; age 名词后缀] 勇气, 胆量
encourage: v. [en- 使 使有勇气 ] 鼓励
discourage: v. [dis-否定前缀] 使…泄气
record: n./v. [re=again; core 心 再用心; 强化记忆; 记录] 记录, 记载; 最高纪录; 履历, 唱片; 登记, 记录; 录音
keep a record of记录;break/equal the record 打破/平记录
recorder: n. 录音机, 录像机 a tape recorder 磁带录音机
accord: n. [ac/ad=toward; cord 心] 一致, 符合; 协议;
What you said does not accord with your behavior. 你的言行不一致。
according: prep. According to our record, you’ve been in prison twice.
根据我们的记录, 你已经入狱两次。
accordance: n. You should play in accordance with the new rule.
你应根据新的规则来玩。
accordingly: adv. 相应地, 因此
discord: n. [dis-否定前缀] 不和谐
The discord of the music is hard on the ear 不和谐的音乐真难听。
concord: n. [con=together] 和谐, 一致 live in concord with 与…和睦相处
cordial: a. 衷心的, 真诚的 cordial welcome 热诚的欢迎

3. point=刺, 扎. 点
point: n./v. 尖, 点, 小数点; 条款, 细目; 分数, 得分; 要点, 论点; 指向(at, to);
表明(out)
(1) It’s rude to point at others.用手指(2) 别人不(3) 礼貌
(4) I like to come to the point straightly.我喜欢直截了当
(5) He pointed out my mistake for me to correct.他指(6) 出我的错误让我改正
(7) Your answer is short and to the point. 你的回答简明扼要
(8) In my p