新六级写作教材.doc

新东方在线 [] 网络课堂电子教材系列 新六级写作
大学英语六级考试短文写作

一、六级写作评分标准

大学英语六级考试作文的目的旨在考核学生英语书面表达的能力。作文考试时间为30分钟, 要求写出不少于150个词的短文。六级考试作文的出题方式有：命题作文，看图画或图表作文，根据所给文章（英文或中文）写出文章摘要或大意，给出关键词作文等。考试的作文内容为社会、文化或日常生活的一般常识，不涉及知识面过广、专业性太强的内容。对作文的要求是：切题，文理通顺，表达正确，意思连贯，无重大语言错误。
下面介绍六级考试作文的评分原则和标准，并通过五份样卷作一个详细说明。

(一) 作文评分原则
1. CET是检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的六级教学要求，对作文的评判应以此要求为准则。
2. CET作文题采用总体评分（Global Scoring）方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分（Reward Scores）,而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。
3. 从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体，作文应表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而确切地表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。
4. 避免趋中倾向。该给高分的给高分，包括满分；该给低分的给低分，包括0分，一名阅卷人员在所阅的全部作文卷中不应只给中间的几种分数。

(二) 作文评分标准
1. 本题满分为15分。
2. 阅卷标准共分五等: 2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。各有标准样卷一至二份。
3. 阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数（如8分）相似，即定为该分数（即8分），若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数，即可加一分（即9分）或减一分（即7分），但不得加或减半分。
4. 评分标准：
2分……条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。
5分……基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。
8分……基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。
11分……切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。
14分……切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。
[注: 白卷, 作文与题目毫不相关, 或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想,则给0分。]
5. 字数不足应酌情扣分

累计字数
140-149
130-139
120-129
110-119
100-109
90-99
80-89
＜79
扣 分
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9

[注:] 1.如题目中给出主题句, 起始句, 结束句, 均不得计入所写字数
2. 规定内容未写全者，按比例扣分。

实例一
2003年1月真题
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic It Pays to Be Honest. You should write at least 150 words and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 当今社会上存在着很多不诚实的现象。
2. 诚实利人利己，做人应该诚实。

It Pays to Be Honest
①In our modern social life, there are many examples around us show many people are cheated. Advertisements cheat people, salesmen cheat people, even one's closest friends cheat him or her. So many heartbreaks are heard everyday that we cannot help asking: where is our honest exist?
Everybody is taught honest in the primary school or even in the kindergarten. Honesty does good not only to ourselves, but to others as well. If we are honest to others. We will be happier and be in a better mood. Otherwise, we'll feel guilt at last. To a company and its advertisement, honesty will bring it more consumer and more profit. If we cheat others, friends will never believe you and they will leave you alone. To a company, no consumer will buy your product again.
So, as the above is said, it pays to be honest. Let's create a morally outstanding social.

②Although honesty is believed to be a virtue, there are still dishonest people in our society. For example, some businessmen sell fake product to their consumers; some students cheat in the exams.
Dishonest people are short-sighted. Those who sell fake products may make money at first, but consumers won't buy their products any more. As a result, they will lose their fortune or even be sent to prison. By contrast, honest people gain a lot. Those who always tell truth or keep to their promise not only let others trust them but gain respect from other people as well. Such persons are sure to have a lot of good friends. Because they are trustable and respectable, everyone is eager to make friends with them. Besides, it is easier for a person with a good record to get a good job. Generally speaking, every employer wants his employees to be honest. So we can say that anyone who is honest will be paid back later.
In a word, honesty wins trust, respect and honor. So it is important that we should be honest.

③With the development of modern economic and industry, competitive is becoming more and more obvious. At the same time, the performance of dishonest is becoming more and more clearly.
Nowadays, there are many dishonest performance in our society. For example, some people found that he saled goods had past the preservation date. Not throw them away, they revised the perservation date, and saled them again after several days. Another case in the point, a pair of shoes was made from goat. However, in order to sale at a high price, the salers would say they were made from cow which has good quality.
From the foregoing, we can see that dishonest dose not only harm to yourselves but also harm to others. And it is no use only realise the harmness of dishonest. We should be honest from now on and be honest in our daily life. It is only that people all over the world are honest them our country will be beautiful and wealthy.

④Now in our society, many people are not honest in doing soming. We often can meet with soming happened cause by people who are not honest. For example, Now we take the bus need carry cents own, and when you upstairs the bus, you should put the cent into the money box. Every people do that, but some of the people put the other things instead the cents. For another example, it is more normal that in the exams we can always find some students see others.
I consider that every people should be honest. As a people, honest should be first, because it can make us to be increase and make our socity develop. In doing every thing we should be honest all, study, word, life and so on. If you are honest, every people will be friend to you, and who will regard you are good people.
But if you don't be honest, people must unwilling to trath with you. So if you are want to be a good people, remember honest first.

⑤Nowadays, many people choose not to be honest in our modern society. We almost can find such things every day of our life: some students cheat in the exam for higher marks; some corporations tell wrong data to the public in order to get more investment; and some doctors treat their patients with unnecessary and expensive medicines in order to make money, sometimes damaged the patients' health, even their life.
Seeing this situation. I think it must be changed. Being honest will benefit not only others, but also ourselves. First, your honesty will make others willing to trust you. Second, being honest can lead you to face your problem bravely, which helps to solve it. And the last, honest surely helps to make the society more harmony.
So. I think everyone should start to be honest and everyone should have the idea that our society can not do without honesty.

实例二
1999年6月真题
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Reading Selectively or Extensively? You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 有些人认为读书要有选择
2. 有些人认为应当博览群书
3. 我的看法

Reading Selectively Or Extensively?
①When it comes to reading, some people think that reading selectively is a good way, but some other people do not agree with them, they think that reading extensively is better.
Those people, who think that reading selectively is better, believe that good books are as many as bad books. Those good books can give us pleasure and knowledge, while those bad books can only lead us to the wrong way. So, they suggest that we should only choose the good books to read and never touch the bad books.
But, the other people, who hold that reading extensively is better, think that one kind of books can only give us one aspect of knowledge. Even the best book only contains one field of information. So, they can easily come to the conclusion that “to know more, to read more”. So they believe that reading extensively is better.
To my point, we should choose good books to read and read good books as many as possible. By this way, we can increase the quality and quantity of reading.

②I think reading not only selectively but also extensively. Because the two sides are not contradict. Our time is limited. So we can not read every book in the world. However, we will not be interested in every book. We should read those books may be useful to ours, read those books which we like. But those books which we choose must be extensively so it can give ours all kinds of knowledge, news and so on, it also make ours become a wise man. On the one hand reading selectively let ours not waste our time which it is limitted. Moreover it can emphasis among all books that we can read. On the other hand reading extensively can deal with all kinds of need in our life. They are all useful to ours.

 ③Most people thought that read books should have been selectived. But others belived reading extentively was correction.
Selective books or reading extensively?
Sure, you can choice one from previous ideas,
on one hand, There are too book to read for us. We should choose those which we intrested, and it would be helpful for us.
on another hand. Someone's intresting was wide. Each book could bring you specific contain we couldn't reading at only one level.
I confirmed all of these ideas were good but weren't wise.
As a reader, the main task is to discover more and more books the second task is to held some which wonderful and helpful for us. Don't treat these books with rackless abandon.
The best technology of reading is connect.

④How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own view.
Some people think we should read selectively. They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are published. It is impossible for us to read all the books. What's more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldn't read them. Since we can't read all the books and we shouldn't read bad books, we must read selectively.
But others may not agree. They emphasize that today's society is not what it was. If one man has many kinds of knowledge he'll have more chances to succeed. If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be useless. Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively.
Who's right? I think both of them have something right. But I think we should read extensively first. We should read books in many fields, and read selectively in one field.

⑤Some people think reading shall be choosed. Because some books are good to hummen beings and some books are harmful to people.
Some people think that men shoud read books widely. Because wide reading can help man get much knowledge. And man can use it to change the world.
It is my point that reading must be selectively. Because reading is important to man. Some books can help man but some books can lead some people to crime. It can be seen in the newspapers and watched on TV. We can make full use of some good books and gain more useful knowledge. It can make our life more beauiful. We must give up those unhelpful books. They are not good to us. Reading them is wasting time and money. So reading selectively is an important part in reading.

二、写作常见错误分析
一、语法错误
（一）句子结构错误
1． 主从句叠置
1) There are more and more students like to use the computer.

2) There are still many problems should be noted and resolved.

2． 简单句叠置
I like chatting on line very much, I go to the net bar almost every weekend.

3． 从句叠置
As is known to all that computers play an important role in many fields of our life.

4． 句子成分缺失
If work hard, we will surely be successful.

5． 语序错误
1) Why college students spend more and more time on the computer?

2) I often wonder where have they got their money.

（二）动词错误
1．时态错误
Many people thought that the Internet will be more useful in the future.

2．语态错误
1) I have excited several days at the news that you will come here.

2) Most of the students satisfy with the service in the dining hall.

3．单复数错误
1) Wise man seek opportunities rather than wait for them.

2) Someone are afraid that computer may control men in the future.

4．非谓语动词错误
1) Let me to represent everyone to say “hello” to you.

2) Do exercise in the morning is good for one’s health.

3) Having studied in our school for 3 years, the canteen service has changed a lot.

（三）代词错误
1) We can use computers in doing everything you like.

2) A college student should be able to do their washing on their own.

（四）冠词错误
1) Horse is an useful animal.

2) The exam will be held in the December, 2004.

（五）词性错误
1) I wish you can consider my suggests.

2) If a person wants to success, he must learn to endure sufferings and setbacks.

二、用词错误
1) Students must know how to apply a computer.

2) People can touch many new things on the Internet.

3) The purpose of this letter is to react some opinions on the service in the dining hall.

三、表达习惯错误
1) Why generated so large a change?

2) Now 6000 yuan can buy a P4 computer.

3) A room often lives 6-8 students.

4) I think this great change has three reasons.

5) The prices of the food are too expensive.

6) The reason for this is because some people want to earn plenty of money without working hard.

四、标点符号及大小写错误
1) However, every coin has two sides, I think the surroundings in our canteen are the best among all universities.

2) The man was racing down the street. Because he was late for the class.

3) At last I want to let you know, I love our university very much.

4) My favorite sports are swimming、jogging、mountaineering and playing table tennis.

5) The best English film in my eyes is《Forrest Gump》.

三、六级写作题型分类

（一）对立观点型
2000年6月
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? The First sentence has already been written for you. You should write at least 120 words, and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是......
2. 也有人持不同意见，......
3. 我的看法和打算

1999年6月
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Reading Selectively or Extensively? You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 有些人认为读书要有选择
2. 有些人认为应当博览群书
3. 我的看法

1998年6月
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck? You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 有些人认为某些数字会带来好运
2. 我认为数字和运气无关......

1997年6月
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic My View on Job-Hopping. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 有些人喜欢始终从事一种工作，因为......
2. 有些人喜欢经常更换工作，因为......
3. 我的看法

1996年1月
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition based on the title: Why I Take College English Test Band 6. You should base your composition on the following outline (given in Chinese).
1. 有些人认为没有必要参加大学英语六级考试
2. 我参加CET-6考试的理由

1995年6月
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Should Firecrackers Be Banned? You should write at least 120 words