新东方综合讲义.doc

两个要求：PP
Passion
Ÿ Inspiration
Ÿ Motivation
1，全球化的影响
2，职业趋向
3，个人价值的实现
Practice
好好背单词

课上所要解决的三件事情：
I came，I fought，I conquered.
I came，I learned，I forgot.
1,句子的理解 2, 核心单词的突破 （4－6，单词相差1300个，核心词汇500左右）3，如何来学习词汇（背单词）
如何来学习词汇（背单词）
pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis
pneum / ono / ultra / microscopic / silico / volcano / coniosis

pneum：表示肺的，肺部的，
ono：表示这个词是一个医学词汇，
ultra：表示“过度的”，
microscopic： telescope 望远镜
microscope 显微镜
microscopic “小的，异常小的”，
silico： silicon“硅的，硅酸盐的”，
volcano：“火山，火山灰，尘埃”
coniosis：“表示沉着性疾病”
整个单词： “肺部超微粒硅酸盐尘埃沉着性疾病”，又叫“矽肺病”

方法一：词根词缀法
英语当中绝大多数词汇来源于拉丁语
拉丁语构词规范：前缀，词根及后缀
前缀：正反意或方向性
词根：单词本身的含义
后缀：词性
词根词缀法记忆单词的优点及好处：
1， 串成串来记忆：认识的单词和不认识的单词
2， 透过词根词缀来猜单词
例子：
1， dict 词根：说
predict pre- 前缀：在...之前，向前 predict：预言
dictation -tion典型的名词（n）后缀 dictation 听写
dictator -or，er 表示 人 dictator 独裁者，统治者

2， logu 词根：说
dialogue dia- 相对的，对面的 diameter：（圆的）直径 dialogue：对话
monologue mono- 单独的，独自的 monologue：独白

3， loqu 词根：说
loquatious 多嘴的，能聊的 （东北话：唠嗑的）
eloquent 有口才的，能言善辩的 （东北话：爱唠嗑的）

4， sect 词根：切（cut）
section -tion 名词后缀 section：部分
transection
trans- 前缀：1，从一个地方...到另一个地方，e.g. transplant 2，横
transection 横切面，横截面，横断面

vivisection：
vivi -> vivid 生动的，活泼的 vivi 活的
vivisection：活体解剖

对学习词根词缀有帮助的4本书：
1， 胡敏 《讲故事背单词》（基础相对不好，高中之后没有背过单词的同学）
2， 蒋争 《英语词汇的奥秘》
3， 刘毅 一系列丛书 （含有字根、字缀的）
4， 俞敏洪 《英语六级词根词缀联想记忆法》

中级英语词汇词根词缀是关键
方法二：联想记忆法
Complement
Compliment
发音一致，外形相近，意思完全不同
一个是“补充，补足”，另外一个是“赞美，赞扬”，相差一个字母，如何记忆如何区分呢？- 联想记忆法
Compliment：“i”，联想成“爱”－>“赞美，赞扬”的意思
Complement：“心中无爱”－>“补充，补足”

三种联想记忆词汇的方法：
1， 词义联想（近义词，反义词）
近义词
三个“遵守”
Comply with， conform to， adhere to
四个“永远”
Permanent， perpetual， eternal， forever
五个“激起，唤起，引起，引发”
Evoke，elicit， provoke，arouse，trigger
反义词
Ascend <-> descend
2，词形和读音联想
凹凸
A ： －> A
两个单词：
Fragrant 芳香的，富裕的
Flagrant 恶臭的，臭名昭著的
3， 通过汉语拼音来联想
例子：
Chaos － 吵闹，喧闹
Bungalow － 平房
Peccadillo － 小缺点，小毛病
方法三：阅读中记忆单词
选择什么样的文章来读？

文章有100个单词（5，6个单词不认识）
方法四：适当地做词汇题目，加强对词汇的理解和记忆
难词辨义
Descend 下降（仅仅表示从高处到低处简单的下降）
Decline 下降（数字、比率和指标的下降）
方法五：通过4，6级词汇的相关性来学习词汇
Overpass overpass overpass n. 过街天桥 v. 超越，跨越
Underline underline underline v. 突出，强调
方法六：利用“人体规律法”背单词
每天背多少单词最合适，
每个单词背几遍最合适，
什么时间背单词最合适，
什么环境、什么温度背单词最合适，
用什么姿势背单词最合适、最健康、记忆效果最好：站着背，坐着背，躺着背，趴着背，蹲着背，跑着背，跳着背.....

1， 每天背50个单词左右最佳：
a) 如果是短期记忆：每个单词背4遍
b) 如果要长期记忆：每个单词背7遍最好
2， 背单词的最佳时间：晚上睡前的半小时，和早上醒来后的1小时
3， 背单词最适宜的温度： 10摄氏度左右（个人体验）
4， 背单词最佳姿势：“倒背如流”(可操作性不强)
最佳的姿势：来回走着背。
优点：
a) 辅助记忆，便于思考，利于大脑的快速运转
b) 预防疾病， Cervical spondylosis颈椎软骨疾病
方法七：生活当中随时随地背单词
Robust 畅销的饮料“乐百事”：强壮的，健壮的
Yoghurt：酸奶
Reserved：预定，预留，v原型是reserve

真题（98年6月67题）
67.when he tried to make a ________ , he found that the hotel was completely filled because of
a convention.
A) reservation B) claim C) mess D) revision

真题（99年1月43题）
When he tried to make a ______ , he found that the hotel that he wanted was completely 
   filled because of a convention.
   A) complaint        B) claim             C) reservation       D) decision

总结:
背单词眼耳口手齐到，才能真正记住单词
六级常考词汇的分类&部分真题的讲解
六级常考词汇分类：
1， 长难单词：a，拼写长 b,读音怪 c，意思抽象
注意：又抽又长的单词
e.g. reservation
obligation： 义务
69. Although most dreams apparently happen____, dream activity may be provoked by external influences.
A) spontaneously C) homogeneously
B) simultaneously D) instantaneously

2， 近义词
e.g.
scan
gaze
peer
glance
scan 扫视，浏览
glance 一瞥

3， 短语搭配：
六级考试考查四级短语
see to 照料，照顾
look into 调查
go in for 从事，参与

4, 形近易混词
Sheer a. 完全的，纯粹的
shear n. 大剪刀 v. 剪羊毛

stationary a. 静止的，不动的
stationery n. 文具

foul a. 犯规的 n.&v. 犯规
fowl n. 家禽
UNIT 3
41. His career was not noticeably ______by the fact that h e had never been to college.
A) prevented B) prevented C) hindered D) refrained

42. When trapped in drifting sands, do not struggle, or you will be ______ in deeper.
A) absorbed B) pushed C) heaved D) sucked

43. To ____ for his unpleasant experiences he drank a little more than was good for him.
A) commence B) compromise C) compensate D) compliment

44. All visitors are requested to __________ with the regulations.
A) comply B) agree C) assist D) consent
45. The captain __________ the horizon for approaching ships.
A) scanned B) scrutinized C) explored D) swept

46. The vast majority of people in any given culture will _____established standards of that culture.
A) confine B) conform C) confront D) confirm

47. Although he was on a diet, the food __________ him enormously.
A) inspired B) tempted C) overcame D) encouraged

48. His argument does not suggest that mankind can _____ to be wasteful in the utilization of these resources.
A) resort B) grant C) afford D) entitle

49. If you want this pain killer, you'll have to ask the doctor for a ______.
A) receipt B) recipe C) subscription D) prescription

50. Some fish have a greater __________ for acid water than others.
A) tolerance B) resistance C) dependence D) persietence

51. There was once a town in this country where all life seemed to live in _____ with its surroundings.
A) coincidence B) harmony C) uniform D) alliance

52. The court considers a financial ______ to be an appropriate way of punishing him.
A) payment B) obligation C) option D) penalty

53. It is true that____ a wild plant into a major food crop such as wheat requires muchresearch time.
A) multiplying B) breeding C) magnifying D) generating

54. The government has devoted a larger slice of its national ______ to agriculture than most other countries.
A) resources B) potential C) budget D) economy
55. In this poor country, survival is still the leading industry; all else is ______.
A) luxury B) accommodation C) entertainment D) refreshment

56. Some criminals were printing __________ dollar bills until they were arrested.
A) decent B) fake C) patent D) suspicious

57. Mr. Bloom is not __________ now, but he will be famous someday.
A) significant B) dominant C) magnificent D) prominent

58. His body temperature has been _____ for 3 days, the highest point reaching 40.5 degree centigrade.
A) uncommon B) disordered C) abnormal D) extraordinary

59. He seems to be __________ enough to climb to the mountain top in an hour.
A) radiant B) conscientious C) conspicuous D) energetic

60. Although cats cannot see in complete darkness their eyes are much more __________ to light than are human eyes.
A) glowing B) brilliant C) sensitive D) gloomy

单词记忆方法：
gloom
1）oom－> room，gl－room
2）loo－> look，gg － look － mm

61. While nuclear weapons present grave __________ dangers, the predominant crisis of overpopulation is with us today.
A) inevitable B) constant C) overwhelming D) potential

62. This is the ______ piano on which the composer created some of his greatest works.
A) true B) original C) real D) genuine

63. Comparison and contrast are often used __________ in advertisements.
A) intentionally B) pertinently C) incidentally D) tiresomely

64. A complete investigation into the causes of the accident should lead to improved standards and should __________ new operating procedures.
A) result is B) match with C) subject to D) proceed with
65. ______ popular belief that classical music is too complex, it achieves a simplicity that only a genius can create.
A) Subject to B) Contrary to C) Familiar to D) Similar to

66. The bond of true affection had pulled us six very different men from six very different countriesacross Antarctica; we proved in the end that we weren't very different __________.
A) for all B) as usual C) in particular D) after all

67. Though her parents __________ her musical ability, Jerrilo u's piano playing is really terrible.
A) pour scorn on B) heap praise upon C) give vent to D) cast light upon

68. Some children display an __________ curiosity about every new thing they encounter.
A) incredible B) infectious C) incompatible D) inaccessible

69. Bruce Stephen gripped the __________ wheel hard as the car bounced up and down.
A) stirring B) driving C) steering D) revolving

70. Many of the scientists and engineers are judged____how great their achievements are.
A) in spite of B) in ways of C) in favor of D) in terms of

Unit 4
41.The directions were so _______ that it was impossible to complete the assignment.
A) ingenious B) ambitious C) notorious D) ambiguous

42.Because a degree from a good university is the means to a better job, education is one of the most ________ areas in Japanese life.
A) sophisticated B) competitive C) considerate D) superficial

43.If a person talks about his weak points, his listener is expected to say something in the way of _______ .
A) persuasion B) remedy C) encouragement D) compromise

44.Her interest in redecorating the big house kept her ________ for a whole week.
A) constrained B) dominated C) restricted D) occupied

45.If we _______ our relations with that country, we'll have to find another supplier of raw materials.
A) diffuse B) diminish C) terminate D) preclude

46.Movie directors use music to _______ the action on the screen.
A) contaminate B) compliment C) contemplate D) complement

47.A terrible traffic accident happened; people were saddened when they watched the ________ sight on TV.
A) panic B) patriotic C) pathetic D) periodic

48.Many tourists were _______ by the city's complicated traffic system.
A) degraded B) bewildered C) evoked D) diverted

49.Over the last fifteen years, running has become a popular ________ for 30 million participants of all ages.
A) fantasy B) pastime C) symposium D) penalty

50.Some people think that a ________ translation, or word-for-word translation, is easier than a free translation.
A) litetal B) literary C) liberal D) linear

51.Many novels that attempt to mirror the world are really _______ of the reality that they represent.
A) reflections B) demonstrations C) illuminations D) reproductions

52.It is through learning that the individual _______ many habitual ways of reacting to situations.
A) retains B) gains C) achieves D) acquires

53.Generally, it is only when animals are trapped that they ________ to violence in order to escape.
A) proceed B) appeal C) resort D) incline

54.Mary once _______ with another musician to compose a piece of pop music.
A) merged B) collaborated C) coincided D) constituted

55.During their fist teacher training year, the students often visited local schools for the _______of lessons.
A) observation B) investigation C) inspection D) examination

56.He attends to the _______ of important business himself.
A) transaction B) transition C) transmission D) transformation

57.Out of _______ revenge, he did his worst to blacken her character and ruin her reputation.
A) perfect B) total C) sheer D) integral

58.A most ______ argument about who should go and fetch the bread from the kitchen was going on when I came in.
A) trivial B) delicate C) minor D) miniature

59.The children cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorful ballons _______ slowly into the sky.
A) floating B) raising C) heaving D) ascending

60.Do you have any ______ about what living beings on other planets would be like?
A) ideal B) comprehension C) notion D) intelligence
61.We rarely perceive more than a minute _______ of the sights and sounds that fall upon our sense organs; the great majority pass us by.
A) fiction B) function C) fraction D) friction

62.For many patients, institutional care is the most _______ and beneficial form of care.
A) persistent B) appropriate C) thoughtful D) sufficient

63.It's pleasure for him to ______ his energy and even his life to research work.
A) dedicate B) dictate C) decorate D) direct

64.They are well _______ with each other since they once studied in the same university.
A) identified B) recognized C) acknowledged D) acquainted

65.There is a _______ difference in meaning between the words surroundings and environment.
A) gentle B) subtle C) feeble D) humble

66.All the finished products are stored in a ________ of the delivery port and shipping is available at any time.
A) garage B) cabinet C) capsule D) warehouse

67.when he tried to make a ________ , he found that the hotel was completely filled because of a convention.
A) reservation B) claim C) mess D) revision

68.Parents take a great interest in the _______ questions braised by their children.
A) nasty B) naive C) obscure D) offensive

69.Although it was his first experience as chairman, be ________ over the meeting with great skill.
A) presided B) administered C) mastered D) executed

70.Both parties promised to ______ the contract to be signed the following day.
A) keep with B) tangle with C) adhere to D) devote to

Unit 5
41.The Space Age ______ in October 1957 when the first artificial satellite was launched by the
   Soviet Union.
   A) initiated        B) originated        C) embarked          D) commenced

42.John said that he didn't quite _______ and asked me to repeat what I had said.
   A) snatch up        B) summon up         C) catch on          D) watch out

43. When he tried to make a ______ , he found that the hotel that he wanted was completely 
   filled because of a convention.
   A) complaint        B) claim             C) reservation       D) decision

45.In our highly technological society, the number of jobs for unskilled worker is ______.
   A) shrinking        B) obscuring         C) altering          D) constraining

46.The fire has caused great losses, but the factory tried to ______ the consequences by saying   that the damage was not as serious as reported. 
   A) decrease         B) subtract          C) minimize          D) degrade

47.If the world is to remain peaceful the utmost effort must be made by nations to limit 
   local _______ .
   A) collisions       B) combats           C) contradictions   D) conflicts

48.Satellite communications are so up-to-date that even when ______ in the middle of the    Pacific, businessmen can contact their offices as if they were next door .
   A) gliding          B) cruising          C) piloting          D) patrolling

49.In the past ten years skyscrapers have developed ______ in Chicago and New York City.
   A) homogeneously    B) simultaneously   C) spontaneously    D) harmoniously

50.The court considers a financial ______ to be an appropriate way of punishing him.
   A) option           B) duty              C) obligation        D) penalty

51.I think that I committed a _______ in asking her because she seemed very upset by my
   question.
   A) blunder          B) revenge           C) reproach          D) scandal

52.Even when textbooks are ______ through a school system, methods of teaching may vary 
   greatly.
   A) commonplace      B) standardized      C) competitive      D) generalized

53.They have always regarded a man of ______ and fairness as a reliable friend .
   A) robustness       B