非谓语动词及独立主格结构用法及解题.doc

非谓语动词和独立主格结构用法及解题“五步骤”
张妙红(学员) 发布时间： 2010-08-15 00:04:20

非谓语动词内容繁多,用法复杂,是学生们在英语学习过程中的最大难点,也是高考中的必考项目。独立主格结构相对来说考查较少，但经常放在with复合结构中考查；同学们要想掌握他们的用法,轻松备战高考,快速准确地解题,不妨牢记非谓语动词和独立主格结构基本、特殊用法以及解题“五步骤”，具体内容如下:
一.非谓语动词“五步骤”
1.牢记核心意义。不定式表将来或能够,动词ing形式表主动或进行,过去分词表被动或完成。
2.分析句子成分。非谓语动词在句中可充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、补语以及状语。
3.寻找逻辑主语,把握，前后主语一致性和主被动关系。非谓语动词虽然在语法上没有主语,但它仍表示的是动作,因此在意义上会有一个动作的发出者,这个发出者就是它的逻辑主语。作主语补足语,表语和状语时,逻辑主语为句子的主语;作宾语补足语,逻辑主语为宾语;作定语,逻辑主语是所修饰的先行词;复合结构自带逻辑主语。如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的是主动关系,用现在分词或不定式的主动式,如果是被动关系,则用过去分词或不定式的被动式,如果表被动进行,则用现在分词的被动式或不定式的被动进行式。
4.了解时间关系。如果非谓语动词与句子的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,用一般式;如果发生在之前,则用完成式,如果强调正在进行,则用进行时;如果动作在将来发生,则用不定式。
5.分析特殊情况。主要是指一些习惯用法,固定搭配等。
二．独立主格结构的“五步骤”
1.认识独立主格结构，建立独立主格结构概念。
最初的独立主格结构就是带逻辑主语的分词结构，它的作用相当于状语。
2.认清独立主格结构的来源，理解独立主格结构的功能。
我们清楚地看出独立主格结构作状语和分词作状语一样来源于状语从句。
3.从逻辑主语的不同认识分词和独立主格结构作状语的区别。
分词作状语和独立主格结构作状语的区别就在于逻辑主语的不同，分词的逻辑主语为主句的主语，独立主格结构的逻辑主语就是分词前边的名词或代词。
4.全面掌握独立主格结构的功能。
要将复合句或并列句改成简单句时，应注意：要根据分词和独立主格结构作状语时逻辑主语的不同情况改写句子，当复合句或并列句的主语一致时，适合改成分词作状语；当复合句或并列句的主语不一致时，适合改成独立主格结构作状语。
5.熟悉独立主格结构的不同类型，全面掌握独立主格结构。
有时将并列句或复合句改成简单句时，应注意：原句中含有 be 动词时，一律改成 being 形式， being 后面为非名词时 being 可忽略。
独立主格结构除了分词式独立主格结构之外，还有介词、形容词、副词、不定式式独立主格结构，即带逻辑主语的介词、形容词、副词、不定式结构，可用作伴随状语、条件状语、原因状语或时间状语。
【专题综合】1. ____ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.
A. To throw      B. Thrown       C. Throwing       D. Being throwing
2.   ____ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.
A. To walk       B. Walking      C. Walked          D. Having walked
3. I hear they've promoted Tom, but he didn't mention ____ when we talked on the phone.
A. to promote                    B. having been promoted  
C. having promoted               D. to be promoted
4. The message is very important, so it is supposed ____ as soon as possible.
A. to be sent    B. to send      C. being sent      D. sending
5. ____ around the Water Cube, we wre then taken to see the Bird's Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.
A.Having shown   B. To be shown  C. Having been shown D. to show
6. We had an anxious couple of weeks ____for the results of the experiment
A. wait          B. to be waiting C. waited           D. waiting
7. ____ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.
A. Fail          B. Failed        C. To fail          D. Having failed
8. It is one of the funniest things ____ on the Internet so far this year.
A. finding       B. being found   C. to find          D. found
9. ____ in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.
A. Waiting       B.To wait        C. Having waited    D. To have waited
10.----Can those ____at the back of the classroom hear me?
  -----No problem.
A. seat           B. sit          C. seated           D. sat
11.He was busy writing a story, only _____once in a while to smoke a cigarette.
A. to stop        B. stopping     C. to have stopped   D. having stopped
12. Please remain ______; the winner of the prize will be announced soon.
A. seating        B. seated        C. to seat          D. to be seated
13.----they are quiet, aren't they?
----yes. They are accustomed ______at meal.
A. to talk        B. to not talk   C. to talking        D. to not talking
14.To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English ______as much as we can.
A. speak        B. speaking        C. spoken            D. to speak
15. Lucy's new job paid twice as much as she had made _____in the restaurant.
A. working      B. work            C. to work           D. worked
16.The soldier fell asleep ________.
A.with the candle burning          B.burning the candle
C.when he was burning the candle   D.when burning the candle
17.________, the Tiananmen Square looks more beautiful.
A.Being on                         B.When being on
C.With all the lights on           D.When it turns on all the lights
18.____ the notice, he had an idea.
A.When he was watching B.Watching C.When watching   D.all the above
19.______ the notice, an idea came to his mind.
A.When he was watching B.Watching C.When watching   D.all the above
参考答案：1-5 CBBAC 6-10 DDDCC 11-15BBDCA 16-19 ACDA