商务英语翻译课件2省名师优质课赛课获奖课件市赛课百校联赛优质课一等奖课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。,商务英语翻译,词汇翻译,句法翻译,文体与篇章,1/39,商务英语翻译,之,词汇翻译,词义选择,词义引申,词类转换法,视角转化法,增 减 法,重 复 法,数字翻译法,2/39,商务英语翻译,之,句法翻译,否定句式,比较句式,被动句式,定语从句,3/39,商务英语翻译,之,文体与语篇,商号与名片,商务广告,商标与品牌,商务信函,4/39,句法翻译之一：,否定句式,1,）,完全否定,2,）,部分否定,3,）形式,否定,4,）含蓄,否定,5,）,否定,转移,6,）双重,否定,5/39,否定句式（,1,）：完全否定,词汇,表示完全否定,or,引导并列否定结构,6/39,否定句式（,1,）：完全否定,英语表示完全否定词语有,no,not,never,none,nobody,nothing,nowhere,neither,nor,等。含有这些词语完全否定句普通情况下意思都是一目了然，只要注意译文表示，符合当代汉语习惯就行了。比如：,不能否定,市场调研是企业成功一个主要原因。,There is no denying the fact that market research is an important factor in the success of a business.,1.,词汇表示完全否定,7/39,Chinas negotiation over its WTO membership was,not,an easy task.,中国入世谈判不是一件轻而易举事情。,Chinas negotiation over its WTO membership was,no,easy task.,中国入世谈判决非一件轻而易举事情。,2.or,引导并列否定结构,or,引导并列否定结构表示完全否定，通常译成,“,既不,也不,”,He did not care time or money.,他不在意时间，也不在意金钱。,（客观评价）,（主观强调）,8/39,否定句式（,2,）：部分否定,用在部分否定中词语有：,not every,not all,not both,not much,not many,not always,等，部分否定句式经常译成,“,不都,”,、,“,并非,”,。而这类句子很轻易被翻译成汉语全部否定句。比如：,All of the trade issues were not settled under the WTO framework.,并非全部问题都在世贸组织框架下取得处理。,全部问题都没有在世贸组织框架下得到处理。,None of the trade issues were settled under the WTO framework.,9/39,否定句式（,2,）：部分否定,1.,不定代词或形容词,在否定句中,2.,副词在否定句中,3.,靠近完全否定词在否定句中,4.and,引导并列结构,10/39,The US dollar is not strong at all times.,China does not accept every economic condition that the US imposes on it.,美元,并不是,在任何时候,都,是坚挺。,对于美国施加经济条件中国,并非全部,接收。,否定句式（,2,）：部分否定,1.,不定代词或形容词在否定句中,all,both,each,every,everybody,everyone,everything,等代词是否定词连用不是全部否定，而是表示部分否定，经常译成汉语,“,不都是,”,、,“,并非都,”,。,11/39,2.,副词,always,wholly,entirely,completely,totally,altogether,everywhere,often,quite,enough,等在否定句中，表示部分否定。,European countries did not,wholly,join the euro zone.,并非全部,欧洲国家都加入了欧元区。,Dialogs are,seldom,held between the two parties due to a lack of sincerity on the part of one party.,因一方缺乏诚意，双方,极少,进行对话。,3.,hardly,scarcely,rarely,seldom,few,little,等靠近完全否定词能够表示部分否定。,12/39,Few,of the countries have responded positively to the US trade policy.,没有几个,国家对美国贸易政策做出主动反应。,4.and,引导并列结构,当,and,引导并列结构放在否定结构中时，表示部分否定，通常译成,“,不能都,”,、,“,并非既,又,”,He is not the president and chairman of the company.,他并非既是企业总裁，又是企业董事长。,13/39,否定句式（,3,）：形式否定,cannot,too;cannot,over-,；,cannot,enough,等表示,“,不论怎样也不为过,”,，,“,越,越好,”,，其意义是必定。,The importance of market research can,not,be,overstated,.,市场调研主要性,不论怎样强调都不为过,。,英语中有些否定词与其它词连用形成一个固定搭配，这种结构从表面上看是否定，而实际上所表示却是必定意义，这种结构就是形式否定。常见形式否定结构有以下几个：,Our company could,not,get,enough,capital on this project.,我们企业在这个项目上得到资金,越多越好,。,14/39,否定句式（,3,）：形式否定,Its a,good workman,that,never blunders,（,犯大错,）,.,智者千虑，,必有,一失。,2.It is a(an),形容词名词否定从句，这种结构表示必定，往往翻译成,“,再,也会,”,。,15/39,否定句式（,3,）：形式否定,3.,一些带,not,疑问句、感叹句、陈说句一样表示必定含义。,How often have they not complained about the high prices we offer!,他们经常埋怨我方报价太高！,16/39,否定句式（,3,）：形式否定,Manufacturers spend,not a little,on advertisements of products.,制造商在产品广告方面投入很多,。,4.not(,)a little,no little,not(,)slightly,句子也表示必定意义，能够译成,“,很多,”,，,“,非常,”,。,17/39,否定句式（,3,）：形式否定,He is old,none the less,he works like a young man.,他即使上了年纪，不过干起活来还像个年轻人。,5.,含有否定词而又不表示否定固定词组有很多，常见有,as likely as not(,大约，很可能,),，,more often than not,（往往，经常），,none the less,（依然，依旧）。,As likely as not,they have heard the news already.,很可能他们已经听到这个消息了。,18/39,否定句式（,3,）：形式否定,6.too,+ready(eager,easy,anxious,willing,inclined,apt,等,adj.)+,to,时，不表示否定，而表示,“,非常,”,和,“,极为,”,意思。,The applicant was,too,eager to know the result of interview.,这位求职者,迫不及待地,想知道面试结果。,19/39,The board of directors are,only too,satisfied to acquire the company.,董事会对要收购这家企业一事宜,非常满意,。,7.only(but,all,等词加强语气,)+too+pleased(willing,delighted,glad,happy,satisfied,等,)+to,，这种结构一样表示必定意义。,否定句式（,3,）：形式否定,20/39,The managing director could,not,read the long sales report,other than,cursorily.,这份销售汇报太长，总经理,只能,草草地看一看。,8.not,other than:,这个句式原意是,“,除了,就不,”,，通常表示必定意义，普通翻译成,“,就,”,、,“,只能,”,。,否定句式（,3,）：形式否定,21/39,其它形式否定,1,）,Dont lose time,sending this email message to the marketing department.,2,）,The doubt was still,unsolved,on the US side,after the repeated explanation of Chinese trade negotiators.,3,）,He didnt half like the proposal.,4,）,I couldnt feel better.,5,）,I couldnt agree with you more.,6,）,If that isnt what I want!,7,）,I cant wait to see you!,8,）,I cant wait to see you quickly enough.,赶快,把这份电子邮件发给营销部。,即使中方贸易谈判代表一再解释，但美方疑团,依然存在,。,他,非常喜欢,这个提议。,我以为身体,好极了,。,我方,非常赞成,你方看法。,我所要,就是这个,呀！,我,恨不得,马上见到你。,我,很想,尽快见到你,/,越快见到你越好。,22/39,否定句式（,4,）：含蓄否定,1,）,too,形容词动词不定式,这种结构通常表示否定含义，经常翻译成,“,太,以至于,”,。,含蓄否定是指英语中有些词或短语不是否定词连用，一样也能够表示否定意义。常见含蓄否定现象包含以下几个：,Its,too,good a business opportunity,to,miss.,不能,错过这么一个好商机。,23/39,否定句式（,4,）：含蓄否定,2,）,It is,that/who,结构,在一些习语或谚语中，,It is,that/who,结构能够表示含蓄否定意义，普通翻译成,“,再怎样,也不会,”,，,“,未必,”,意思。,It is,a silly fish,that,is caught twice.,再,蠢鱼,也不会,上钩两次。,能说者,未必,能行。,It is,a good divine(,牧师,),that,follows his own instructions,.,24/39,否定句式（,4,）：含蓄否定,China would have successfully purchased two early-warning planes from Israel,but for,the US intervention.,假如不是,美国从中干预话，中国就会顺利地从以色列手中购置两架预警飞机。,3,）,but that,与,but for,表示,“,假如不是,话,”,、,“,若非,”,。,But that he saw it,he could not have said so.,若不是,亲眼所见，他决不会这么说。,25/39,否定句式（,4,）：含蓄否定,4,）,(Have)yet to:,还未，还没有。,日本已经开始在有限范围内提供高清楚度电视，有些欧洲国家也将在两年以内开始。美国至今,还未,选定法定高清楚度电视制式，所以可能会稍稍落后。,Japan has begun offering HDTV on a limited basis,and some European countries will start within two years.The United States,yet to,choose an official HDTV system,may lag slightly.,26/39,否定句式（,4,）：含蓄否定,5,）,more than,+,含有,can,从句,more than,后面即使是必定形式，却表示否定意义。,The beauty of Hangzhou is,more than,I,can,describe.,杭州景色优美，无法用语言形容。,生产经理接收了一大笔订单，有些贪多嚼不烂,。,The production manager has bitten off,more than,he,can,chew by taking a bigger order.,A bigger payroll is,more than,such a small business as his,can,afford.,员工队伍过大是他这么小企业无法负担。,27/39,否定句式（,4,）：含蓄否定,6,）有些句子含有,the last,the least,the limit,等表示极限词组含有否定意义，通常翻译成,“,最不可能,”,，,“,最不适当,”,。,60 percent of the people polled said that snails are the,last things,they would like to eat.,在接收民意调查人当中，百分之六十人说他们,最不,爱吃东西是蜗牛。,年轻人深受企业欢迎，因为他们,最不,保守。,Young people are most welcomed by an enterprise as they are,the least,conservative.,The boss made me do one thing after another,which was,the limit,.,老板要我做完这个又做那个，真,受不了,。,28/39,否定句式（,4,）：含蓄否定,7,）特定环境下疑问句,一些疑问句在特定语言环境下含有与字面相反意义，即暗含否定意味，而且其否定语气普通比较含蓄。,What is the good of the US imposition of trade sanctions on China?,美国对中国实施贸易制裁是没有用。,你从没气馁过。,When have you lost your heart?,29/39,否定句式（,4,）：含蓄否定,8,）介词表示否定,英语中介词使用非常活跃，有些介词能够表示否定意义，这些介词有,from,off,beyond,past,in,out of,against,beside,without,等。,It was,beyond,his power to sign such a contract.,She is still,in two minds,as to the merger proposal.,The staff are,off work,today.,The price campaign is,far from,over.,The American trade delegation was strongly criticized for having left Beijing,before,saying goodbye.,他,无权,签定这个协议。,就合并提议她还,没有拿定主意,。,今天员工,不上班,。,价格战远,没有结束,。,美国贸易代表团,没有告别,就离开了北京，此事受到了强烈批评。,30/39,否定句式（,4,）：含蓄否定,The Chinese textile goods were,denied,entry into the European ports.,Some small and medium-sized enterprises have turned their attention to the rural areas to,avoid,competition from more powerful rivals.,9,）词汇表示否定,英语中有些词汇或词组也一样能够表示否定含义，比如：,fail,lack,refuse,neglect,deny,overlook,withhold,exclude,miss,等，翻译成汉语时普通能够译成否定意义，比如译成：,“,不是、没有、未能、免受、不够、无法,”,等。还有一些抽象名词如,absence,ignorance,exclusion,等，一些形容词短语如,free of,far from,inferior to,等,都能够进行否定处理。,这批中国纺织品,没有获准,进入欧洲港口。,一些中小企业把注意力放在农村，,不,与强大对手竞争。,31/39,否定句式（,4,）：含蓄否定,We expected the order to be,smaller,.,Its been five years since the two firms had a business transaction.,A lot of businesses are,blind to,the damage they have done to the environment in their development.,Absence,of honesty on the part of the American trade delegation has resulted in repeated failures of the Sino-US trade talks.,He studied business communication at the university to the,exclusion,of other subjects.,我们,没有想到,订单会这么大。,这两家企业已经五年,没有,做交易了。,许多企业在开发过程中对环境造成破坏，却对,此熟视无睹,。,美国贸易代表团,不能,坦诚相见，屡次造成中美贸易谈判失败。,他在大学里专门攻读商务沟通，,没有,学过其它课程。,32/39,否定句式（,5,）：否定转移,普通来说，英语中否定词总是紧紧出现在被否定部分前面，对其后面部分进行否定，但有时否定词所否定并不是紧随其后部分，而是后面某个部分，这就是否定转移。否定转移通常有以下几个情况：,I have,not,come to you,for,money.,We,havent,called the meeting,to,discuss this issue.,China does,not,believe that permitting the Renminbi to trade freely,is,a good idea.,中国认为允许人民币自由兑换,不是,个好主意。,我们召开这个会议,不是,来讨论这个问题,。,我来找你,不是,要钱。,1.,否定介词短语,2.,否定不定式,3.,否定从句中谓语动词,33/39,否定句式（,5,）：否定转移,They did,not,part,good friends,.,他们分手时感情,不好,。,与其说,海洋把世界分割开来，,不如说,把世界连接起来,。,The oceans do,not,divide the world,so much as,unite it.,She did not marry you because you were a billionaire.,4.,否定范围转移（否定部分是主语补足语或状语）,5.not,so much as,结构（在该结构中，否定,as,后面词语，译成,“,与其说,不如说,”,）,6.not because,结构,因为你是个亿万富翁，所以她没有嫁给你。,（没有转移）,她并不是因为你是个亿万富翁才嫁给你,/,她嫁给你，并不是因为你是个亿万富翁。,（发生转移）,（有时能够发生否定转移，该结构可能产生歧义，应视详细情况而定）,34/39,否定句式（,5,）：否定转移,The talks could,not,proceed,because,the parties involved had opposing views.,会谈无法继续进行，因为相关各方意见分歧,。,航空企业并没有因为油价上涨而停顿运行,。,Airline companies,didnt,stop operation,because,of the rising oil prices.,（,not,否定是主句谓语，不属于否定转移，,because,修饰主句）,（,not,属于否定转移，修饰,because,从句）,依据上下文和逻辑判断,not,否定部分。,35/39,否定句式（,5,）：否定转移,(,有时，,because,前面有,just,only,merely,simply,等副词，这些副词通常将否定范围局限在,because,引导从句上,),比如：,Dont read books simply because other people are reading them.,I am not apt to shrink from my duty merely because it is painful.,我并非因为怕吃苦而逃避自己义务。,不要只因为他人在读一些书就去读这些书。,36/39,否定句式（,6,）：双重否定,英语句子中双重否定并不完全是由两个等同否定词组成，而多半是由一个否定词和一个表示否定意义词或词组组成。比如,no/not/never,but,就表示必定意思。,双重否定是一个富于修辞作用语法结构，它能够加强语气，起到强调作用，所以译文要表现得明确、有力，也能够降低语气，把话说得含蓄一些，委婉一些。,英语,“,双重否定,”,结构在译成汉语时能够是两个否定词，比如译成,“,没有不，不会不，并不是没有，无不，没有不是，并非毫无，不得不，不能不，非,不可，未免不，未必不,”,等。,普通来说，原文是加强语气，翻译时最好也处理成汉语双重否定结构。,37/39,否定句式（,6,）：双重否定,We are,not,reluctant,to accept your proposal.,A successful entrepreneur should fight,no,battle,unprepared,.,成功企业家,不打无,准备之仗。,任何规则,都有,例外。,There is,no,rule that has,no,exception.,There is,not,any advantage,without,disadvantage.,有,一利,必有,一弊。,你方提议我方,愿意,接收。,Not,a day passed,without,trade conflicts between the two countries.,这两个国家,没有,一天,不,发生贸易摩擦。,38/39,否定句式（,6,）：双重否定,This is a matter of,no small,consequence.,假如译成双重否定结构不能够准确表示原文意思，那么不妨将它处理成汉语必定结构。比如：,I,never,think of summer,but,I think of childhood.,一,想到夏天，我,就,会想起童年。,这件事情关系,重大,。,Many foreign retailers such as Wal-Mart are,too,wise,not to,grasp the Chinese market.,许多像沃尔玛这么外国零售商如此聪明，,不会不,抓住中国这块市场。,toonot to,和,not tooto,这两种结构都表示双重否定，通常译成,“,太,必定会,”,和,“,必定,”,。,He is not too old to do it.,他做这件事，年纪并不老。,39/39,