被动语态.doc

Period 4 Grammar The Passive Voice
编写人： 李月芹 审题人：高一英语组 2014-12-10
班级：__________ 组别：____________ 姓名：___________
【Learning aims (学习目标)】 To master the usage of the passive voice
【Important and difficult points （学习重难点）】
To have a good command of the the passive voice
【Learning guide (学习导引)】Analysis, comparison, understanding and practice
【Learning procedure：（学习过程）】
Step one :
一、语态概述
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。
例如：Many people speak English.
谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。
例如：He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句)
The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句)
二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught
一般过去时：was／were＋taught
一般将来时：will／shall be＋taught
现在进行时：am／is／are being＋taught
过去进行时：was/ were being ＋taught
现在完成时：have／has been＋taught
过去完成时 ：had been taught
歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。
三、被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如：
Some new computers were stolen last night.
一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)
This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。
(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
例如：the window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。
This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。
Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。
歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；
动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)
(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。
(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：
All the people laughed at him.
→He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory.
→The bikes are made?by them?in the factory.
歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。
谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。
五、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。
歌诀是：情态动词变动，情态加be加“过分”，原来带to要保留。例如：
We can repair this watch in two days.
→This watch can be repaired in two days.
You ought to take it away.
→It ought to be taken away.
They should do it at once.
→ It should be done at once
Step two 当堂检测
一、选择题（每小题1分共40分）
1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year?
A. Is ; built B. Was ; built
C. Does ; build D .Did ; build
2.An accident ____ on this road last week.
A. has been happened B. was happened
C. is happened D. happened
3.Cotton ____ in the southeast of China.
A. is grown B. are grown
C .grows D. grow
4.So far, the moon ____ by man already.
A. is visited B. will be visited
C. has been visited D. was visited
5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week.
A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives
6.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.
A. are doing B. are being done
C. has been done D. will be done
7.The doctor _____ for yet.
A. isn't sent B. hasn't been sent
C. won't be sent D. wasn't sent
8.--When ___ this kind of computer______?
--Last year.
A. did; use B. was; used
C. is; used D. are; used
9.Who _____ this book _____?
A. did; written B. was; written by
C. did; written D .was; written
10.Mary ____ show me her new dictionary.
A. has asked to B. was asked to
C. is asked D .asks to
11.A story _____ by Granny yesterday.
A. was told us B. was told to us
C. is told us D .told us
12.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree.
A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump
13.Older people ____ well.
A. looks after B .must be looked after
C. must look after D .looked after
14.Our teacher ______ carefully.
A. should be listened to B. should be listen
C. be listened D. is listened
15. In some part of the world, tea _______ with milk and sugar.
A. is serving B. is served
C. serves D. served
16. It was reported that the murderer _______ arrested.
A. has been B. had been
C. has D. had
17. Do you think that the bridge ______ in a year?
A. would be completed B. will be completed
C. had been completed D. is being completed
18. Great changes _______ in China since the People’s Republic of China _______ in 1949.
A. have taken place; was founded
B. has taken place; was founded
C. have been taken place; founded
D. took place; founded
19.—Why does Ling Ling look so unhappy?
—She has _______ by her classmates.
A. laughed B. laughed at
C. been laughed D. been laughed at
20. I promise that matter will _______.
A. be taken care B. be taken care of
C. take care D. take care of
(NMET 2001北京春季, 17)
二.把下列句子变成被动语态
1.We found some jewels in a box.
2. The teacher is keeping the pupils at school for a revision.
3. James has left a parcel for you.
4. You must finish the article before Friday.
5. They will not paint the house again next year.
6. They promised Mary a new doll for her birthday.
7. I have told the children many times not to skate on the pond.
8. Where did he translate the story?
9. We had to repair our TV set.
10. Do they take good care of the sick?
11. They company has paid the workers very handsome wages.
12. They showed me the room where they lived.. .
三，完成句子
1. The students _____ often _____(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.
2. That play ________(put) on again sometime next month.
3. The old man is ill. He ______ (must send) to the hospital.
4. Vegetables,eggs and fruits_________ (sell) in this shop.
5. What ___ a knife ______ (make) of?
It _______________(make) of metal and wood.
6. A Piano concert _____________(give) here last Friday.
7. ______ the magazine ____(can take) out of the bibrary?
8. The room _____________ (clean) by me every day.
9. The stars _____________ (can see) in the daytime.
10. Some flowers __________(water) by Li Ming already.
11. These kinds of machines __________(make) in Japan.
12. Apples _________ ________(grow) in this farm.
13. Russian _______ ______ (learn)as the second language by some students in China.
14. Planes,cars and trains _____ _____ (use) by business people for travelling.
15. The cinema ______ _____ (bulid) in 1985.
Step three 自我反思