虚拟现实技术在建筑设计中的应用中英文翻译.doc

虚拟现实技术在建筑设计中的应用中英文翻译
Application of virtual reality technology in architecture design in both Chinese and English translation
摘要：随着科学技术的发展，建筑行业也呈高速发展的态势，在现代的建筑行业中，各种先进的技术被应用到建筑工程建设中。虚拟现实技术在现代建筑设计中是一项涵盖广并且比较复杂的设计方法，采用虚拟现实技术对建筑进行设计能够有效的减轻建筑设计人员的工作强度，并且对减少设计时间和提高工程设计质量也有着重要的作用。本文通过对虚拟现实技术的深入理解探析，对虚拟现实技术在建筑设计中的应用进行了详细的阐述，并举出了具体的虚拟现实设计方案，以供同行探讨。
Abstract: with the development of science and technology, the construction industry has high speed development, in the modern construction industry, a variety of advanced technology has been applied to the construction of construction engineering. Virtual reality technology in the modern architectural design is a wider and more complex design method, using virtual reality technology to building design can effectively reduce the working strength of architectural design personnel, and to reduce design time and improve the quality of engineering design also plays an important role. This article through to analysis with a better understanding of the virtual reality technology, the application of virtual reality technology in architecture design in detail, and the concrete design scheme of virtual reality, for peer discussion.
　　关键词：虚拟现实技术 建筑 设计 计算机
Key words: computer virtual reality technology building design
　　引 言
Lead it
　　在现代建筑设计中，应用计算机技术进行建筑设计的工艺已经比较成熟，才用计算机进行辅助建筑设计时，设计师就可以把主要精力用在对建筑的创造和构思上，避免了在处理建筑设计中的计算、画图、数据存储的大量繁琐工作，从而能够有效的提高建筑设计师的设计效率和设计质量。计算机设计出的设计方案，可以运用电子显示屏或者其它图形设备将设计方案完整的展示出来，并且设计师可以对方案的进行审核然后合理修改。因此用虚拟现实技术进行建筑设计能够使建筑设计师有一种身临其境的感觉。
In modern architecture design, application of computer technology to the architectural design process has been more mature, to use a computer aided architecture design, the designer can put main energy to the creation and design of buildings, avoid in dealing with the architectural design of the tedious work of calculation, drawing, data storage, which can effectively improve the design efficiency of architects and design quality. Design of computer design, can use electronic display, or other graphics device full display design, and designers can to reasonable plan for review and modification. So using virtual reality technology in architecture design can make the architect has a feeling of intimacy.
　　1、虚拟现实技术的简介
1, the introduction of virtual reality technology
　　所谓的虚拟现实技术就是将真实环境虚拟化，在现代的信息技术中，虚拟现实技术得到了良好的应用。在运用虚拟现实技术可以将物体或者思想通过视觉、听觉等多个方面进行呈现，能够让人非常直观的了解物体的特性和功能。虚拟现实技术的出现，从本质上改变了计算机传统的传递信息方式。在计算机应用中虚拟现实技术具有交互性、想象性和沉浸性。随着社会的不断向前发展，在建筑设计中也开始应用到虚拟现实技术，虚拟现实技术在建筑设计中可以将建筑工程的形态结构、施工过程等用比较直观的方式呈现出来。在建筑设计中既要进行空间形象思维，又要考虑到以用户的感受为核心，是一连串的创新过程，包括规划、设计、建设施工、维护等。巨大的成本和不可逆的执行程序，不能出现过多的差错，虚拟现实是一种可以创造和体现虚拟世界的计算机系统，虚拟世界是整体虚拟环境或给定仿真的对象的全体，充分利用计算机辅助设计和虚拟现实，可减轻设计人员的劳动强度，缩短设计周期，提高设计质量，节省投资。虚拟现实技术在建筑设计中应用广泛。
The so-called virtual reality technology is the real environment virtualization, in the modern information technology, virtual reality technology has been well used. The use of virtual reality technology can be objects or ideas through the visual, auditory, and other aspects for rendering, can let a person very intuitive understanding of object features and functions. The emergence of virtual reality technology, essentially changed the traditional way to pass information to the computer. In interactive virtual reality technology in computer application, imaginative and immersion. Along with society's continuous development, also began in the architectural design is applied to the virtual reality technology, virtual reality technology in the architectural design of construction projects can be the shape of the structure, construction process and so on presented in a more intuitive way. Must carry on the space image thinking in architectural design, and considering the user's experience as the core, is a series of innovation process, including planning, design, construction, maintenance, etc. Huge cost and irreversible executable program, can't appear too many errors, virtual reality can create and reflect the virtual world of the computer system, the virtual world as a whole virtual environment or all objects of a given simulation, make full use of computer aided design and virtual reality, can reduce the labor intensity of designer, shorten the design cycle, improve the design quality and save investment. Virtual reality technology has been widely applied in architecture design.
　　2 、展示建筑物的整个信息
2, display the structure of the whole information
　　现阶段的二维、三维的表达方式，只能传递建筑物部分属性的信息，并且只能提供单一尺度的建筑物信息，使用虚拟现实技术可展示一栋活生生的虚拟建筑物，使人产生身临其境之感，设计不仅仅是设计者的事，住户、管理部门都可起到辅助决策的作用。
At this stage of two-dimensional, three-dimensional form of expression, can only transfer building part attribute information, and can only provide a single scale building information, using virtual reality technology can show a living virtual building, make the person produces the feeling of immersive, design is not just a matter of designers, households, management department can have the effect of aid decision making.
　　3 、远距离浏览
3, browsing over a long distance
　　设计者设计的建筑物与工程单位可以相互沟通交流，通过万维网达到远距离浏览，也可以以计算机语言开发与虚拟现实造型语言整合，虚拟现实用于Internet 网中提高其普遍性与实用性。
Designer to design the building and project units can communicate with each other, achieve remote browsing through the world wide web, also can develop in computer language and virtual reality modelling language integration, virtual reality used in Internet network to improve the universality and practicability.
　　4 、实时多方案比较
More than four, real-time scheme comparison
　　在进行工程建筑的设计时，设计时通常都会拟出几种满足设计需求有所差异的设计方案，运用虚拟现实技术可以将这些方案随时切换并进行相应的对比，从而可以择优选取。在对比选择建筑方案时，虚拟现实技术将建筑的直观呈现可以将建筑方案的特点和不足勾勒出来，从而使设计师们进行进一步决策。在实际运用虚拟现实技术进行建筑设计时，不仅能够对设计方案进行详细的对比，还可以根据设计师的要求对其进行适当的修改。
In the engineering construction design, design usually draw up the several design meet the design requirements are different to the use of virtual reality technology, these solutions can be switchable and corresponding comparison, thus can choose according to qualification. In compare the construction scheme, construction of virtual reality technology is a distinct feature and shortage of present construction plan can be a sketch, allowing designers to make further decisions. In the practical application of virtual reality technology in architecture design, not only can carry on the detailed comparison to the design, can also according to the requirement of the designer on the appropriate modification.
　　5 、专用的人机接口交互
5, and special man-machine interface interaction
　　人机接口是使用者与计算机沟通的桥梁，它是代表使用者意图的转换及计算机程序的执行，良好的人机接口的建立，可减少使用者对系统的学习时间和增强系统的使用效率。在虚拟现实技术建筑设计中，必须有特定的人机接口模式：（1） 使用者模式。使用者直接进入虚拟现实中，进行观测与互动操作，以第一人称的观测方式，进行虚拟现实的沉浸观察，隐藏的接口，只有在使用时才出现；（2） 代理者模式。在虚拟现实中，常因沉浸环境与现实环境的感性差距，而造成空间迷失现象，以至于使用者无法掌握虚拟现实中的状态，以空间代理者的虚拟环境信息的提供，以第一和第二人称的观察方式，进行虚拟环境中的观测；（3） 监控模式。使用者以第三人称的方式，监控虚拟现实中所有的现实状态，并进行虚拟物的监视与控制，而接口的产生与虚拟现实的种类并无绝对的关系；（4） 浸入操作模式。将控制虚拟现实物的接口，置于虚拟现实中，以进行仿真式的操作模拟，使用者以第一人称的操作方式，对虚拟物进行控制。
The bridge of the man-machine interface is the user and the computer, it is on behalf of the user intent conversion and the execution of a computer program, a good man-machine interface, reduces the time to users on the system of learning and enhance the system efficiency. In virtual reality technology in architectural design, must have specific man-machine interface mode: (1) the user mode. Users direct access to virtual reality, carries on the observation and interactive operation, in the first person way of observation, and immersion of virtual reality observation, hidden interface, only when in use; (2) an agent model. In the virtual reality, often because of immersion and reality environment perception gap, and space lost phenomenon, so that the user is unable to grasp the status of virtual reality, virtual environment information agents to provide space for, in the first and second person way of observation, carries on the observation in the virtual environment; (3) the monitoring mode. Users in the form of the third person, monitor all real state in the virtual reality, and virtual content monitoring and control, and the generation of interface and types of virtual reality, there is no absolute relationship; (4) in operation mode. Puts control interface of virtual reality, virtual reality, for the simulation of operation simulation, users in the first person operating mode, to control the virtual objects.
　　虚拟现实系统基本上有两种：模型式和图像式。以模型式虚拟现实，以虚拟现实造型语言（简称VRML） 为主要描述语言，使得建筑设计可用计算机进行三维建模，利用效果图和三维施工图与资料库，并利用虚拟现实技术连结到资料库作为实时模拟操作。虚拟现实造型语言，可用来在万维网（3W） 中定义与更多信息相关联的三维世界的布局和内容，使之能够在一个交互的三维空间中很容易地被表达出来。当虚拟现实造型语言浏览器启动后，它会将虚拟现实造型语言中的信息解释成虚拟现实造型语言空间中的建筑物的几何形体的描述，一旦VRML 空间被用户的浏览器解释，它将提供实时显示，一秒钟可以显示多次，这样，用户的机器上将会有一个活动的场景。
Virtual reality system basically has two kinds: model type and image type. Model type virtual reality, virtual reality modeling language (VRML) as the main description language, and makes the architectural design of available computer 3 d modeling, rendering and 3 d construction drawing and database, and using virtual reality technology to link to the database as a real-time simulation operation. Virtual reality modelling language, available to the world wide web (3 w) definition that is associated with more information in the layout and contents of the three-dimensional world, make it in an interactive, three-dimensional space easily be expressed. When the virtual reality modelling language browser starts, it will be the information in the virtual reality modelling language interpretation into virtual reality modelling language of space geometric description of buildings, once the VRML space is explained by the user's browser, it will provide a real-time display, a second can show many times, so, there will be an activity of the user's machine.
　　6、应用实例
6, application instance
　　荷兰的虚拟现实技术起步较快，Eindoven 大学的Calibre研究院已用虚拟现实技术进行设计和咨询，他们开发的软件包由一组类CAD 的函数组成，称为CAAD 软件，为建筑结构的创建、修改和可视化提供了工具包， 它支持Auto CADDXF 文件的输入输出，而且能够用于虚拟环境中增加动画和对象的动态行为。已用该系统模型化了一座小城市，具体目标是在河中小岛上设计一栋博物馆。这座城市由好几百栋建筑物组成，坐落在河边斜坡上，可以俯瞰小岛。首先，数字化该城市的地图，创建基本的Auto CAD 模型；其次，按真实三维位置安排每栋建筑物，同时也考虑山坡的轮廓；再次，加上建筑细节，如门框和窗框设计，以便标准地表现该城市的美学特征。该应用实例让人们领略了该领域和他们所取得的成果。
Virtual reality technology to start faster, Dutch Eindoven Calibre research institute at the university of using virtual reality technology in design and consulting, they developed software package consists of a set of classes CAD functions, called CAAD software, for the structure of the creation, modification and visualization toolkit, it supports Auto CADDXF file input and output, and can be used in virtual environment increase the animation and the dynamic behavior of the object. Have used the system modeling is a small city, specific target is in a river on the island of small and medium-sized design museum. The city is composed of hundreds of building, located near the river on a slope, overlooking the island. First of all, digital maps of the city, create a basic Auto CAD model; Secondly, according to the real 3 d position arrangement of each building, as well as consideration of the slope contour; Again, plus the construction details, such as the door frame and window frame design, so that the standards to the aesthetic characteristics of the city. The application example for people to appreciate the achievements of the field and their.
　　在现代社会的生产过程中，虚拟现实技术被应用到各行各业中，由于虚拟技术的潜力很大，并且在建筑工程设计方面的应用有较高的发展前景。但是运用虚拟现实技术时，需要的软硬件投资大、并且重复性不高。
In the process of the production of modern society, virtual reality technology has been applied to all walks of life, there is great potential because of the virtual technology, and engineering application in building with higher development prospects. But when using virtual reality technology, need hardware and software investment is large, and the repeatability is not high.
　　7、结语
7, the conclusion
　　随着社会的发展，虚拟现实技术在各个领域中的应用越来越广泛。目前由于计算机信息技术发展日新月异，虚拟现实技术可以通过计算机对处理对象进行快捷的处理。在现代的建筑领域中，建筑设计是一项繁琐复杂的工序，但是随着虚拟现实技术的应用不断成熟，设计师们在进行建筑设计师可以将画图、数据存储等工作交由计算机完成，从而有效的提高了设计师的工作效率。总而言之，随着科学技术的发展，在建筑工程的设计时运用虚拟现实技术只会更加频繁，而且技术也会逐渐提高。
With the development of the society, virtual reality technology application is more and more widely in various fields. Changing at present because of the computer information technology and virtual reality technology can be used to computer the processing object and fast processing. In the field of modern architecture, architectural design is a complex process, but with the application of virtual reality technology matures, the designers in architecture can be drawing, data storage, such as work to a computer, thus effectively improve the efficiency of the designer's work. To sum up, with the development of science and technology, in the design of construction engineering when the use of virtual reality technology will only become more frequent, and the technology will also be increased gradually.