六级翻译真题.doc

1中国传统文化
从某种意义上说，汉语是一种很古老的语言，其最早的汉字已有近四千年的历史了。汉字在其漫长的发展史中演化成许多不同的书写形式，例如篆书、隶书、楷书和行书。中国书法家往往使汉字的字形夸张以取得艺术效果，例如旅游胜地的一些石刻碑文。中国书法是一门研究艺术，随着各位学习兴趣的提高，我们将适时介绍中国书法的流派，以及如何欣赏中国书法的艺术性。中华民族的传统文化博大精深、源远流长。早在2 000多年前，就产生了儒家学说和道家学说，以及其他很多在中国思想史上有地位的学说流派，这就是有名的“诸子百家”。从孔夫子到孙中山，中华民族传统文化有它的很多珍贵品质。比如“天下兴亡，匹夫有责”的爱国情操，“民为邦本”、“民贵君轻”的民本思想和“己所不欲，勿施于人”的行为准则。
The traditional Chinese culture, both extensive and profound, starts far back and runs a long, long course. More than 2 000 years ago, there emerged in China Confucianism and Taoism, and many other theories and doctrines that figured prominently in the history of Chinese thought, all being covered by the famous term “the Hundred Schools of Thought”. From Confucius to Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the traditional Chinese culture presents many precious ideas. For example, they lay stress on. patriotism as embodied in the saying “Everybody is responsible for the rise or fall of the country.”, the populist ideas that “People are the foundation of the country.” and that “The people are more important than the monarch” and the code of conduct of “Don’t do to others what you don’t want others to do to you”.
2中国书法
从某种意义上说，汉语是一种很古老的语言，其最早的汉字已有近四千年的历史了。汉字在其漫长的发展史中演化成许多不同的书写形式，例如篆书、隶书、楷书和行书。中国书法家往往使汉字的字形夸张以取得艺术效果，例如旅游胜地的一些石刻碑文。中国书法是一门研究艺术，随着各位学习兴趣的提高，我们将适时介绍中国书法的流派，以及如何欣赏中国书法的艺术性。
In a sense, Chinese is a very old language, and its earliest characters date back nearly four thousand years ago. During their long history of development, Chinese characters have evolved into many different script forms, such as the Seal script, Clerical script, Regular script and Running script. Chinese calligraphers usually render their Chinese characters in ways that exaggerate the form to yield artistic beauty, such as those in stone inscriptions seen in tourist resorts. Chinese calligraphy is a subject of artistic study. As your interest in Chinese character system increases in the days to come, we will introduce in due time the different schools of Chinese calligraphy, and how to appreciate the artistic beauty of Chinese calligraphy.
　　【翻译词汇】
　　从某种意义上说 in a sense
　　汉字 Chinese character
　　演化 evolve
　　书写形式 script form
　　篆书 Seal script
　　隶书 Clerical script
　　楷书 Regular script
　　行书 Running script
　　书法家 calligrapher
　　致使 render
　　取得 yield
　　旅游胜地 tourist resort
　　石刻碑文 stone inscription
　　适时 in due time
　　欣赏 appreciate
3汉语教学
中国的官方语言普通话在美国的学校中突然热起来。由于中国经济在21世纪的快速发展，美国的公立和私立学校纷纷在外语课程中加入汉语这一科目，或将已有的汉语教学项目进行扩展。据统计，在美国的学校中，有5万名孩子在学习汉语。但推动汉语项目的发展不是没有遇到困难。由于缺乏受过专业训练、持有证书的教师，一些学校很难加入汉语教学的竞争。当学校聘用教师时，它们通常直接从中国招聘，这种方式为文化冲突埋下了隐患。
　　【精彩译文】
　　Mandarin, the official language of China, is suddenly hot in American schools. With the rapid development of China’s economy in the 21th century, both public and private schools in America are scrambling to add Mandarin to their curricula of foreign languages or expanding Chinese language programs already in place. By some estimates, as many as 50 000 children nationwide are taking Mandarin in American schools. To develop Chinese-language programs has met some difficulties. A shortage of professionally trained teachers with certificates has made it difficult for some schools to join the competition. When schools need to employ teachers, they often recruit them from China directly, which is a hidden trouble for culture clash.
　　【翻译词汇】
　　官方语言 official language
　　普通话 Mandarin
　　快速的 rapid
　　课程 curriculum (pl.curricula)
　　已有的 in place
　　缺乏 shortage
　　受过专业训练 professionally trained
　　证书 certificate
　　招聘 recruit
　　文化冲突 culture clash
4老龄化问题
如今，中国正步入老龄化社会，因此独生子女一代面临着巨大的工作和生活压力。中国政府开始适当调整计划生育政策，允许一些家庭在特殊情况下生育二胎。但调查显示，很多夫妻迫于不断加重的经济压力，放弃生育二胎。因此，要从根本上解决老龄化的问题不能依靠出生率的上升，最有效的办法是建立有效的社会保障制度。
　　【精彩译文】
　　Nowadays, China is stepping into the aging society. Therefore, the only-child generation is facing enormous pressure both from work and life. The Chinese government has begun to adjust the family planning policy and allows some families to have a second child under certain circumstances. However, the survey shows that some couples abandon to have a second child due to the increasing financial burden. Thus, in order to solve the aging problem, the basic thing is not relying on the increase of birth rate. The best solution is to establish an effective social security system.
　　【翻译词汇】
　　步入 step into
　　老龄化社会 aging society
　　独生子女一代 the only-child generation
　　巨大的 enormous
　　调整 adjust
　　计划生育政策 the family planning policy
　　在特殊情况下 under certain circumstances
　　由于，迫于 due to
　　放弃 abandon
　　依靠 rely on
　　出生率 birth rate
　　有效的 effective
　　社会保障制度 social security system
5民生问题
邓小平同志曾说：“社会主义财富属于人民，社会主义的致富是全民共同致富。”构建和谐社会，就是要把民生问题作为重中之重，让广大人民群众有活干，有学上，有饭吃，有衣穿，有屋住，病有医，老有养，生活幸福，都过上好日子。自此，在就业、教育、收入分配、医疗、养老、住房等领域，一大批关注民生的实事工程接连开工，一件件事关百姓冷暖的民生大事让各族群众喜笑颜开。
Comrade Deng Xiaoping once said, “Socialist wealth belongs to the people, the socialist prosperity is the universal common prosperity.” Building a harmonious society is to regard people’s livelihood as the priority among priorities, to help the masses live a happy life of having jobs, going to school, having food to eat, having clothes to wear, having houses to live in, and can be cured when in disease, and can be cared when they are old. From then on, in the fields of employment, education, income distribution, health care, pension, and housing, etc., a large number of practical projects focusing on livelihood have been started one by one; every activity about people’s livelihood has lighted people of all nationalities up with pleasure.
　　【翻译词汇】
　　邓小平同志 comrade Deng Xiaoping
　　社会主义的致富 socialist prosperity
　　全民共同致富 universal common prosperity
　　构建和谐社会 build a harmonious society
　　民生问题 livelihood
　　就业 employment
　　收入分配 income distribution
　　医疗 health care
　　养老 pension
　　关注 focus on
　　实事工程 practical project
　　让…喜笑颜开 light...up with pleasure
　　各族群众 people of all nationalities
6中国梦
几千年的中国文化充实着中国梦，同时，过去三十几年的改革开放也激励着中国梦。中国梦最显著的特征是包容性和双赢合作。这些也是使中国梦扩大它的全球影响范围和被其他国家的人民认可的基本特征。中国梦是民族复兴的梦。它是建设一个强大繁荣的国家，给中国人民带来幸福生活的梦。中国梦需要维持稳定健康的经济发展，科学管理社会，以及有效应对外部发展的风险和挑战。
The Chinese dream has been enriched by thousands of years of Chinese culture and inspired among other things by the past three decades of reform and opening-up. The most noticeable features of the Chinese dream include inclusiveness and win-win cooperation. These are the very features that will enable the Chinese dream to expand its global reach and be recognized by people of other nations. The Chinese dream is the dream of national rejuvenation. It is the dream of building a powerful and prosperous state, a dream of bringing happiness in the lives of the Chinese people. It entails sustaining steady and healthy economic growth, scientifically managing the Chinese society, and effectively responding to the risks and challenges of external
　　【翻译词汇】
　　中国梦 the Chinese dream
　　改革开放 reform and opening-up
　　激励 inspire
　　包容性 inclusiveness
　　双赢合作 win-win cooperation
　　扩大 expand
　　民族复兴 national rejuvenation
　　强大(的) powerful
　　繁荣的 prosperous
　　需要 entail
　　稳定健康的 steady and healthy
　　应对 respond to
　　外部发展 external development
　　风险 risk
　　挑战 challenge
7公园免费开放
长久以来，人们一直对市区公园是否应该收门票的话题争论不休。一些人认为市区公园是用纳税人的钱建立起来的，是供人们休闲、娱乐的公共场所，因此应该是免费的。另一方面，还有一些人称，考虑到中国人口众多，公民责任意识淡薄的情况，一旦免费开放市区公园，这些公园会管理不善，将不可避免地受到损坏。综合考虑两种观点，我较认同后者。可以确定的是市区公园免费开放要与经济发展情况相适应，因为这需要财政的支持。因此，以中国现有的经济水平，免费开放市区公园的目标要逐步实现。
The question whether urban parks should charge an entrance fee or not has been a source of controversy for a long time. On the one hand, some people claim that urban parks, supposed to be places where people have leisure and entertainment, are public establishments that have been created with taxpayers’ money and thus should be free. On the other hand, some others maintain that, considering China’s large population and lack of a sense of civic duty, once the parks are free of charge, they will not be properly managed and will inevitably be damaged. When considering opinions of both sides, I am inclined to the latter view. It’s certain that free entry to urban parks should proceed with economic development, as it needs financial support. Hence, the current economic level in China reflects that free entry to parks can only be realized step by step.
　　【翻译词汇】
　　市区公园 urban park
　　门票 entrance fee
　　纳税人 taxpayer
　　休闲 leisure
　　娱乐 entertainment
　　公共场所 public establishment
　　考虑到 considering
　　公民责任意识淡薄 lack of a sense of civic duty
　　较认同 be inclined to
　　与…相适应 proceed with
　　财政的 financial
　　逐步 step by step
8大规模消费时代
随着中国经济迅速发展到新的高度，中国目前已经进入了大规模消费时代，中国民众的购买力随着中国市场经济的发展而迅速增长。因此，那些追求物质生活的人们只要有购买力，就不可避免地会购买奢侈品。一项报告显示，中国的奢侈品消费总额占全球市场份额的四分之一，且位居世界第二，仅次于日本。然而，从消费观念方面来讲，很多中国的消费者还处在“炫耀性消费”的阶段，这是一种不健康的状态。奢侈品不应该是炫耀的手段，或者是与权力、财富和社会关系相关的标志。
As China has achieved new heights in its economy and recently entered an era of mass consumption, the purchasing power of Chinese people is rising along with the development of market economy. Therefore, it is inevitable that people who pursue material life buy luxuries as long as they can afford. According to a report, the total consumption of luxuries in China accounted for a quarter of the global market share and ranked second in the world after Japan. However, in regard to consumption concept, a large number of Chinese consumers are still in the stage of “conspicuous consumption”, which is unhealthy. Luxuries should not be the tools of showing off or signs associated with power, wealth and social ties.
　　【翻译词汇】
　　大规模消费时代 an era of mass consumption
　　追求物质生活 pursue material life
　　购买力 purchasing power
　　因此 therefore
　　奢侈品 luxury
　　占 account for
　　市场份额 market share
　　从…来讲 in regard to
　　炫耀性消费 conspicuous consumption
　　炫耀 show off
　　与…相关 be associated with
　　社会关系 social tie
9泰山
泰山称东岳，以“五岳独尊”的盛名享誉古今。按照“五行学说”，东方属木，主生发，有生命之源、万物之本的含义。这就是古代帝王通常在自己登基或晚年时到泰山封禅祭拜的原因。泰山拔地通天，气势磅礴，汉语又有“稳如泰山”、“重于泰山”之说。1987年，联合国教科文组织将泰山列为世界自然与文化遗产。
Mount Tai, called “East Yue”, has a great reputation for the most important mountain of the Five Holy Mountains. According to the theory of five elements, the East belongs to mu, which means liveliness. Therefore, the East is a place where nature regulated and adjusted its procedures. This explains why important emperors made pilgrimages mostly to Mount Tai when they were crowned or in their later years. It is a symbol of loftiness and might, hence, there are the Chinese idioms: “as firm as Mount Tai” and “as weighty as Mount Tai”. Mount Tai was proclaimed world natural and cultural heritage by UNESCO in 1987.
　　【翻译词汇】
　　泰山 Mount Tai
　　东岳 East Yue
　　五岳独尊 the most important mountain of the Five Holy Mountains
　　享誉 have a great reputation
　　五行学说 the theory of five elements
　　生发 liveliness
　　生命之源、万物之本 a place where nature regulated and adjusted its procedures
　　登基 be crowned
　　封禅祭拜 make pilgrimages to
　　稳如泰山 as firm as Mount Tai
　　重于泰山 as weighty as Mount Tai
　　宣布 proclaim
10赵州桥
赵州桥坐落在洨河上，距离赵县南部约2.5公里。这座桥是在公元605年至公元616年建造的。赵州桥是由中国著名的匠师李春设计的，是用石头建造的，长50.82米，宽10米，还有一个不可思议的弧形桥洞，高7.23米，跨度为37.35米。桥上的石头栏杆和柱子上雕刻着美丽的龙凤图案。这座桥是一座空腹式的圆弧形石拱桥，两边有两个小拱，这是中国最早的拱桥之一，在中国桥梁建筑史上占有重要的地位，让游客和工程师们都很感兴趣。
Zhaozhou Bridge was built on the Jiao River about 2.5 kilometers away from the south of Zhaoxian county. The bridge was constructed in AD 605-616. Designed by a well-known Chinese mason, Li Chun, it’s made of stone, 50.82 meters long and 10 meters wide, with an unusual arch that is 7.23 meters high with a span of 37.35 meters. The stone railing and columns on the bridge were carved with beautiful dragon and phoenix designs. One of the earliest Chinese arch bridges with a long open-spandrel arch in the middle and two small arches on each side, this bridge occupies an important place in the history of Chinese bridge building and has been of interest to tourists and engineers alike.
　　【翻译词汇】
　　赵州桥 Zhaozhou Bridge
　　洨河 Jiao River
　　建造 construct
　　匠师 mason
　　不可思议的 unusual
　　弧形桥洞 arch
　　跨度 span
　　栏杆 railing
　　柱子 column
　　龙凤 dragon and phoenix
　　空腹式的 open-spandrel
　　占有 occupy