中考英语动词分类及训练.doc

动词专项复习
一、动词的分类
1. 实义动词
实义动词时能独立作谓语的动词。根据动词在句子中是否可以接宾语，可以把实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词两种类型。按其持续性可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。
（1）及物动词
及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。
①动词+宾语
My brother is flying the kite on the playground.
②动词+宾语+宾补
The teacher made his students happy by doing some games.
We call the bird Polly.
注意：省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有：make, let,have, see, watch, notice, hear等。
③动词+双宾语　　
My mother gives me a new bike.
注意：有些双宾语动词间接宾语（人）放在直接宾语（事物）后时，间接宾语前要加to。常用的此类词有bring、give、hand、 pass、pay、post、return、sell、show、teach、tell、throw、lend等。
Hand me that book, please. = Hand that book to me, please.
　有些双宾语动词间接宾语（人）放在直接宾语（事物）后时，间接宾语前要加for。常用的此类词有buy、choose、cook、draw、book、find、get、make、order等。
My mom bought me a nice backpack. = My mom bought a nice backpack for me.

（2）不及物动词
不及物动词一般不可以接宾语，但是有些不及物动词与一些介词、副词等词搭配在一起构成短语动词，它的作用等于一个及物动词。
We arrived at the station at five.
He turned off the light when he left.
He takes pride in doing a job well.
注意：有些动词既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。 常用的此类动词有open、close、 start、change、drive、play、meet、win、study等。　　　
The girl turned her head and smiled. 这个女孩子转过头笑一笑。
She turned and walked back to the classroom. 她转过身走回教室。

（3）延续性动词
延续性动词表示动作是可持续的，如：live, stay, study, work, keep, teach等，可以和时间段连用。
We have lived in China since 2001.
You can keep this book for two weeks.

（4）非延续性动词
非延续性动词表示瞬间动作，如：buy, lend, borrow, die, marry,begin, stop, finish, arrive, join, leave, come, go,catch等，不能和时间段连用。如果和时间段连用，就要用其他词代替。
He has been here for five days.(arrive)
The film has been on for ten minutes.(begin)
常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系如下：
1、go——be away          2、come——be here
3、come back——be back    4、leave——be away（be not here）
5、buy——have            6、borrow——keep
7、die——be dead           8、begin——be on
9、finish——be over       10、open——be open
11、close——be closed     12、lose——be lost
13、get to know——know   14、turn on——be on
15、get up——be up        16、sit down——sit/be seated
17、join——be in（…）或be a…member
18、become——be

2. 连系动词
　　连系动词也称为系动词，连系动词有一定词义，但不完整，不能单独做谓语，必须和表语连用，构成系表结构，表示主语身份、性质、状态。
You are a teacher, but not a good one.
We feel very happy when we know it.
英语经常用到的连系动词有：
(1) 状态连系动词：表示主语的状态、性质、身份。（be）
　　My father is very strong.
(2) 持续连系动词：表示继续或保持一种状态或情况。（stay，remain，keep等）
You must keep healthy.
(3) 表象连系动词：用来表示“看起来”的这一概念的词。appear（看起来），seem（看似），look（看起来）。
　　Your mother looks much younger than I thought.
(4) 感官连系动词：feel（摸起来)，taste（尝起来)，smell（闻起来)，sound（听起来）look（看起来)。
　　The milk tastes a little sour.
(5) 转变或结果连系动词：become（变为)，get（成为)，grow（长得)，turn（变得)，go（变得)等。
　　Our village is becoming more and more beautiful.

3.助动词
　　助动词本身没有词意，或者意义不完全，不能单独作谓语，只能和别的动词一起在句子中作谓语，帮助动词构成各种时态、语态等及否定、疑问、强调等。主要的助动词有：be，do，have，shall，will等。例如：
　Will you have a sports meeting next week?
Is your mother cooking？
Don’t be late for class next time.

4. 情态动词
　　情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词连用作谓语，表示说话人的语气和情感。主要的情态动词有：can，may，must，need，would，could，might，dare等。使用情态动词要注意以下方面：
(1) 含must的一般疑问句，肯定回答仍用must，否定回答则用needn’t或don’t have to，表示“不必”。一般不能用mustn’t，因为mustn’t表示“不可以、禁止”，语气很强。
—Must I finish my homework now?
—No, you needn’t.
(2) may开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答用may，否定回答用mustn’t。
—May I smoke here?
—No, you mustn’t.
(3) 表示可能性或推测时，can多用于否定句或疑问句，can’t表示“不可能”；may多用于陈述句，may not表示“可能不”；must只用于肯定句，表示“一定、准是”。
You may be right or may not be right.
The news can’t be true.
She must be angry.
(4) need用作情态动词主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件句，表示“需要”，也可以作实义动词，后跟名词、代词、不定式、动词-ing形式等。need开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must。
You needn’t come if you are busy.
—Need I come tomorrow? 我明天需要来吗？
—No, you needn’t. / Yes, you must. 不，没必要。/ 是的，你必须来。
He needs to get some sleep. 他需要睡一会。
(5) have to的意思接近must，但是must强调说话者的主观意愿。have to强调客观上的必要性，常译成“不得不“。have to可以用于多种时态，其疑问句、否定句都要借助do构成。
　Do you have to leave now? 你现在必须走了吗？
　You don’t have to get up early. 你没有必要早起。
(6) be able to表示具体的能力，与can用法相近，can只有一般现在时和一般过去时，be able to 可用更多的时态。was / were able to侧重有能力而且成功地做成了某事，而could只表示过去具备某种能力。
　The math problem was hard but I was able to work it out. 这道数学题很难，但我做出来了。

巩固练习
1. It is necessary for schools to________ the need of all the students' development.
A. cut B. hide
C. refuse D. satisfy
2.— I don't know where to go this summer vacation.
—Why not________ visiting Jingzhou? There are many places of interest.
A. regard B. consider
C. wonder D. suggest
3. (These oranges look nice, but________ very sour.
A. feel B. taste
C. sound D. look
4.—Dad, I'll be in the final singing competition tomorrow.
—Be careful not to get a sore throat and________ your voice.
A. lose B. raise
C.rise D. break
5.In some countries, people________ download(下载)music from the Internet without paying, because it's against the law.
A. wouldn't B. needn't
C. mustn't D. couldn't
6. — We've ordered too much food. I ________eat any more.
—Never mind. Let' take it home.
A. can't B. mustn't
C. needn't D. shouldn't
7. I have travelled a lot. I________ speak four languages.
A. can B. may
C. must D. need
8. —________I hand in the report today?
— No, you needn't.
A. Can B. Must
C. Shall D. Could
9.—Mum, I've signed for the box. What's in it?
—I'm not sure. It________ be a present from your uncle.
A. need B. must
C. may D. will
10. We should keep quiet in the cinema. We________ speak loudly.
A. can B. must
C. needn't D. mustn't
11. —Have you decided where to spend your holiday?
—Not yet. We ________ go to Beijing.
A. may B. must
C. should D. need
12. —Have you got the results of the exam?
—No. All we________ do now is to wait.
A. must B. can
C. may D. could
13. When you are travelling, bring a map because it________ help you.
A. can't B. mustn't
C. used to D. may
14. To keep children safe, we________ put the things like knives and medicine away in our house.
A. may B. should
C. can D. might
15. —Robert, could you wash the car for me?
—Yes, I________. I'm coming, Dad.
A. could B. couldn't
C. can D. can't
16. Here is the book. First _________ it and then tell me what you think of it.
A. look into B. look through C. look up D. look after
17. —What kind of persons do you prefer to make friends with?
—I choose my friends on their characters and how we __________.
A. get in B. get up C. get on D. get off
18. Many teenagers the old and they often offer their seats to the old on buses.
A. agree with B. worry about C. laugh at D. care for
19 —Show me your homework, Dave?
—Sorry, Mrs. Brown. I've it at home.
A. missed B. forgotten C. lost D. left
20. –How does Jack usually go to work?
—He ______ drive a car, but now he ______ there to lose weight.
A. used to; is used to walk B. was used to; is used to walking
C. was used to; is used to walk D. used to; is used to walking
21. —Can I _______ your bike?
—With pleasure. But you mustn’t _______ it to others.
A. lend; borrow B. borrow; lend
C. lend; lend D. borrow; borrow
22. Sometimes the ads _______ but don’t tell you anything about the quality of the product.
A. look well B. sound good C. taste good D. seem bad
23. ---Look! There is a horse racing program on TV show. --- Hmm….It_______exciting.
A. seems B. looks like C. sounds D. seems like
24. The meat on the plate so delicious. Let's try it together.
A. smells B. sounds C. sees D. feels
25. –What’s wrong with the orange? --It_______ terrible.
A. is tasting B. is tasted C. tastes D. taste
26. –I think our chemistry teacher is working hard. He teaches us_______.
--Yes, but he hasn’t come today. He doesn’t feel_______.
A. good, well B. good, good C. well, good D. well, well

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