福建专升本语法-非谓语动词、情态动词、形容词省名师优质课赛课获奖课件市赛课百校联赛优质课一等奖课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,UNIT7-TXETB,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。,Grammar,1/83,There is no royal road to learning.,学习没有捷径,2/83,第一讲,.,动词非谓语动词,动词在句中除充当谓语外,还能够起名字,形容词或副词作用,在句中充当主语,宾语,表语,补语,定语和状语,.,这就是动词非谓语形式,.,当句中需要某种动作作,主语,宾语或作某种修饰,说明成份时,就要使用这种形式,.,动词非谓语形式有三种,:,(1),动词不定式,to study(to+,动词原形,),(2),分词,studying(,现在分词,),studied(,过去分词,),(3),动名词,studying(,形式与现在分词相同,),动词非谓语形式不随主语人称和数改变而改变,故又称为非限定性动词,.,动词非谓语形式仍含有动词普通特征,能够带有宾语,状语等组成短语,.,3/83,动词非谓语形式有以下几个形式改变,:,主 动,被 动,动词不定式,一 般,to write,to be written,进 行,to be writing,完 成,to have written,to have been written,完 成 进 行,to have been writing,现 在 分 词,和 动 名 词,一 般,writing,being written,完 成,having written,having been written,过 去 分 词,一 般,written,4/83,一,.,动词不定式,1.,动词不定式能起名词,形容词,和副词作用,充当谓语以外各种成份,.,(,一,),作主语,.,1)To learn English is not an easy thing.,2)To say something is one thing,to do it is another.,3)It is our duty to realize the four modernizations.,4)It is impossible for him to get the money now.,5)It makes me feel sad to see you sitting alone.,(,是形式主语,是真实主语,.,动词不定式作真实主语时,常放在后面,.),(,二,),作表语,.,1)My suggestion is to carry out the plan right now.,2)The young man seems to be a college graduate.,3)To see is to believe.,4)They are likely to succeed.,5/83,(,三,),作定语,.,1)Mary has a lot of things to do.,2)Here is a good book for you to read.,3)Is there anything(for us)to eat?,4)She is not a girl to do things by halves.,5)He is a man to depend on.,(,四,),作宾语,.,1)He wants to visit Nanjing.,2)The guests promised to come early.,6/83,(,五,),作宾语补语,(,复合宾语第二部分,).,1)I expect you to write to me.,2)I asked him to show me his new dictionary.,3)We tried to persuade him not to drop out of school,but in vain.,注,:,常跟不定式作宾补动词有：,ask,advise,allow,beg,cause,compel,command,enable,encourage,expect,force,inspire,intend,invite,instruct,order,permit,persuade,press,remind,tell,urge,want,warn,有些动词如感官动词和使役动词后面不定式不带,to,如,:make,let,hear,see,notice,feel,watch,have,(,要,叫,使,),等,.,1)The teacher,made me do,my homework carefully.,2)Professor Wang let his assistant leave early enough to catch the last bus.,3)I heard Mary cry.,4)We watched them play football.,5)Tom felt his heart beat fast when he saw Joe come into the room.,6)I would have him wait for me.,我要他等我,.,用被动语态时,这些动词后面不定式要带,to.,1)He was made to do the work at once.,2)She was heard to use strong language.,3)She was seen to run out of the post office.,7/83,(,六,),作状语,.,1)He came to see me yesterday.(,目标,),2)He opened the door for her to come in.(,目标,),3)My little brother is too young to go to school.(,结果,),4)Xiao Ma is old enough to join the army.(,结果,),5)My father was surprise to hear the news.(,原因,),6)I am sorry to say(that)the work is not well done.(,原因,),不定式短语修饰全句作状语,1),To be frank with you,I dont love you.,2)To give you some idea of birth rate,look at the second hand of your watch.,3)To hear him speak English,you would take him for a foreigner.,4),To tell the truth,I have not got any definite information about the term paper.,8/83,2.,动词不定身否定式只须在,to,前加,not.,1)My father decided,not to take,up the job.,2)The teacher told him,not to be,late again.,3)The doctor warned me,not to overstrain,my eyes in writing books.,3.,带疑问词动词不定式在前加疑问词,.,1)Mr.Li will teach us,how to use,the present perfect tense.,2)Can you tell me,where to get,the book?,3)Mary didnt know,what to say,when Mr.Hopkins was,displeased with her.,4)I dont know,whether to accept,his invitation or not.,5)The question is when to do the experiment.,6)How to do it is an easy question.,“,疑问词,+,不定式”结构通惯用语以下动词之后,:tell,teach,know,wonder,learn,show,find out,ask,understand,discuss,explain,find out,inquire,discover,consider,等,.,9/83,4.,作简短回答或防止无须要重复时,动词不定式经常省略后面动词,只保留,to.,在,make,let,hear,see,等动词后，,to,也能够省略不用,1)Did you go to see the Great Wall?-No,I,wanted to,(go to see it),but there wasnt time.,2)Will you help me?-Ill,try to,(help you).,3)Mary wanted to use your bike.-But I asked her,not to,(use it).,4)Did Jane go to the party?-No,her mother didnt let her(go to the party).,5)He wanted to go to Beidaihe,but he wasnt able to(go there).,5.,假如动词不定式逻辑主语不是句子主语或谓语动词宾语,需要在这一逻辑主语,前加,for.,I opened the door,for her to come,in.,My advise is,for you to admit,your own mistake.,Mary gave me the phone number in order for me to reach her when I am in need of help.,试比较以下句子,:,1)I want to open the door.,2)I want him to open the door.,10/83,6.,除,ought to,have to,be to,外,其它助动词，情态动词后面不定式都不带,to.“be+,动词不定式”结构含有事先安排好或预定计划,预先指出后果,劝说，告诫,指示,命令等意味,.,1)The delegation,is to,go to Nangjing tomorrow.,2)The teacher are to return next Monday.,3)The question is to be discussed at the next meeting.,4)Xiao Wang said she was to go to Shanghai on business.,5)You are,not to offend,anybody.,6)Yor are to find out the truth of the matter.,7)The policeman said that he wasnt to leave the house.,8)You,are to be punished,if you do that.,9)All work,is to be finished,within a week.,10)What is to be done?(=What are we to do?),11/83,7,.,动词不定式完成式主要表达它所表示动作发生在谓语动词表示动作之前,.,但在,plan,hope,expect,should(,或,would)like,等动词之后，则表示没有实现行为。,1)I am sorry,to have kept,you waiting.,2)She seemed,to have forgotten,her promise.,3)He pretended,to have read,the book.,4)He planned to have gone abroad.(=He planned to go abroad but he didnt.),5)I,hoped to have seen,her.(=I hope to see her,but I didnt see her.),6)I would like to have had your help.(=I wanted to have your help but I didnt have it.),7)The enemy expected to have found him.(=The enemy expected to find but didnt find him.),8)He is said to have been presented with two master degrees.,9)Tom planned to have painted the house before dark.,12/83,8.,动词不定式进行式表示主要动作发生时,不定式所表示动作正在进行,.:,1)They seem,to be talking,about something important.,2)The two weavers pretended,to be working,hard.,3)She is said to be studying in Yale University.,9.,动词不定式被动态表示不定式逻辑主语是不定式所表示动作承受者,.,1)The houses,to be built,is for the teachers.,2)The medical team asked,to be sent,to the front at once.,3)Its my pleasure to be asked to speak here.,4)Here are the papers to be typed today.,5)Where are the clothes to be washed.,动词主动语态表被动意义,1)Nobody,is to blame,for it.,2)The house,is to let,.,13/83,10.,固定表示法,(1)should/would like someone to do something;,would prefer something to do/to be done,，,1)I should like you to write a composition every week.,2)Mr.Smith would prefer the matter,to be discussed,at the next meeting.,(2),由,only,first,second,last,next,best,等序数词或形容词最高级修饰名词，,惯用不定式作定语,1)He is always,the last one to leave,the office.,2)Peter is,the most suitable person to do,the job.,3)Sally Ride was the first American woman,to explore,outer space.,(3)so as to do something;so as to do something;in order to do something,1)They stared early in order to get there before midnight.,2)Come early,so as to get,a good seat.,3)Vegetables are now,so cheap as to be,within the reach of almost everyone.,14/83,(4)only to do something,1)Mr.Green ran all the way up to the station only to find that the train,had left five minutes before.,2)I open the box,only to find,it empty.,(5)happen,prove,tend,appear,seem+to do something,1)I happed to be out when she called me.,2)I like George but I think he tends to talk too much.,3)You seem to be very happy.,(6)seem,appear,be said,be known,等动词,+to have done,，,表示不定式动词动作先发生,1)They seem to have been rich.,2)You,appear to have lost,weight.,3)She is said to have travelled through Europe.,4)The old man was known to have been smart in his youth.,15/83,(7)tooto do,1)The news is too good to be true.,2)His income is too small to support his family.,(8)do nothing/anything/everything but(except)do something,1)They did nothing but play trick on him.,2)Mr.Green will do anything but work on a farm.,Note:,假如,nothing/anything/everything,前面不是,do/did,而是其它词,不定式一定加,to,1)The doctor told me nothing but to remain silent.,2)There is nothing for him to do but to stop smoking.,3)They had no choice/alternative but to book the air ticket in advance.,16/83,(9)had better do,would rather do(than)do,would do rather than do,would sooner do(than)do,cannot but do,can not help but do,may/might as well do,1)Since the boy is mad,wed better leave,him alone.,2)They,couldnt help but wait,for the next train to come.,3)I,would die,of hunger,rather than beg,in the street.,4)If you dont like to swim,you,may just as well stay,at home.,5)The soldier would sooner die than surrender,.,17/83,不定式练习,.1Would you please tell me,next?,A.how do I do,B.what to do,C.what do I do,D.how I should do,2.The girl wasnt,to lift that bookcase.,A.too strong,B.enough strong,C.strong enough,D.so strong,3.For a time his grandmother found,accept his new idea.,A.hard,B.it hard,C.it hard to,D.it is hard to,4.As she has never been there before,Ill have someone _,her the way.,A.show,B.to show,C.showing,D.showed,5.You,drive slowly.The roads are wet.,A.had rather,B.would rather,C.had better,D.would better,18/83,不定式练习,6.Nothing can make the brave soldier,his country.,A.turn against,B.to turn against,C.to turn to,D.turn to,7.In the old days it was difficult for the poor,a job.,A.find,B.to find,C.look,D.to look for,8.When learning a foreign language,try our best,the spirit of it.,A.master,B.hold,C.take hold of,D.to master,9.It was foolish,his car unlocked.,A.for him to leave,B.of him to leave,C.for him leave,D.him to leave,10.Remember,the newspaper when you have finished it.,A.putting back,B.put back,C.to put back,D.will put back,19/83,不定式练习,11.Napoleon spoke so loudly as to,in front of his soldiers.,A.hear,B.be heard,C.listen,D.be listened to,12.Television and radio,to know what is going on all over the world.,A.made it possible of us,B.have made us possible,C.have made it possible for us,D.have made it be possible for us,13.I have enjoyed my visit here.Ill be very sorry,.,A.for leaving,B.to leave,C.if leaving,D.to have left,14.I dont see how I could possible manage,the work without,.,A.to finish,；,helping,B.to finish,；,being helped,C.finishing,；,helping,D.finishing,；,being helped,15.We all think it most foolish,this mistake.,A.for you making,B.of you to make,C.you to make,D.for you to make,20/83,不定式练习,16.Because of air pollution being greatly reduced,this city is still,.,A.a good place which to be lived in,B.a good place to live,C.a good place to live in,D.a good place to live for,17.You were lost on your way to the lake,werent you?,Yes,we were and had to stop,the way.,A.asking,B.to ask,C.asked,D.to be asked,18.She felt it a great shame,so severely in the presence of her boy friend.,A.to criticize,B.to have criticized,C.to be criticized,D.to have been criticized,19.The advertisements are trying,people to buy things they dont really need.,A.persuade,B.persuading,C.be persuading,D.to persuade,20.If you were much younger,I would arrange,as the general manager,for all your colleagues speak highly of your work.,A.for you to work,B.of you to work,C.for you work,D.you work,21/83,不定式练习,21.On our way back home,we,lunch because we felt hungry.,A.stopped to have,B.stop to have,C.stopped having,D.stoped to have,22.I did nothing but,my lessons last Sunday.,A.go over,B.to go over,C.went over,D.go on,23.Id prefer,home rather than,a walk.,A.to stay;to take,B.stay;to take,C.to stay;take,D.stay;take,24.He was so foolish,his car unlocked.A.to leave,B.that leave,C.as to leave,D.for him to leave,25.Your flat needs,.Do you want me,it for you?,A.to clean;to do,B.cleaning;doing,C.cleaning;to do,D.to be cleaned;doing,22/83,不定式练习,26.What the scientist said greatly encouraged us,the experiment again,but his secretarys words discouraged us _,the experiment any more.,A.to try;to do,B.to try;from doing,C.for trying;from doing,D.trying;to do,27.,water before breakfast seemed to them a rule never,.,A.To get;breaks,B.To get;to break,C.Getting;breaks,D.Get;to break,28.The patient was warned,oily food after operation.,A.to eat not,B.eating not,C.not to eat,D.not eating,29.Do you have any clothes,today,Sir?asked the maid politely.,A.wash,B.to be washed,C.to wash,D.to be washing,30.Mr.Green has never smoked any more since his wife _,him,.,A.suggested;to give it up,B.persuaded;to give up it,C.advised;to give it up,D.persuaded;to give it up,23/83,二动名词（,doing),1.,动名词在句中做主语、宾语、表语,1)Buying clothes is often a very time-consuming practice.,2)My favourite pastime is climbing mountains.,3)They narrowly escaped being killed in the accident.,4)The doctor suggested that your son avoid working outside for a couple of days.,常见只可跟动名词作宾语动词有：,admit,avoid,consider,delay,deny,endure,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,forbid,imagine,mind,miss,dislike,permit,postpone,practice,require,risk,suggest,But:1)The government doesnt allow parking in the street.,2)He allowed me to copy the key to the exam.,3)They advise waiting for a while.,4)They advised me not to copy the key to the exam.,allow,及,advise,这类动词后，若有某人就加不定式，不然直接加动名词,类似动词还有：,permit/recommend/forbid/consider+doing sth.,permit/recommend/forbid/consider +sb.+to do sth.,24/83,2.,动名词意义上（逻辑上）主语与句子主语或宾语不一样，必须表示出来,1)I dont like,your speaking,hurt others.,2)She objected to,your going,there.,3)Its all their doing.,3.,动名词意义上（逻辑上）主语是有生命名词，用,s,表示出来,1)He died in consequence of,the doctors not coming,on time.,2)I appreciate Johns helping in time.,3)Toms calling Mary made her angry,so she hung up on him.,4.,动名词意义上（逻辑上）主语是无生命名词或抽象名词，无须加,s,1)They were glad of,the examination being,over.,2)There is some likelihood of this being true.,25/83,5.,动词,want,need,require,deserve,及形容词,worth+doing,，表示被动,1)The baby,needs taking,good care of.,2)The exhibition is,not worth looking,at.,3)These typewriters,require numbering,.,6.worth doing/worthy of being done,worthwhile to do/doing,1)New York is worth visiting.,2)It is worthwhile to visit New York.,3)New York is worthy of being visited.,4)It isnt worthwhile reading that book.,5)It is worth your while to go and see.,6)It is worthwhile to say this.(This is worth saying.),26/83,7.prefer doing to doing,1,）,I prefer reading to playing bridge.,2)He prefers writing his letters to dictating them.,8.go doing,惯用于表示“娱乐、活动、游戏”等带有趣味性行为、活动,1)Would you like to go fishing with me this afternoon?,2)Im going skiing next week.,more examples:go swimming,go walking,go boating,go dancing,go hunting,go riding,go shooting,go camping,9.on/upon doing;in doing,1)On arriving in the United States,I received a visit from a college professor.,2)On entering the classroom,the students liked me at once.,3)In talking about robots,the scientists mentioned their function.,4)He was drowned in crossing the river.,27/83,10.,There is no point in+doing,1)There is no point in doing that.,2)There is no point in complaining about the poor living condition here.,3)There is no point in crying over spilled milk.,It is no use/good+doing,1)It is no good trying to,deceive,me.,2)It is no use talking of his domestic matters.,3)It is no good your pretending that you know the rules.,4)It is no use waiting any longer.,No doing,表示“禁止做某事”,1)No littering on the camps of our college.,2)No parking in front of the gate.,3)No smoking in the meeting room.,28/83,11.have(no)difficulty(in)+doing/there is(no)difficulty(in)+doing,1)You shouldnt hav