浅论如何正确使用涡轮增压器中英文对照.doc

浅论如何正确使用涡轮增压器中英文对照
Discussion on how to correctly use the turbocharger in Chinese and English.

随着汽车工业的飞速发展，汽车已逐渐走进到千家万户，在满足乘坐的舒适性、使用的经济性要求后，人们对于汽车的动力性的要求也逐步提高，在现有的技术条件下，给发动机加装涡轮增压器是最好的解决办法。一般情况下，加装增压器后，发动机的功率及扭矩要比加装前增大20％~30％。小排量，大功率，代表着当前发动机技术的最高水平。比普通发动机拥有更好的动力，也有更好的燃油经济性。
With the rapid development of automobile industry, the automobile has gradually entered into thousands of households, the ride comfort, economy of use requirements, people also gradually improved the car's request, under the conditions of the existing technology, to the engine with turbocharger is the best solution. Under normal circumstances, install the supercharger, engine power and torque than with increased 20%~30%. Small volume, high power, and represents the highest level of current engine technology. To have better power than the ordinary engine, also have better fuel economy.
什么是涡轮增压器？它是安装在发动机排气管道上的一台精致的空气压缩机，利用发动机排出的废气推动涡轮室内的涡轮旋转，涡轮又带动同轴的叶轮旋转，这样，叶轮就把从空气滤清器进来的空气进行压缩，使之增压进入汽缸。由于进入气缸的空气密度增大，可使更多的燃油充分燃烧，因而大大提高了发动机的功率，降低了燃油消耗。 由于该系统是利用发动机排出的废气驱动涡轮，所以涡轮增压器经常在高速、高温下工作，涡轮端的温度在600度以上，增压器也以每分钟8万-10万转的速度高速旋转。所以为了保证增压器的正常工作，就要正确使用和维护保养涡轮增压器。在使用的过程中应注意以下事项。
What is the turbocharger? It is installed in the engine exhaust pipe of a sophisticated air compressor, drive a turbine room of the turbine rotation by waste gas discharged by the engine, turbine driven by another coaxial impeller rotation, so, the impeller to compress the air cleaner air, so that pressurized into the cylinder. As the density of air into the cylinder increases, can fully burn more fuel, thus greatly increasing the power of the engine, reducing fuel consumption. Because the system is to use the engine emissions drive turbine turbocharger, so often in high speed, working under high temperature, turbine end temperature is above 600 degrees, superchargers also per minute to 80000 -10 000 rpm speed of high-speed rotation. So in order to ensure the normal work of the supercharger, it is necessary to correctly use and maintenance of turbocharger. In the use of the process should pay attention to the following matters.
1 涡轮增压发动机冷启动注意事项
1 turbocharged diesel engine cold starting points for attention
汽车发动机冷启动后，不能急加油，应先怠速运转三到五分钟，这是为了使机油温度升高，流动性能改善，从而使涡轮增压器轴承得到充分润滑，这一点在冬季尤为重要。否则易使增压器转子轴、轴承、密封环等部件因缺油而早期磨损。
Automobile engine cold start, not rush to refuel, should first idling for three to five minutes, this is to make the oil temperature, flow performance is improved, so that the turbocharger bearing lubricated sufficiently, this is particularly important in the winter. Otherwise it is easy to make the supercharger rotor shaft, bearing, seal ring and other parts of early wear due to lack of oil and.
对于停车时间较长(一周以上)的车辆，在发动机重新启动前，一定要先将增压器予以润滑。方法是松开增压器进油管接头，向进油口倒入干净的与油底壳同牌号的机油。另外，在更换润滑油、清洗或更换机油滤清器时，都应按上述方法向涡轮增压器加注润滑油，然后再启动车辆。
For the parking time is longer (more than one week) of the vehicle, the engine before restarting, must first be lubrication of turbocharger. Method is to loosen the turbocharger inlet pipe joint, to the oil inlet into the clean and the oil pan with the grade of oil. In addition, the replacement of lubricants, cleaning or replacement of oil filter, should according to the above method to the turbocharger lubricating oil, and then start the vehicle.
2 涡轮增压发动机熄火注意事项
2 turbocharged engine flameout note
发动机在带有负荷或长时间高速运转后，不能马上熄火。因为发动机正常工作时，机油泵会向涡轮增压器输送机油，用于转子轴承的润滑和冷却，发动机突然熄火后，油泵停止工作，机油压力迅速降为零，机油润滑中断，涡轮增压器运转产生的热量就无法被机油带走，这时增压器涡轮部分的高温会传到中间的轴承支撑壳上，轴承支承壳内的热量不能迅速被带走散失掉，而增压器的转子仍在惯性作用下做着高速旋转。这样就可能造成涡轮增压器转轴与轴套之间“烧死”而损坏轴承和转轴。另外，发动机突然熄火后，排气歧管的高温会很快传递到涡轮增压器壳体上，增压器内部的机油也会因为过热而变质，甚至生成积碳。积炭积累过多就会阻塞进油口，加速涡轮转轴与轴套之间的磨损。正确的熄火方法是：发动机熄火前应怠速运转三到五分钟，待增压器转子转速降低和机油温度有所下降后，再熄火停车。在行使过程中，严禁采用“加速-熄火-空档滑行”的操作方法，这样也会因为机油泵停止供油而损坏涡轮增压器。 此外，要避免发动机长时间的怠速运转，否则也会因怠速时机油压力偏低，增压器转子轴浮起受影响，而导致转子轴、轴承和密封环等部件的早期磨损。
Engine with load or long time high-speed operation, not immediately. Because the normal work of the engine, engine oil pump can transport oil to the turbocharger, for rotor bearing lubrication and cooling, after the engine stops suddenly, the oil pump stops working, the oil pressure decrease rapidly to zero, lubrication oil interruption, turbocharger operating heat generation cannot be oil away, bearing shell when the turbocharger part of the high temperature to the middle of the upper bearing shell, heat can not be quickly dissipated away, while the rotor turbocharger is still under the inertia effect do high-speed rotation. This may result in "between the turbocharger shaft and the shaft sleeve and the shaft bearing damage.". In addition, after the engine stops suddenly, the exhaust manifold temperature will quickly transfer to the turbocharger shell, oil the turbocharger internal will also because of overheating and metamorphism, and even generate carbon. Coke will be the accumulation of excessive blocking oil inlet, accelerated wear between the turbine shaft and sleeve. Flameout is right: the engine flameout ago should be idle for three to five minutes, reduce the turbocharger rotor speed and oil temperature decreases, then shut down. In the process of the exercise, operation is strictly prohibited methods "accelerated - off - neutral glide", it will also because oil pump stop feeding and damaged turbocharger. In addition, long time to avoid the engine idling, otherwise will idle oil pressure is low, the supercharger rotor shaft floating affected, resulting in early wear of the rotor shaft, bearing and seal components.
3 选择质量好的机油
3 choose good quality oil
在涡轮增压器的作用下，进入燃烧室的空气量大幅度的提高，在发动机燃烧室容积不变的情况下，相当于提高了压缩比，使发动机的工作强度大大高。涡轮增压发动机的高机械加工精度，严格的装配技术。这些都决定了涡轮增压发动机处于高温、高转速、大功率、大扭矩、低排放的工况下。所以在选用涡轮增压发动机使用的机油时，要求所用的机油必须具有良好的抗磨、耐高温性，容易建立高强度油膜。目前的合成机油或半合成机油都可以满足这一要求，所以除了使用原厂规定机油外还可以选用合成机油、半合成机油等高品质润滑油。
On the turbocharger under the action of air into the combustion chamber, greatly increase the amount, in the engine combustion chamber volume under the condition of invariable, equivalent to improve the compression ratio of the engine, the working strength is high. High machining precision of the turbocharged engine assembly technique, strict. These are decided by the turbo engine in high temperature, high speed, large power, large torque, low emission conditions. So in the selection of the turbocharged engine used for oil, the oil must have good wear resistance, high temperature resistant, easy to build high strength oil film. Synthetic oil at present or semi synthetic oil can satisfy this requirement, so in addition to the provisions of the use of original oil also can use synthetic oil, synthetic oil of high quality lube oil.
4 经常检查涡轮增压器的密封环是否失效
4 regularly check the sealing ring of turbocharger failure
如果涡轮端油封失效，废气会通过密封环进入发动机润滑系统，时间久了就会使机油过早失效，此外，在发动机低速运转时机油也会通过密封环进入排气管，从排气管排出排出，造成排气管冒烟现象；如果压气机端油封失效，增压器内的机油便会窜入压气机壳，随着进气一起被吸入气缸内燃烧，造成 机油过度消耗，产生“烧机油”的现象，严重时还会造成气缸内积炭增多。
If the failure of turbine end oil seal, the exhaust gas through the sealing ring into the engine lubrication system, time will make the oil premature failure, in addition, the engine running at a low speed, the oil will through the sealing ring into the exhaust pipe, exhaust emissions from the exhaust pipe, exhaust pipe smoking phenomenon caused by; if the failure of compressor end seal, inside the intensifier the oil will enter the compressor casing, with intake are sucked into the cylinder combustion, resulting in excessive consumption of oil, "burn oil" phenomenon, serious when can cause the carbon deposit increase.
5 定期更换机油
5 the regular replacement of oil
涡轮增压器的转子轴与其轴承的配合非常精密，如果机油过脏或变质，会将杂质或磨粒等带入增压器内，轻则加速轴承磨损，重则使转子轴与轴承咬死。因此，一定要定期更换机油，在每次换机油时，最好将机油滤清器一并更换。
The matching of turbocharger rotor shaft and bearing very precise, if the oil too dirty or deterioration, will bring the impurities or abrasive, turbocharger, light accelerated bearing wear, while in the rotor shaft and bearing seizure. Therefore, we must change the oil regularly, in every oil change oil filter, the best will be replaced.
6 维修要专业
6 repair to professional
涡轮增压器转子轴承配合精度很高，对维修及安装时的工作环境要求很严格，因此，当涡轮增压器出现故障或损坏时应到专业的维修站进行维修。 综上，对于涡轮增压器发动机来说，只要掌握了正确的操作方法并定期检查维护好涡轮增压器，不但会使涡轮增压器的使用寿命大大延长，提高了汽车的动力性，而且也提高了汽车使用的经济性。
The turbocharger rotor bearing with high precision, to repair and installation work environment requirements are very strict, therefore, when the turbocharger failure or damage should be to a professional repair station for maintenance. To sum up, on the turbo engine, as long as the master the correct method of operation and regular inspection and maintenance of the turbocharger, not only makes the service life of turbocharger is greatly prolonged, improves the dynamic performance of the automobile, but also improves the economic performance of the vehicle.
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